Regional authorities must take their own measures to increase the birth rate in addition to the existing federal ones. The Ministry of Labor sent letters to governors with such recommendations. We are talking about additional cash payments, for example, regional maternity capital, improvement living conditions for families, creating 12-hour kindergartens. Moreover, the measures should apply to all families, regardless of their income. Additional support is necessary because the birth rate has been falling over the past two years and the demographic situation may worsen, officials say.

The need to take additional measures to increase the birth rate is stated in the draft methodological recommendations, prepared by the Ministry of Labor. The department has already sent them to the regions (a letter signed by First Deputy Minister Alexei Vovchenko is at Izvestia’s disposal). Based on the recommendations, the authorities of the constituent entities should determine planned indicators until 2020 “to increase the birth rate, reduce mortality and migration growth” and can propose their additions to the document, after which it will be sent for approval to the government.

The draft of the Ministry of Labor states that “regional plans should provide for the adoption of new measures that could have an additional stimulating effect on the birth rate.” We are talking about additional support from subjects in addition to the existing ones federal programs- for example, regional maternity capital, monthly cash payment for a third child, etc., is explained in the document.

The recommendations indicate the main directions of measures to increase the birth rate. This is direct material support - periodic and one-time payments. Governors must also create “conditions for combining responsibilities for raising children and professional responsibilities.” This, for example, is the creation of additional places in nurseries and kindergartens “on a full-day basis (10.5–12 hours of stay).” Regional officials were also recommended to improve the living conditions of families with children and create a “family-friendly living environment.”

“Measures to increase the birth rate should be stimulating in nature and not be replaced by measures social protection provided taking into account need and targeting. The amount of material support and non-material measures for families with children should be significant for potential recipients,” the document notes.

It also states that “in most regions of the Russian Federation in 2016 and 2017, negative dynamics of the birth rate were noted.” The decline for the first time in 11 years occurred in 2016 and “indicates that current measures are insufficient and without additional measures, the decline in the birth rate may intensify.”

The press service of the Ministry of Labor was unable to provide immediate comments.

The decline in fertility is associated with a decrease in the number of women of reproductive age, since in this age group Small generations born in the 1990s are entering, noted the press service of the governor of the Omsk region. Acting Governor Alexander Burkov told Izvestia that additional support measures are already in place in the region, for example monthly payments for the second and third child (up to the age of three) for families whose income does not exceed the regional living wage.

Another support measure is the possibility of early use of regional funds maternity capital for gasification of residential premises. Starting from the new year, the amount of cash payments to large families has been increased by 20% - up to 375 rubles per month; now it can be received not every month, but at a time, - said Alexander Burkov.

Governor of the Kaliningrad region Anton Alikhanov told Izvestia that he considers assistance in purchasing housing the most effective measure to stimulate the birth rate.

In our region, a preferential mortgage lending program has already begun to operate this year. That is, from regional budget Money will be allocated to offset the costs of obtaining new housing. We plan to close almost the entire first installment. And since it is already valid for young families preferential lending, apartments will become more affordable. But we will help not only young people, but all families, regardless of age and number of children in the family. The main thing is that the child is born in 2018,” said Anton Alikhanov.

He also noted that if the program produces results, it will be extended.

Governor of the Ulyanovsk region Sergei Morozov noted that the rights of pregnant women will be actively protected in the region.

We propose to set lower production standards for them. Women raising children under the age of 14 must be given leave at a time convenient for them. It is important to prevent them from being laid off. Children of working mothers should be provided with preferential vouchers to health camps, the governor told Izvestia.

The dean of the Faculty of Sociology and Political Science of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Alexander Shatilov, believes that the targeted financial assistance that regional authorities can offer will not have a significant impact on the birth rate.

Now many people of childbearing age are trying to move to big cities. And their rhythm does not imply the possibility of having many children; they are more likely to make money. Therefore, it is necessary to generally create comfortable living conditions in the regions and increase salaries. Then those who remain in small towns will think about having a child, the expert believes.

As Izvestia previously wrote, one of the priorities social policy- improvement of the demographic situation. For example, from this year Russians will begin to receive payments for the birth of their first child. The maternity capital program has been extended until the end of 2021. The years 2018–2027 have been declared the Decade of Childhood.

Recently, the government approved rules for state support of mortgages for families with children. Interest rate subsidies up to 6% for three or five years are provided for families “with the birth of a second or third child from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2022, respectively.” Government support will be received by borrowers who take out a loan for an apartment in a new building or refinance an existing one.

