IN modern Russia there are many state forms support for different categories of citizens.

The institution of family is also actively supported by the state.

For example, in order to increase the level of demographics, it was launched in 2007 and is still functioning effectively to this day, despite the crisis.

And although the program has been in effect for a relatively long time, problems still arise. a large number of questions regarding its implementation.

The main provisions of this state support are set out in Federal Law No. 256-FZ of December 29, 2006"On additional measures state support families with children."

The essence of this program is to provide families who have given birth to or adopted a second and subsequent children, financial assistance. The right to receive MK applies to both women and men who have adopted children, provided that the birth of the second and subsequent child occurred in the period starting from July 1, 2007, and they had not previously exercised the right to additional measures of state support. The program applies only to Russian citizens.

In fact, the assistance obtained is very significant, since in small towns its amount is a third, or even half of the cost studio apartment. The size of the MK, although established by regulation, was indexed every year until 2017. So, having started in 2007 with 250,000 rubles, now it is RUB 453,026.

There is also a tendency to increase the options for its possible use, although at government meetings the issue of reducing some of the unclaimed options is periodically discussed.

In the meantime, they are legally enshrined following goals , for which MK can be used:

Rules for using funds for home improvement

The most popular expense item is improvement living conditions.

Many families use MC for the purpose of reconstruction of existing housing, or the acquisition of better housing than they already have, for the construction of a house, for the purchase of the remaining shares in already occupied residential premises, for the repayment of payments previously issued for the purchase of an apartment.

And only one “but” is inconvenient provided for by law– you can use this help only 3 years after the birth of the child, or after his adoption.

To begin with, to receive a state certificate, confirming your rights to these funds, you must submit a corresponding application to the Pension Fund branch at your place of residence or to the multifunctional center.

The application must be accompanied by following documents: passport, SNILS, birth certificates of all children, or court decisions on their adoption, a document confirming the citizenship of the child (if one of his parents is not a citizen of the Russian Federation).

There is a period of 30 days for issuing the certificate after submitting the application. You can also receive it by mail.

Buying a house or apartment

The general algorithm of actions when purchasing housing using MK funds is not much different from the usual purchase of a residential property.

However, there are also features that we will focus on.

Firstly, real estate should be located on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Secondly, another subject appears in civil law relations - Pension Fund . You will have to go there more than once. First, for the purpose of obtaining a certificate, then for preliminary approval of the selected property and verification of documents (for your confidence in the future approval of the disposal of funds), and, finally, confirmation of the emergence of ownership rights in order to receive funds or transfer them to the seller.

Thirdly, another feature of purchasing housing using MK funds is that it conditions for installment payment appear. The Pension Fund, in order to avoid the risks of suspension of registration of the buyer's right, or refusal to register it, transfers funds only after the submission of documents confirming the emergence of the buyer's right. Therefore, the contract must include clauses containing a description of the procedure for settlement with the seller, conditions, terms. And since payment of the contract price in terms of MK funds occurs after state registration rights of buyers, then a mortgage arises by force of law in favor of the seller - an encumbrance that guarantees the fulfillment of your obligation to pay the price of the residential premises to the seller. After paying the seller, do not rush to part with him and lose his phone number. After the calculation, you will need to contact the registration authority or the MFC with applications for mortgage repayment. Usually, when accepting documents, specialists notify you of this. But there are cases when people realize it too late and cannot find a seller to pay off the debt. In this case, the only option left is judicial procedure.

Fourthly, right to a residential property must . The state thus protects the interests of children. Until children reach adulthood, it is unlikely that parents will not purchase other housing for their children, since the consent of the guardianship and trusteeship authorities is required to dispose of the property of minors. And it's not that simple. If, when purchasing an apartment, the corresponding share is not registered for minors, then you are obliged to draw up guarantee obligation at the notary.

Repaying a loan from a bank

It is also possible to use funds for repayment of an existing loan. And this should be exactly mortgage. The number of credits and loans for which MK funds can be used to pay is not limited by law.

Main conditions this option:

To use funds due to you in this way, you will need to contact to the Pension Fund branch with the following documents:

• An extract from the Unified State Register of Real Estate confirming the registration of your rights to the property;
• A certificate from the credit institution about the amount of the principal debt, as well as interest on the loan;
• Loan agreement or other confirmation of receiving a loan, which will specifically indicate the purpose of the loan Money.

At positive decision in your case, the Pension Fund transfers funds to your credit account within 2 months, although it happens that the transfer takes up to 3 months.

