The SME Development Strategy until 2030, along with the general strategic directions of work, sets very specific guidelines and sets specific goals that need to be achieved. This was stated by the Director of the Department for the Development of Small and Medium Enterprises and Competition of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia Maxim Parshin at the plenary session “Great demand for small businesses.” The event took place within the framework of the Russian Forum of Small and Medium Enterprises.
According to him, the Strategy is a synthesis of all proposals and ideas on measures for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, a kind of embodiment of the request from the business community for changes in the field of regulation and support of entrepreneurial activity.
He recalled that the road map for the implementation of the Strategy consists of 45 key positions. “We proceeded from the point of not reflecting current activities, activities implemented within the framework of previously given instructions or other program and strategic documents,” he noted. “The proposed measures are important at the moment in order to shift the situation and change the vector of development.”
It can be stated that a new agenda has been formed public policy in the field of supporting small and medium-sized enterprises, which is based on a long-term positive action program - Strategy.
Maxim Parshin noted that, together with the business community, the Strategy includes four target guidelines, the achievement of which will allow us to talk about reaching a new qualitative level of development of small and medium-sized businesses. In particular, this is a 2.5-fold increase in the turnover of small and medium-sized companies compared to 2014, a 2-fold increase in the turnover per employee in the sector compared to 2014, the share of the manufacturing industry in the turnover of SMEs from 11.8 to 20%, share of employed in total number employed population up to 35%.
According to the Director of the Department, in order to achieve target indicators, it is planned to identify within the Strategy key groups of enterprises to which it is planned to target the proposed solutions.
We are talking about two groups or sectors. The mass sector is enterprises specializing in trade and services. Such companies provide employment and increase the level of environmental comfort for citizens. And “high-tech” - small and medium-sized export-oriented enterprises in the areas of manufacturing and services, fast-growing, aimed at diversifying the economy and increasing its competitiveness.
At the beginning of this year, the Russian Ministry of Economic Development presented for general discussion the Concept of the Spatial Development Strategy of Russia, designed until 2030. The publication attracted public attention, since the Strategy, which is planned to be adopted this year, should have a great impact on the fate of Russia.
A chance to steer in the right direction
According to Dmitry Narinsky, Vice President of the Union of Architects of Russia (UAR), Chairman of the Urban Planning Council, this is in many ways an innovative document for the country. It is based on Russian national security strategies, social economic development and other federal laws and programs.
Steps to develop the Strategy have been taken for a long time. So, in 2012 – 2014 it was dealt with by the Ministry regional development. Later, this task was assigned to the Ministry of Economic Development, and the ministry entrusted the development of the concept to the Council for the Study of Productive Forces (COPS), which operates under the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Economic Development.
In the course of work on the Strategy over the past years, a number of documents have been adopted, in particular, Federal Law dated June 28, 2014 No. 172-FZ “On strategic planning in Russian Federation" This law provides an opportunity to approach the development of the country in a comprehensive manner, linking strategic, territorial, environmental objectives, sectoral planning, industrial construction, development of transport and energy frameworks, etc.
During Soviet times, similar programs were also developed. In 1999 in new Russia By Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 5, 1999 No. 370, the document “On the development and approval of the General Scheme of Settlement on the Territory of the Russian Federation and the Basic Provisions of the General Scheme of Settlement on the Territory of the Russian Federation” was adopted. But it turned out to be non-working, and was canceled by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 20, 2015 No. 870 “On the content, composition, procedure for developing and approving the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation, as well as on the procedure for monitoring and controlling its implementation.” Our country has developed chaotically over the past two decades, which ultimately led to the uncontrolled growth of several agglomerations, primarily Moscow, distortions in the development of medium and small cities and rural settlements. So the adoption of the Strategy is a chance for the country to steer in the right direction.
The document requires improvement
Experts have different assessments of the new Concept. Thus, at the discussion that took place at the meeting of the Urban Development Council of the SAR, many comments were made both on fundamental issues and on the wording used and on the style. As Dmitry Narinsky noted, scientists from various fields and scientific schools were involved in the discussion of the Concept - urban planners, architects, economists, geographers, economic geographers, transport workers, etc.