The demographic situation in Russia is worsening again

“Today, mainly due to objective reasons, the demographic situation in Russia is worsening again,” Putin noted at a meeting of the Coordination Council for the implementation of a national strategy in the interests of children.

“This trend was predictable and associated with the consequences of previous, overlapping, deep demographic declines. I mean the decline during the Great Patriotic War(1943-1944) and approximately the same decline in the mid-1990s. due to the huge problems that have arisen in the economy, and, in fact, the collapse in social sphere", the president emphasized.

The authorities will take measures to prevent population decline

“We need to take a set of measures that will stabilize and prevent a decline in Russia’s population in the coming decade. This requires active and consistent work in all areas: reducing mortality and stimulating the birth rate. In fact, we need to reset our demographic development policy.” , - said the head of state.

When it comes to fertility, support comes to the fore large families, families with modest income, creating additional incentives for the birth of a second and third child.

"It is also necessary to pay Special attention young families. These are, as a rule, families with low incomes. These are young people who are either still studying or have just entered labor activity, and incomes are very modest, as a rule. And this often holds back the birth of the first child, the appearance of the first child,” Putin said.

The maternity capital program will be extended until 2022.

“I propose to extend the maternity capital program until December 31, 2021. In addition, introduce additional features its use," the president emphasized.

Maternity capital funds should be allowed to be received in the form of monthly payments to those families who are especially in need. “The same targeted approach will apply here as with payments for the first child. That is, payments will be determined in the amount of the child’s subsistence level in the region. And for families with incomes that do not exceed one and a half times the subsistence level of the working-age population,” Putin said .

Maternity capital will be allowed to be used to pay for preschool education services, care and supervision of a child from the age of two months. “I know that this measure is in great demand, in particular, after the birth of a child, a mother will be able to continue working or studying,” the president noted.

Russia will introduce a monthly payment at the birth of the first child

“To support the birth rate, I propose to begin implementing a number of new measures to support Russian families starting in January 2018. Establish a monthly cash payment, which will be provided at the birth of the first child and paid until he reaches one and a half years old,” Putin said.

The amount of payments will be determined based on the child’s subsistence level established in the subject of the Federation. “On average, it will amount to 10,523 rubles in 2018, 10,836 rubles in 2019, and 11,143 rubles in 2020. Moreover, the payment will be targeted,” the head of state emphasized.

Family income must be taken into account. “And I think this is fair: first of all, to support those who really need it,” Putin explained and added that the amount of payments “will be determined in the amount of the subsistence minimum for children established in the subject of the Federation for the second quarter of the previous year of application for this payment ".

Payments under the program aimed at supporting families at the birth of their first child will amount to 144.5 billion rubles. for three years.

Families with a second and third child will receive mortgage benefits

"I propose to launch special program mortgage lending. Families in which a second or third child is born since January 1, 2018 will be able to take advantage of its opportunities. Buying housing on the primary market or refinancing previously received mortgage loans, families will be able to count on state subsidies for interest rates in excess of 6% per annum,” Putin said.

According to the Central Bank, the average mortgage rate is 10.5%. If a family with a second or third child takes at this rate, then the state will help with the payment of 4.5%, and the family will remain 6%. “That is, in this case, the state takes on more than 4% of the cost of the loan. According to the Ministry of Construction, in the next five years this program can cover over 500 thousand families,” Putin explained.

The authorities will repair old and build new children's clinics

“The government, together with the regions, needs to quickly work out a detailed schedule for reconstruction and overhaul children's clinics, including outpatient departments of hospitals," the president said. The government must approve the conditions for co-financing hospitals and the rules for selecting clinics. "This should be done taking into account the readiness of design estimates and, above all, the severity of the problem," the head of state noted and added, that such a measure will improve medical care for children.

Authorities will eliminate queues at nurseries and kindergartens

Putin has set the task of eliminating queues at nurseries. “We have practically solved the problem with places in kindergartens. Now we need to eliminate queues in nurseries for children from two months to three years old. And this needs to be done as quickly as possible. Now applications have been received from the parents of more than 326 thousand children. The same number of nursery places planned to be created in the next two years," the president said.

On November 28, 2017, Vladimir Putin held a meeting of the Coordination Council for the implementation of the National Strategy for Children in the Kremlin, during which he made several long-awaited statements regarding new measures social support families with children who will earn money starting January 2018.

In total, the President proposed 6 new social support measures:

Attention

More details about all these proposals can be found in the transcript of the meeting published on the official Kremlin website. Below are the main excerpts from this speech by Vladimir Putin.