Construction of a residential building

For this you will need another set of documents:

Transfer of funds happens in two parts. First, the advance payment is 50% of the MK amount, then the second part after 6 months, upon provision of documents confirming the completion of the main work.

Not everyone knows that it is possible to get compensation for an already built house. In this case, documents will be submitted to the Pension Fund confirming the emergence of your rights not only to land plot, but also for a residential building and a building permit. These objects must be registered as the property of the certificate owner or his spouse.

Carrying out repair work

Many families would like to use MK funds for apartment renovation, however, such an expense item is not provided for by law. The legislator added in 2010 the right to reconstruction of residential buildings and apartments , so perhaps the article overhaul will also appear if the program remains in effect.

During reconstruction, the technical parameters of the object, its external contours and configuration change. In particular, reconstruction includes changes in the number of floors, height, and area of ​​living space. An example of reconstruction in our cases would be the construction of a residential extension, the conversion of an attic into a living space, or the combination of several objects. Since when reconstructing residential buildings, as well as apartments in houses for two owners, or apartments in apartment buildings Major changes are taking place and a building (reconstruction) permit is required.

In this case, you will need to submit to the Pension Fund following documents:

• Documents confirming the rights to the land plot, as when building a house;
• Appropriate permission to carry out housing reconstruction work;
• Documents confirming the emergence of your or your spouse’s ownership of a residential building or apartment;
• A notarized obligation to re-register the reconstructed housing as the property of all family members;
• A document confirming that the applicant has a bank account and containing its details.

Procedure for transferring funds at your expense in this situation is the same as when sending MK to build a house. First 50%, and the translation of the second part after 6 months, when the main work has been carried out.

Please note that repayment of loans for reconstruction using MK funds is possible, but do not count on early repayment until the child reaches 3 years of age. This option is provided exclusively for repayment mortgage loans for the construction and purchase of housing.

ABOUT latest changes In order to allocate financial assistance from the state, see the following video:

How to improve living conditions using maternity capital? What ways to improve living conditions are popular in 2019? Is it possible to spend mat capital on housing needs for up to 3 years?

Greetings to all readers of our site! Economist and expert Eduard Stembolsky is in touch.

The topic of today's article is the use of maternity capital to improve housing conditions.

This material will be especially relevant for families with two or more children, as well as for parents planning to have a second child.

I suggest you start studying the article, go ahead, friends!

1. Features of using mat capital to improve housing conditions

The appearance of a second (third, fourth) child in a family is a real holiday for loving parents. It’s great when you already have a spacious and comfortable home, with enough space for both children and mom and dad.

Unfortunately, this situation for average citizens of the Russian Federation is the exception rather than the rule. Usually, with the birth of a second baby, there is an urgent need to increase living space. Not all families are able to solve this problem on their own.

That is why in 2007 the Russian Government launched a unique program to help families with two or more children. Project " Maternal capital“has been successfully operating for almost 10 years: during this period, thousands of parents have already taken advantage of government subsidies to improve their well-being and living conditions.

According to the Pension Fund (the organization that manages the funds family capital), the purchase and construction of housing is the most popular area for using state assets.

This fact is not surprising, especially if we take into account the lack of affordable and at the same time high-quality housing in large Russian cities. It is also true that the amount of maternal capital, even taking into account indexation, is not enough to buy a full-fledged new house and apartment.

However, the money secured by the certificate can become a kind of leverage that will move the matter forward. After all, family capital can be used not only to purchase new apartments, but also to open mortgage loans.

Let's list everything legal ways using maternal capital to improve housing status:

• purchasing an apartment, house, room under a sales contract;
• construction of a private house on your own or with the help of contractors (including reimbursement of costs for already constructed housing);
• reconstruction of a house - changing its technical parameters (area, height, number of living rooms);
• payments on a loan taken for purchase or construction;
• mortgage payments (including repayment of the down payment);
• payment for rights to equity participation in construction;
• payment of the entrance fee for a participant in a housing construction cooperative.

Before investing in these areas, you must obtain consent from the Pension Fund. Until the employees of this institution give the go-ahead, certificate holders have no right to manage finances.

Pension Fund employees are required to personally verify whether the purchased housing complies with established standards and check the legal integrity of the transaction.

The purchased property must satisfy two main conditions: it must be located on the territory of the Russian Federation and be a full-fledged residential property with all amenities. Dilapidated and dilapidated housing, worn out by more than 50%, cannot be purchased for maternal capital.