Natalia Zubarevich, director regional program Independent Institute social policy(Moscow), in general, considers the document necessary and important, but not very thoroughly worked out. As a positive fact, she noted that the Concept spells out three scenarios for the country’s development - a conservative one (that is, a continuation of the existing course of development), a scenario of competitive growth based on a model of polarized development with an emphasis on leading regions, and a scenario of diversified spatial growth, according to which All regions are developing, building on their existing potential. The institutional section and a number of others are well spelled out, but many amendments need to be made to the document, and a stricter approach to the terms and concepts used is required, since outdated, inaccurate formulations are used.
Galina Lebedinskaya, chief researcher at the TsNIIP of the Ministry of Construction of Russia, believes that the structure of the Concept is overcomplicated; it is not entirely clear what audience it is intended for: the general public, government agencies, or is it a working program for professional use. Each of these options involves its own approaches to preparing a document and argumentation. The presented Concept does not respond to main question– what to do with the country’s space? Lebedinskaya, like other experts who spoke, considers the weak point of the document to be the lack of graphic materials - maps, tables, etc.
– The concept provides for the development of about 20 main agglomerations, in the center of which, in addition to Moscow and the Moscow region and St. Petersburg, are Krasnodar, Kazan, Yekaterinburg, the main Siberian cities, Vladivostok, etc., and the emphasis is not on expanding urban areas, but on the effective use of already mastered,” says Ilya Zalivukhin, General Director of the company "Yauzaproekt". – Important gains the development of transport connections both within agglomerations and in the country as a whole.
According to Alexander Epstein, Deputy Director for Science of the State Unitary Enterprise "Research and Design Institute of Urban Planning" of the Moscow Region, the weak point of the Concept is that it is focused on the economy, and not on people and the quality of human capital, it pays little attention to environmental problems, it turns out to be consumerist in relation to resources. The Concept states that Russia should move away from a resource-based economy, but, contrary to the declared goals, the emphasis is on the development of resource-producing regions, and not on the processing of raw materials.
Dispute between economists and urban planners: who is right?
A heated discussion of resettlement problems took place at a seminar organized by the Interdisciplinary Working Group on Settlement at the Union of Architects of Russia. Economists and urban planners met at the discussion, and the dispute flared up around the fate of medium-sized and small Russian cities and rural settlements.
Presented a report Oleg Grigoriev, scientific director of the Research Center "Neoconomics". In his opinion, historically it has developed that in the concepts of “economy” and “settlement” the economy is primary, and it determines the processes of settlement. In Soviet times, the territory of the country was developed according to our own laws, cities and settlements appeared where they should not have been, therefore, in market conditions, there is an outflow of population from them. Concerning Agriculture, where several hundred people used to cope, now 15–20 people are needed, and even those often come to work from the nearest city, so villages and villages are emptying. Today the situation in Russia is as follows: from rural areas The active part of the population travels to the nearest small town, from there to the regional center, from there to Moscow, and from Moscow abroad. Is it possible and necessary to stop this process? Cities are money catchers, they attract an active part of the population, but cities in Russia are also “deflated”, many of them lose population to such an extent that they become bankrupt, and there is no need to be afraid of bankruptcies of economically ineffective cities.
However, according to Evgenia Markova, President of the Union of Small Cities of Russia, small and medium-sized cities of Russia find themselves in a difficult situation not because the country does not need them, many of them have existed for hundreds of years, and they have not experienced and been revived during such periods. And they are emptying not because people don’t want to live in them, but because businesses here have closed, residents have been deprived of their jobs, and the surrounding lands and forests have been taken away. People, not because of a good life, go to Moscow and other large cities, cutting off ties and leaving their families. They even came up with the term “controlled demographic compression”, someone calls it “uncontrollable compression of the developed space”, in other words, Russian territories are being devastated, and this will not lead to anything good. It is necessary to stop the trend of population overconcentration in the Moscow region and St. Petersburg, which threatens Russia’s national security.