Opening speech of the President November 28, 2017

Vladimir Putin at the meeting of the Coordination Council for the implementation of the National Strategy of Action for Children:

“You know that this year, in accordance with the Decree Decade of Childhood announced. I hope that the Government, in implementing this new project, will certainly ensure continuity with the objectives of the National Strategy for Action in the Interests of Children, and the Federation Council will continue to keep these issues in the area of ​​its constant attention. At the same time, I would especially emphasize that the importance of such areas as strengthening the institution of family and creating equal opportunities for the full development of all children remains the most important for us.

You know that since the beginning of the 2000s we have been closely and consistently engaged in demographic development issues. And thanks to thoughtful and, one might say, effective solutions, problems in this area are being consistently solved. Among the measures that were introduced and which are still working, the maternity capital program played a special role. Much has already been done in this regard; the birth rate has begun to rise. Having two children in a family has become a stable trend. Decreased infant mortality, thanks to the creation of a system of perinatal centers, first of all, it was possible to achieve positive indicators natural increase population, which, frankly, no one expected, but it happened.”

“Today we need to take a set of measures that will stabilize and prevent a decline in Russia’s population in the coming decade. This requires active, consistent work in all areas - both to reduce mortality and to stimulate the birth rate. In fact, we need reboot our demographic development policy».

“As for the birth rate, it comes to the fore support for large families, families with modest incomes, creating additional incentives for the birth of a second and third child.

It is also necessary to pay special attention young families. These, as a rule, are families with low incomes, because these are young people who are either still studying or have just entered the workforce; their incomes are usually very modest. This often holds back the birth of the first child, the appearance of the first child.”

What measures have been proposed by the President since 2018?

Vladimir Putin:“We have, frankly, discussed various measures for quite a long time, the time has come to make a decision and announce these proposed new measures. To support the birth rate, I propose to begin implementing a number of new measures to support Russian families as early as January 2018:

Namely, funds from maternity capital can be received in the form of monthly payments to those families who are especially in need. The same targeted approach will apply here as with payments for the first child. That is, payments will be determined in the amount of the subsistence minimum for a child in the region and for families with incomes that do not exceed one and a half times the subsistence minimum for the working population. Also until the child reaches one and a half years old.

In addition, it will now be possible to use maternity capital to pay for preschool education services (or rather, for child care and supervision) from the age of two months. I know that this measure is in great demand. In particular, the mother will be able to continue working or education after the birth of the child.

- Third direction. As you know, a decision has already been announced to expand the number of regions that will receive co-financing from the federal budget to pay benefits for the third child. Such benefits have been paid since 2013. Children under three years of age are eligible. The criteria for the need of families, as well as the procedure for assigning payments, are established by the legislation of the subjects Russian Federation.

At the same time, let me remind you that co-financing from the federal budget goes to those regions where there is an unfavorable demographic situation and the total fertility rate is below the Russian average. IN this year 50 regions of the Russian Federation took advantage of such co-financing conditions.

From January 1, 2018, 60 constituent entities of the Russian Federation will be able to receive support. Those regions where, on average, one woman has two or fewer children, will be able to receive it, that is regional coefficient the birth rate increases to two. As I already said, such a change in the coefficient will make it possible for 60 regions to receive federal assistance to pay benefits for a third child.

- Fourth. It is extremely important - especially for young families and families with children in general - housing issue. I propose to launch a special mortgage lending program. Families in which a second or third child is born since January 1, 2018 will be able to take advantage of its opportunities. By purchasing housing on the primary market or refinancing previously obtained mortgage loans, families will be able to count on government subsidized interest rates in excess of 6 percent per annum. Let me explain, for example, today the weighted average rate in the mortgage lending market is, according to the Bank of Russia, 10.05 percent. That is, in this case, the state takes on more than 4 percent of the cost of the loan. According to the Ministry of Construction, in the next five years this program could cover over 500 thousand families.

I'll tell you more. The mortgage lending program will be urgent in nature, providing for subsidizing the interest rate in excess of 6 percent upon the birth of a second child - for 3 years from the date of issuance of the loan; third child - within 5 years from the date the loan was issued. Questions may arise: the program will be coming to an end, and the child has just been born, what in this case. In the event of the birth of a third child during the subsidy period, but no later than December 31, 2022 inclusive, the subsidy period will be extended by 5 years - from the expiration date of the subsidy for the loan received in connection with the birth of the second child. In the event of the birth of a third child after the expiration of the subsidy period for the loan received in connection with the birth of the second child, but no later than December 31, 2022 inclusive, the provision of the subsidy is renewed starting from the date of birth of the third child.