Example

The Pension Fund is unlikely to issue permission to purchase a country house, but if you change the status of the building and document it, you can achieve a positive decision.

To do this, you need to make the house a full-fledged residential facility - arrange communications, establish heat supply and provide residents (primarily children) with maximum comfort.

And one more nuance - you can buy or build housing on the MSK only if it becomes the property of the whole family. If it is impossible to immediately allocate the shares of the children and spouse, the owner of the certificate draws up a written obligation to do this after purchasing the apartment (house).

Latest news on the topic:

By decision of Vladimir Putin, the maternity capital program was extended until 2022. Moreover, significant changes have been made to the implementation.

In particular, now the means state aid can be used not only for educational needs and improvement of living conditions, but also for obtaining monthly allowance in the period from the birth of the child to the age of 1.5 years. The amount of monthly payments depends on the amount living wage in the region and is equal to approximately 10,000 rubles.

Video on the topic:

Method 3. Buying a private house or cottage

Buying a private house is not much different from buying an apartment with family money. Except that the requirements for housing are more stringent. And it is not always possible to find a buyer willing to accept payment in maternal capital assets.

In general, this is a very promising investment, since the modern house frame type is inexpensive, can be built quickly and lasts for hundreds of years.

Some banks offer exclusive products for large and young families - loans under MSK for new frame and foam concrete houses built in the suburbs by contractors.

Method 5. Housing reconstruction

Reconstruction is a qualitative improvement in the technical characteristics of a house. This includes increasing the area, adding floors, turning the attic into an attic.

You can ask for money for reconstruction in advance or try to reimburse the costs after the work has been completed. In the latter case, you need to formalize the reconstruction and keep receipts for purchased materials and equipment.

Replacement of pipes, parquet flooring and others Finishing work are not considered reconstruction and, by law, cannot be paid for with maternal capital funds.

We have collected all the ways to change the status of housing in a comparative table:

№	Methods	Advantages	Flaws
1	Apartment purchase	You can buy an apartment in new buildings or secondary housing	Not all developers work with mother capital
2	Mortgage under maternity capital	You don't have to wait until your child's third birthday	Not all banks issue mortgages using family money
3	Buying a house	Can be purchased relatively inexpensively new house Full construction	Not all sellers are ready to accept MSK as payment
4	Construction	You can build it yourself or with the help of professionals	Not all contractors are ready to wait for transfers from the Pension Fund
5	Housing reconstruction	A simple way to increase the area of ​​your home and change its status	All work must be strictly regulated

4. Which banks can you take out a loan to purchase housing from - a list of banks with favorable conditions

Not all financial organizations work with family money. During the crisis, the number of such companies was reduced to a minimum.

We have selected the five most reliable banks that will help families solve their housing problems:

1. Sberbank– offers mortgages for the purchase of housing in the primary and secondary markets.
2. Bank of Moscow– a company with the most attractive conditions for holders of maternal capital.
3. – flexible terms, paying off the down payment on a mortgage or principal.
4. VTB 24– offers the “Mortgage + MSK = Apartment” program.
5. Bank opening– allows you to purchase apartments in new buildings or pay for participation in shared construction

The interest rate in most banks is standard - 12-14%. Loan repayment terms range from 5 to 50 years.

5. Conclusion

Let's summarize. Improving the quality of life with the help of maternal capital is a very real prospect for families eligible for state benefits.

When buying an apartment (house), it is important for parents to weigh all the pros and cons of their decision - after all, family capital is issued to a family once. It is not necessary to spend all the funds - perhaps in the future they will be needed to pay for education or other needs.

In order to stimulate demographic growth, the state is introducing various programs designed to provide social assistance population, solve a number of financial, medical and housing problems related to the birth and upbringing of children. Maternity capital can be used to improve housing conditions by any family that has a second, third, or subsequent child, but it can only be used once.

Using the certificate when solving housing issues

The maternity capital program was introduced in 2007 and has been successfully used for many years. Officially, the program is valid until 2018, but the government is discussing the possibility of extending this project.

Statistics show that the majority of family certificates are aimed specifically at improving living conditions within the framework of the rules provided by law. In fact, real estate is the most serious of family acquisitions, requiring a significant amount of savings. Often families cannot raise funds even for a down payment on a mortgage and the dream of owning their own home seems unrealistic.

The Family Capital program is designed to help those in need to improve their housing, allowing them to manage funds from the state budget as follows:

1. Buying an apartment (secondary sector and new buildings).
2. Construction of a residential building (independently or using a contract).
3. Reconstruction of a residential building with improvement of the technical characteristics of the object (area, height, insulation of rooms, landscaping).
4. Partial or full repayment of an existing mortgage.
5. Redemption targeted loan for housing construction.
6. Purchase of rights equity participation in a facility under construction.
7. Payment of a contribution upon joining a housing cooperative.

If you intend to spend money on solving housing problems, it is recommended to first obtain a family certificate from the Pension Fund of Russia (Pension Fund of Russia), giving the right to use maternal capital.

In addition, in the process of organizing actions to improve housing, it will be necessary to undergo additional coordination with the fund to ensure that the chosen disposal route complies with the options permitted by law.

Apartment purchase

The most popular and easiest way is to use public funds when buying a home. In this case, it is necessary to have a sufficient amount of your own savings, which would allow you to conclude an agreement to purchase an apartment. This method is only suitable if you did not participate in raising funds for the purchase. credit organizations and the property was not pledged to the bank.

Unfortunately, this method has a significant drawback - not all sellers agree to wait for 2 months until the Pension Fund considers the application of the certificate holder and transfers the funds. In addition, there is a risk of refusal to allocate funds from the budget for the purchase of this object real estate.

Buying a private house or cottage

Families living in rural areas, are more interested in buying their own residential home. Scheme of program implementation in in this case similar to sending funds to purchase an apartment. When planning to purchase a house, you should study in advance the requirements for residential buildings by the Pension Fund. There is also a risk of refusal to transfer funds at the stage of completing the transaction.

Security measures should be taken by checking with the Pension Fund which building will be considered as a worthy option to improve the living conditions of the whole family.

TO general requirements real estate includes:

• classifying the building as suitable for habitation;
• housing cannot be recognized as dilapidated or subject to demolition;
• location of the object - only within the Federal District.

Credit institutions willingly participate in such social programs, offering, in the absence of funds, to use targeted loans.

House construction and reconstruction

Frequent cases of channeling funds include the construction of residential buildings or the reconstruction of existing ones. At the same time, it is possible to use contractors to carry out construction work or independent actions. When hiring workers for construction, funds from maternity capital will go directly to the account of the organization that performed the work, bypassing the certificate holders.

The scheme for realizing capital when building a house yourself is somewhat different:

1. Having received a plot of land for construction, the certificate holder receives permission for construction work.
2. An application is submitted to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation with a package of documents attached and an indication of your current account for future transfers.
3. The Pension Fund reviews the application and, after a two-month period, transfers the first tranche in the amount of 50% of the capital amount to the bank account.
4. After the walls are erected, the foundation is laid, and the roof is covered, the family receives a document confirming the fact of construction.
5. An application for the second tranche with the balance of the amount is re-submitted to the Pension Fund, but this can be done no earlier than six months after the application is submitted to the fund.

Housing reconstruction work involves the implementation of construction work with changes in the basic characteristics of housing for improvement. After reconstruction, the house should have additional living space, rooms should be insulated, and the living conditions of the whole family should be otherwise improved.

Mortgage under mother capital

Not all families have the opportunity to make significant expenses on purchasing housing or building a house due to lack of savings. This forces citizens to turn to banks for mortgage loans. The use of maternity capital will significantly reduce financial obligations family, because budget resources can be used to repay existing mortgage or as a down payment.

A special feature of channeling capital into a mortgage is that there is no need to wait for the child in respect of whom the right to maternity capital has turned 3 years old.

Improving living conditions using maternity capital is a common concern of modern large families. We will tell you in the article how you can improve your living conditions using maternity capital funds.

Ways to spend maternity capital on housing

Improve the standard of living conditions by cash assistance state in the form of maternity capital in several ways. Article 10 of the Federal Law “On additional measures of state support for families with children” dated December 29, 2006 No. 256-FZ offers citizens these types of increasing living space for maternity capital (improving housing conditions).

1. Buying a finished apartment or house.
2. Purchasing housing with the help of a bank.
3. Acquisition of an apartment as a result of participation in shared construction of a house.
4. Construction (reconstruction) of a home independently or with the help of construction companies.

You can also buy a room using government assistance, but only if it is the room that is being sold. That is, in such a transaction, according to the documents, one room should appear, and not part of a house or apartment. It must be borne in mind that purchasing part of the home with the help of family capital is possible only in one case: if in the end the entire home becomes the property of the family.