- Fifth. We have practically solved the problem with places in kindergartens. Now we need to eliminate queues in nurseries - for children from two months to three years. This needs to be done as quickly as possible. Currently, applications have been received from parents of more than 326 thousand children. The same number of nursery places is planned to be created in the next two years.

- Sixth. We need to substantively and consistently improve accessibility medical care children and, of course, improving its quality. I have already said many times, in last years a good leap has been made to create perinatal centers in the regions. However, the condition of most children's clinics and their equipment leaves much to be desired. There are problems with queues and making an appointment with the right specialist. This state of affairs also serves as a deterrent when deciding to have children. And in general it just needs to be corrected and improved.

In order to reconstruct children's clinics, overhaul them and equip them with equipment, preliminary calculations, more than 50 billion rubles will be required. It is obvious that the regions, taking into account even the assistance that we provided them at the very Lately, will not be able to perform this work at their own expense. Therefore, in the next three years, the bulk of this amount - 10 billion per year - will be provided by federal budget.

The government, together with the regions, needs to quickly work out a detailed schedule for the reconstruction and overhaul of children’s clinics, including outpatient departments of hospitals, as well as approve the terms of co-financing and the rules for selecting clinics, to do this taking into account the readiness of design estimates and, above all, the severity of the problem.”

“I am confident that the implementation of all the proposed measures will bring results. I repeat, we are talking about the future of the country, about ensuring that as many children as possible are born in Russia, and that their living conditions improve and medical care improves.”

“This is what I wanted to say at the beginning. Thanks a lot".

President of Russian Federation Vladimir Putin 28.11.2017

RedRocketMedia

Bryansk, Ulyanova street, building 4, office 414

Vladimir Putin, who has not yet announced his presidential candidacy, has already promised gifts to the population. Starting in 2018, families with children will receive new benefits, a mortgage subsidy program, and maternity capital will be extended. The price of gifts is more than 200 billion rubles. The money has already been included in the draft budget for 2018–2020. - in the presidential reserve.

The measures should stimulate the birth rate, Putin explained. After the baby boom of 2000, it began to fall: in January - September 2017 it practically did not grow in annual terms, and the natural population decline exceeded 100,000 people against the natural increase for the same period in 2016 by 18,000 people.

Money for the firstborn

From 2018, families giving birth to their first child will receive a monthly subsistence minimum for the child until he is one and a half years old. This minimum is different for each region, but on average in 2018–2020. will exceed 10,000 rubles. The assistance will be targeted - only poor families will be able to count on benefits. In total, the government will spend more than 144 billion rubles on this.

It is unclear who should be considered poor, a federal official admits: without a system of a unified register of people and households, it is unclear real structure and poverty level. You can do without a register, argues Tatyana Maleva, director of the Institute of Social Analysis and Forecasting of RANEPA: we are talking about people who do not have enough money for current consumption. If a family's income is less than 1.5 times the poverty level, it can get into the program, she says. In the first half of 2017, 14.4% of the total population had incomes below the subsistence level.

People are already receiving benefits for caring for their first child up to one and a half years old. But in the second quarter of 2017 it was slightly above 3,000 rubles. The new allowance can become a serious measure of support, Maleva believes: many people even receive wages below the subsistence level, and families cannot decide, let alone a second or third child, or even a first. The number of families with two or three children is growing faster than families without them, she says. For a family in the region that is on the verge of poverty, this is a great help, agrees another federal official.

Capital for drinking?

Another measure is the extension of the maternity capital program until the end of 2021 (previously it was supposed to end at the end of 2018). The purposes for which such money can be spent will also expand: families in particular need will be able to receive monthly payments (the same amount as the new benefits for the first child) until the child turns one and a half years old. Capital can also be spent on nannies caring for children.

The measure could turn the program into a new benefit, the official is skeptical, but it will not be spent on children, but on alcohol. Now, of the three possible goals - a child’s education, improving living conditions or replenishing the funded part of a mother’s pension - money is most often spent on housing. But not every family needs it and can afford it, argues Maleva: with the crisis, incomes fall and many do not even have enough money for food. " Individual families They really can drink away their capital, but what, 146 million people are alcoholics?” she says, wondering why everyone has to suffer because of troubled families. Many people have been asking for permission to spend money on nurseries for a long time, says Maleva; however, without the construction of new nurseries, the measure may not work, she warns.