Features of using maternity capital for the purchase of housing

No matter how a family achieves improved housing conditions using maternity capital, it is almost always possible to talk about subsequent reimbursement of funds. This means that always (the only exception is the construction of a home on one’s own) a transaction for the purchase of housing is first drawn up, the agreement is registered in established by law order, and then the family turns to the Pension Fund to manage state aid funds.

All payment nuances associated with engaging the services of the Pension Fund are discussed by the parties in documents, primarily in the contract. If payment under the contract is not received, the document may be terminated in accordance with applicable laws.

Don't know your rights?

Housing purchased (constructed) with the expectation of maternal capital must be registered in the ownership (ownership) of all family members. If it is impossible to immediately allocate shares to parents and children, then one of the parents gives an obligation to complete such actions within six months. The obligation represents separate document, which is drawn up by a notary and submitted to the Pension Fund.

The housing on which the capital will be spent must be geographically located in Russia. The home must be suitable for living. By purchasing a dilapidated, dilapidated or simply unfurnished building, a family risks being rejected by the Pension Fund and not receiving payment.

Buy housing for maternal capital. Pay the mortgage with maternity capital

The easiest way to improve your living conditions using maternity capital is to buy real estate. Since money from the certificate is not issued in cash, and the use of maternity capital funds occurs through a non-cash transfer from the Pension Fund account to the current account of the apartment seller, the main task of the family is to find a person who agrees to wait 2 months for payment under the contract.

If the seller does not agree to wait for the buyer to pay, you can take out a loan to buy an apartment or house, which you can then repay with maternity capital. The bank has no obligation to issue such a loan, and the decision to issue a loan is made on a general basis, based on the citizen’s solvency.

Important: since the spring of 2015, loans taken from microfinance organizations are not repaid with maternity capital funds. Therefore, if you need a loan to improve your living conditions using maternity capital, you need to contact the bank. You can also pay with capital for a loan taken earlier, even before the adoption of the law on maternity capital. The main thing is that the loan is targeted, that is, taken specifically for the purchase of a home. Simple consumer loan The pension fund will not pay.

After registering the purchase agreement with Rosreestr, in order to dispose of maternal capital accumulations, you need to contact the Pension Fund at your place of residence. You need to take the following documents with you:

1. Parents' passports, marriage (or divorce) certificate, certificate of maternity capital, SNILS of the applicant.
2. Copies of the purchase agreement, mortgage agreements, loan agreement with the bank (if the loan is being repaid), agreement on shared participation in construction (if the apartment is in share ownership).
3. A document about the amount of debt from the bank (if a mortgage) or from the developer (if “addition”).
4. Certificate of home ownership (if issued).
5. An obligation to allocate shares, executed by a notary.

Build with maternity capital funds

Download resolution

Improve living conditions using maternity capital You can not only buy real estate, but also build a new house or reconstruct an old one. The costs of both construction and reconstruction can be covered by maternity capital funds. Please note that, in the understanding of the law, reconstruction is a refurbishment of a home, as a result of which the living area will increase by no less than one accounting standard established by the regional authorities. You cannot spend capital on repairs, even major ones.

You can use maternity capital money both for the construction (reconstruction) of housing on your own, and with the involvement of specialized companies. If the family is being built independently, then state aid is transferred to a bank account in 2 stages. First 50% of the capital amount and after 6 months - the balance. To receive money, you need to provide the Pension Fund with documents according to the list.

1. To receive your first payment:

• document confirming the right to the land on which construction is taking place;
• for construction;
• bank account details for transferring money;
• if the house is to be rebuilt, then a document confirming the title to the house;
• a notarial obligation to allocate shares in housing to all family members after construction;
• parents' passports, marriage document, capital certificate.

To receive the remaining funds:

• an inspection report that will prove that construction or reconstruction work was carried out;
• bank account number for transferring money.

If a family is being built with the help of special organizations, or wishes to reimburse expenses already incurred for construction or reconstruction, Pension Fund employees must provide:

1. A document confirming the right to the land where housing is built.
2. Construction permit.
3. Agreement construction contract between one of the parents and a specialized organization.
4. In the case of reconstruction - a document on the right to the building that was rebuilt. Ownership must be registered from 01/01/2007 and later. If by 01/01/2007 the house had already been reconstructed, then ownership can be registered earlier.
5. Bank account details (details) for transferring money.
6. An inspection report that will confirm the increase in the living space of the house due to reconstruction by at least the accounting norm established by law.
7. The obligation to allocate property to all family members.
8. Parents' passports and marriage (divorce) certificate.

Among all the purposes of using maternity capital, improving housing conditions is beyond competition. There are several options here, all with limitations. But if there is a goal, it is quite possible to adapt to the requirements of the law.

How can you improve your living conditions with the help of maternity capital?

The rules for using payments are subject to the following regulations:

• Federal Law of December 29, 2006 N 256-FZ “On additional measures of state support for families with children” (Article 10);
• Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 12, 2007 N 862 “On the Rules for allocating funds (part of the funds) of maternity (family) capital to improve housing conditions.”

The law allows the use of maternity capital for the following purposes:

• Purchase of finished housing - a house, apartment or share thereof.
• Mortgage - payment of a down payment or monthly payments. You can buy an apartment, a house, housing under construction - anything that can be agreed upon with the bank.
• Investment in an apartment in a building under construction. This is possible in the form of participation in shared construction (214-FZ) or joining a housing-construction cooperative (Chapter 11 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation) or a housing-savings cooperative (215-FZ).
• Construction, completion, reconstruction of a private residential building. The work can be carried out on your own or under a construction contract.

It is impossible to renovate an apartment using maternity capital. The rules imply an increase in living space, not its quality.

Money can go towards one goal or several. The amount is limited to what is written on the certificate. Or the one that is needed for the stated purpose and is confirmed by documents. You can spend less, but you can spend more only from your savings.

The person in whose name the certificate is issued manages the capital funds - most often this is the mother. And the Pension Fund controls the transfer and use of money.

The certificate is issued in the name of the mother - she manages the funds

Conditions for spending maternity capital to improve housing conditions

The main conditions on which the deal is agreed upon are its legality, compliance with the rules and the result - additional square meters. Money is transferred only by bank transfer. They cannot be cashed out.

The main requirement for housing is that it must be located on the territory of the Russian Federation and be listed in the documents as residential premises. You won’t be able to buy, for example, apartments or garden house- any room where you cannot register. After registration of ownership, shares must be allocated to all family members - the housing will be in common shared ownership.

If there are doubts that the use of money will be agreed upon, it is better to contact the Pension Fund for advice before concluding an agreement. There you need to say the form of the transaction and which organization will be the recipient.

Table: terms and rules for spending maternity capital for various purposes

	Possible terms for using the subsidy	Recipient of maternity capital	Requirements and restrictions
Buying a ready-made apartment or house		Seller - individuals or legal entities	Housing must be suitable for living (not in emergency condition). This will be checked by the Pension Fund.
Mortgage	From the date of receipt of the right to payment	Bank	The bank must prove the ability to repay the balance of the loan. The housing will remain pledged until the borrower repays the full loan amount.
Share participation in construction	When 3 years have passed since the birth/adoption of a child (if borrowed funds are not attracted)	Construction company or bank	Ownership will only appear after the house is completed.
Construction of a private house with the help of a construction company	When 3 years have passed since the birth/adoption of a child (if borrowed funds are not attracted)	Contractor company	The mother or her husband must own the plot, lease it, or have the rights of lifelong inheritable ownership or perpetual use. You cannot buy it with a subsidy. The purpose of the land is for individual housing construction. Building permit required.
Construction and renovation of a private house on your own	50% - when 3 years have passed since the birth/adoption of a child, 50% after a report on the work performed	Certificate owner

Video: maternity capital for the purchase of housing - opportunities and prohibitions

Choosing the best method: pros and cons

Let's start with buying an apartment. Housing in a building under construction will be cheaper. And the closer the project is due for completion, the higher the price will be. But the risk is proportional. It is due to the fact that the house will never be delivered or the quality will leave much to be desired. It’s good if the developer works according to 214-FZ - this law gives maximum guarantees to the shareholder.

Construction defects can be completely unexpected. For example, my friends bought an apartment in a building under construction in St. Petersburg. The arguments were price, good layout and convenient location. When most of the residents moved in, it turned out that all three elevators were constantly breaking down. One was eventually turned off. Not a day goes by without calling a repair team. But the workers say that this will continue - poor quality construction. The scale of the problem will be clearer if we add that the building has 25 floors, and there is no space for strollers below.

Another argument for making a decision is the period of use of the subsidy. You don’t have to wait the required 3 years if housing is purchased with the help of credit funds. And this is an overpayment. If you don’t have enough funds to buy without installments, then the choice is obvious. The main difficulty is for the bank to approve the mortgage, that is, confirmation of solvency is needed. Until the loan is fully repaid, the apartment cannot be sold, exchanged, or allocated shares in it.