Mortgage at 6%

Modernization for children

50 billion rubles. will be allocated for the reconstruction and re-equipment of children's clinics. The situation with hospitals is already almost critical: 31% of hospitals and clinics do not have running water, 35.5% do not have sewerage, 40.5% do not have central heating, according to data from the Accounts Chamber. According to her calculations, in 13 years, without the allocation of money for updating, more than 70% of medical equipment will be impossible to use

For wealthier families, the government will revive the mortgage subsidy program. For those who will have a second and third child in 2018, a program will be launched to subsidize the mortgage interest rate. When buying a home on the primary market or refinancing mortgage loans they will be able to count on subsidized rates in excess of 6% per annum for three years from the date of issuance of the loan at the birth of the second child and five years for the third. Now the average mortgage rate is 10.5%, as follows from the Central Bank data, so the state will bear more than 4% of the cost of the loan. In 2018–2023 the program could cover over 500,000 families, Putin cited an estimate from the Ministry of Construction. The cost of the program is 10 billion rubles, says the official.

In 2015–2016 a subsidy program was already in place at 12% per annum (the state compensated the borrower for the difference between this amount and the bank’s rate). Anyone could use it, but only for an apartment in a new building. The share of loans issued with its help exceeded 35% banking system, recalls Vadim Pakhalenko, director of the mortgage lending directorate at TKB Bank. But new program the audience will be smaller, he believes, the number of loans to such families will not exceed 7–8%. Banks will be able to increase their client base, Pakhalenko hopes, but the main limitation of the use of subsidies is the cost of real estate.

Children are the future of Russia. This principle guided the members of the coordinating collegial council of the National Strategy when developing and adopting new measures to support families with children in 2018. What measures will be taken to improve the demographic situation?

Just a few years ago, the national strategy, implemented through the maternity capital program, was aimed at encouraging people to expand their families and have second and third children. Today, for many young people who have just entered the workforce, financial issue becomes a stumbling block in the desire to have a first child.

In Putin’s speech, one of the main messages regarding support for families with children in 2018 is the need to expand the capabilities of the “young family” program.

Given the low material income and difficult demographic situation, from January 1, 2018, the state offers support to young families expecting their first child. The program covers parents whose earnings are below 1.5 times the minimum income required to ensure a decent standard of living.

The size of the targeted benefit is equal to the monthly amount required for living:

• for 2018 it is 10.5 thousand rubles;
• in 2019 – 10.8 thousand rubles;
• in 2020 – 11.1 thousand rubles.

The benefit is paid until the child reaches the age of 1.5 years. From the moment the baby reaches 2 months of age, it will be possible to use maternity capital to pay for the services of preschool education institutions.

Program for families with two and three children

A payment program developed and implemented more than ten years ago financial assistance– maternity benefit remains for the next 3 years. Its validity has been extended until December 31, 2021.

In addition, to ensure support for families with two children in 2018, the state is ready to pay targeted assistance from maternity capital to parents planning to give birth to a second and third child. Social financial assistance will be paid to needy families monthly based on the established minimum income level, which in 2018 is 10.5 thousand rubles. Payments stop when the child reaches 1.5 years.

Plus, the federal budget includes funding for regions where the birth rate is below average. It will be used to pay financial assistance for the third child until he reaches the age of 3 years. In 2017, 60 regions reached this threshold.

Housing for large families

For many working people, the housing issue is a limiting factor in the decision to have children. As part of the family support program in 2018, Putin approved the decision to subsidize mortgage loans above the 6% level. As shown world practice, such interest rate able to cope with the vast majority of families. Thanks to this, many Russian families will finally be able to realize their cherished dream in the coming years - to acquire their own living space.

To make housing affordable, the state is ready to compensate the difference between the current mortgage rate and the 6% mark. In the mortgage lending market, the weighted average rate is 10.05%. According to the program, the state is ready to take on more than 4% of the cost of the loan. The amounts will be reimbursed from federal funds.

The program covers parents with two or three children. It has a limited duration:

• with two children – 3 years;
• with three children – 5 years old.

If, by December 31, 2022, a family with two children has a third child at the end of the 3-year program period, the subsidy will be extended for another 5 years. In a situation where the third child is born after the end of the subsidy period, but no later than the end of 2022, the program again comes into force from the day of his birth.

It is expected that such governmental support will contribute to the successful solution of two problems at once: it will motivate people to have children and at the same time stimulate mortgage credit lending. After all, according to calculations think tank Today in Russia the number of working poor has reached a critical level of 12 million. At the same time, over 20 million residents of the country have long crossed the poverty threshold. With a well-planned national strategy, this figure will be reduced only in 6-8 years.