But if you have enough savings and subsidies for an apartment, you don’t always want to wait - inflation depreciates the value of money. There is a way out: take out a loan or a short-term mortgage against maternity capital - the overpayment will be from 40,000. Whether this is profitable must be considered individually. But a regular consumer loan cannot be repaid with a subsidy.

The state is actively fighting against cashing out maternity capital. One of the steps in this direction is to exclude the participation of microfinance organizations. Perhaps this is to the benefit of parents - there have been cases when, due to unscrupulous creditors, families found themselves in debt and without subsidies. Nowadays, a loan to improve housing conditions can only be taken out at a consumer credit cooperative, and even then not at every one. The organization must be included in the register of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and have been operating on the market for at least 3 years.

Loans for maternity capital are for those who don’t want to wait 3 years

The law does not prohibit the repurchase of a share, but the difficulty is that the Pension Fund does not always approve such transactions. If the seller is close relative, officials fear that there will be no real improvement in living conditions: the family will simply spend the money and everyone will stay where they were before. The fact that this will not happen will have to be convinced. Perhaps in court - there have been such cases. There will be no questions if you buy your neighbors’ room in a communal apartment.

With the construction and reconstruction of a house, it is important to correctly calculate finances and opportunities. The amount only seems large, but in reality the money goes away very quickly. The convenient thing is that you don’t need to report to the Pension Fund on specific expenses. But if the construction is carried out on your own, the payment is split in half. And to get the second part, you need to report on what has already been done. There is no such requirement with building contractors.

No matter how many of my friends started building a house, they never met the initial estimate. Materials became more expensive, they forgot to calculate some things, changed others, and did not take into account the cost of paperwork. As a result, construction is delayed. And it’s good if because of this you don’t have to pay for temporary rental housing.

How to obtain and use maternity capital for new housing

Maternity capital can be used only after the property has been purchased and concluded loan agreement or a building permit has been obtained. Until then, there are only guarantees. The transfer of money to the recipient is approved by the Pension Fund, where supporting documents are submitted.

Maternity capital: how to receive and manage

The right to obtain a certificate appears immediately after the birth or adoption of a child. To do this, the mother applies to the Pension Fund office at her place of registration or to the MFC with her passport and all the children’s birth certificates. There she writes an application, and a month later she receives a completed document. If it’s difficult to come yourself, you can entrust this to a representative.

When you have chosen the method of using the subsidy, you must once again contact the Pension Fund or MFC and submit an application for disposal of maternity capital.

The application is filled out according to the standard form of the Pension Fund

The following must be submitted along with the application:

• passport;
• marriage certificate, if the application is submitted by the husband;
• an extract from the Unified State Register for new housing, if it has already been issued;
• a written obligation to allocate shares if they cannot yet be allocated;
• documents on a real estate transaction (which ones will depend on the form of use of maternity capital).

Applications can also be submitted remotely - through your personal account on the Pension Fund of Russia or Gosuslugi website. But this still does not cancel a personal visit. It is scheduled for a specific time no later than 5 days after treatment electronic form. This is convenient only because you don’t have to stand in line.

The application is considered for a month. And within 10 days from the date of the decision, the money will be transferred to the recipient. All procedures at the Pension Fund are free for the applicant.

Buying an apartment or house

A purchase and sale agreement is drawn up for the property. Property rights are registered in Rosreestr or MFC - you need to come there with the seller and submit an application. Shares are immediately allocated to family members. The registration period will take up to 9 days, and the service costs 2,000 rubles.

The contract must contain a clause stating that part is paid by maternity capital. You can donate your funds immediately, but you will have to wait for the transfer of the subsidy.

The conditions for using maternity capital are described in the payment clause

Along with the application, a purchase and sale agreement, an extract from the Unified State Register and a certificate of the balance to be paid, if part has already been paid, are submitted to the Pension Fund. After approval, the money will be transferred to the seller.

The procedure for purchasing a share is almost the same. The initial difference is that the consent of all apartment owners will be required. If it is not there, the rights will not be registered. The purchase and sale agreement goes through a notary, who then submits an application to Rosreestr. All that remains is to obtain an extract from the Unified State Register and coordinate the transfer of money with the Pension Fund.

Mortgage with maternity capital

An application for a mortgage loan can be submitted to any selected bank or several at once. The conditions need to be clarified at the initial stage: is it possible to use the subsidy for a down payment, what is the minimum own funds, whether there is a special programs and benefits.

The bank reviews the application for at least 24 hours, maximum - several days. The applicant receives a written answer on the conditions under which he can be given a loan: amount, term, interest rate. This means personal loan offer, but not yet an obligation to conclude an agreement. The chances of approval depend primarily on solvency and credit history. At the end of payments, the borrower's age must be no more than 75 years.

If the conditions suit both parties, a mortgage agreement. When you go to the bank, you need to take with you:

• passport - yours and co-borrowers, if any;
• marriage or divorce certificate;
• children's birth certificates;
• original maternity certificate and account statement (this can be obtained from the Pension Fund);
• confirmation of employment and solvency (copy of work book, 2-NDFL certificate or bank form, certificate of other regular payments);
• other documents required by the bank for a mortgage.

Certificate 2-NDFL confirms the salary amount, it is issued at work

The borrower takes out real estate and life insurance - as a rule, this is a mandatory condition of the mortgage. The rights to the apartment are registered with a mortgage encumbrance. After this, you can apply the received documents to the Pension Fund to manage the subsidy. And it’s better not to delay this, especially if it comes as a down payment - deadlines transfers are specified in the contract.

A separate account is opened at the bank for the mortgage, where the money will go. Maternity capital will be transferred to it. An initial fee will be written off immediately. If it was decided to use the subsidy to pay off payments, the entire amount is distributed according to the schedule - after the money arrives, it will change.

Video: a story about maternity capital for a down payment on a mortgage

Construction and reconstruction of a house

Before starting work, you must obtain from the administration urban plan plot, draw up a house project, and then get a building permit (in the name of one of the parents). It will be issued by the administration of the district where the site is located. The application review period is 30 days.

The Pension Fund will require the following documents:

• documents on rights to a land plot (on ownership, lease, etc.);
• building permit;
• construction contract (if a contractor is involved);
• a certificate from the bank about opening an account in the name of the mother - money will be transferred there (if the construction is carried out independently).

There is no need to confirm specific costs for the work. It is enough for the state that permission has been obtained.

Ownership rights can be obtained after the administration accepts the house. Officials will check that no construction or sanitary standards have been violated and will issue permission for commissioning. After that, everything is standard: registration in Rosreestr, allocation of shares.

Video: building a house on your own using maternity capital

Share participation in construction

Before concluding a contract, you need to check the developer’s documents. At a minimum, he must have the rights to the land and construction, an agreed upon house project with a completion date. Plus official information about the apartment: layout, area, floor - all this will appear in the contract.

Until the house is built, ownership of the apartment cannot be registered. At this stage, an agreement on shared participation in construction (DDU) is concluded. It gives you the right to register the apartment in your name in the future. How to pay - immediately, in installments or with a mortgage - is decided by agreement. The agreement is registered in Rosreestr. With a copy of it and a statement of payments to the developer, they contact the Pension Fund, and he transfers the maternity capital.

There will be another visit to the registrar when the house is put into operation. The finished apartment becomes the property of the family, and everyone is given shares in it.

How to allocate shares to children in a new apartment

The law requires that shares in the ownership of real estate be allocated to all family members, but does not stipulate their size. This remains at the discretion of the parents: you can give everyone equally, but you can not.

Shares are allowed to be allocated when there is full right to the property. When buying an apartment, it is most convenient to do this immediately when registering with Rosreestr. But it is possible later - the law allows for this 6 months from the date of filing an application for disposal of maternity capital.

There are two forms by which shares can be transferred: agreement of owners and donation. If the property is individually owned, in both options they apply directly to Rosreestr or the MFC. If it’s a shared property, everything is formalized through a notary.

The agreement is signed by all adult family members

But there are situations when it is impossible to select shares:

• The property is mortgaged. They dispose of it after the end of payments.
• A contract for shared participation in construction has been drawn up. The right will appear after the object is put into operation and accepted by the buyer.
• Under construction a private house. Shares are allocated after complete registration of documents for it.

In such situations, an obligation to allocate shares is written no later than 6 months from the moment the right to do so becomes available. The document is drawn up by a notary, and the original is given to the Pension Fund. You will have to pay about 1,000 rubles for the service.

The obligation to allocate shares to family members is formalized by a notary

The fastest way to manage maternity capital is if you buy real estate with a mortgage or a loan - you don’t have to wait 3 years. The most economical way is to purchase housing under construction. You can combine this. Or invest money in your own home - a minimum of reporting to the state will be required. What is better to choose is up to the parents to decide.