Small and medium-sized cities are the framework of the country, national treasure and wealth, and it is impossible to compare economically a city and an enterprise; they live by different laws and have different meanings for the country.
He expressed his agreement with these words Mark Gurary, Deputy Chairman of the Council for Urban Development of Moscow of the Union of Moscow Architects, stating that if the people do not want to develop their territory, then others will develop it.
“Currently, I don’t see any trouble with the cities, they are getting back on their feet, some of them are either stagnant or on the rise,” he believes Alexander Lola, Head of the National Medical Center for Urban Studies of the Central Scientific Research Institute of IP of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation, UN-Habitat expert on human settlements. – There is no need to expect that cities will be revived by large industry, jobs will be created by small industries, as well as industries that were previously considered service industries will become city-forming ones, that is, cities, or rather agglomerations, metropolises, will develop at the expense of internal reserves. The goal of such a program as the Spatial Development Strategy is to help develop the right guidelines for development. To be honest, I don’t really believe that the Strategy will radically transform our country. But let's hope for the best.
The main thing in the concept of the Ministry of Economic Development is to increase the connectivity of territories in the main settlement zone and create support centers where density is low.
Elena Chuguevskaya,
Director of the Department of Strategic and Territorial Planning of the Ministry of Economic Development
Increasing the connectivity of the vast territory of Russia and the creation of support centers in the zone of focal settlement will become key directions of the strategy for spatial development of Russia until 2035. It will serve as a “territorial integrator” of two strategies - national security and long-term socio-economic development.
Elena Chuguevskaya, director of the Department of Strategic and Territorial Planning of the Ministry of Economic Development, told Free Economy about the main approaches to the strategy and what it can change.
What is spatial strategy
“Free Economy”: Elena Stanislavovna, why is this strategy needed?
ELENA CHUGUEVSKAYA: We are only at the beginning of the path to modern strategic planning of the country's spatial development.
At the level of a region, city, municipal district, comprehensive territorial planning documents are being developed, and at the Russian level, basic infrastructure is represented only by sectoral schemes. There were no maps in the strategic documents of territorial development; we did not see the synergistic effect that the territory should receive.
Society always exists in the form of a territorial organization formed by a system of settlements, and how the state should treat it, what priorities should be identified, how to ensure transport connectivity of the territory, the quality of the living environment, how to prioritize budget support - these are all questions of the spatial development strategy as a tool existing in all leading countries of the world. It became clear that we also needed a document integrator.
"VE": You analyzed Foreign experience?
About the concept of spatial development
It was introduced into the legal field in 2014; the government approved the requirements for its content in 2015. It must determine the priorities of the economy in regional aspect, ensure the sustainability of the settlement system and additional points of access to foreign markets. We must “see” our neighbors, understand Russia’s place in the global distribution economic activity. At the end of October, the Ministry of Economic Development will present a draft strategy for expert discussion; it is planned to be adopted in 2018. The last such document in our country was the General Settlement Scheme of the Russian Federation in 1994, but it in full was never implemented
E.Ch.: We have studied the documents strategic planning the most different countries. For example, the European Union is now preparing a second spatial development strategy. The economic space of Europe is concentrated in the “Pentagon” - a zone outlined within the boundaries of London - Paris - Milan - Munich - Hamburg. This is only a quarter of the area of the European Union, but 75% of its GDP is concentrated there, and this is certainly a problem from the point of view of spatial organization. Moreover, such concentration originated at the end of the 18th century, during the industrial revolution.
And so, in the context of a significant expansion of the European Union, they decided that they needed to rely on a polycentric model of organizing space, on “growing” other centers of gravity. The EU strategy involves the implementation of complex territorial projects: this is the “Baltic Region”, which, interestingly, includes St. Petersburg, Leningrad region and Karelia, this is the “Atlantic Arc” (Western Front of the EU) along the Atlantic coast, as well as the “Latin Arch” in the Western Mediterranean.
"VE": Will we have something similar?
E.Ch.: We cannot blindly copy someone’s experience, because Russia has the largest territory in the world. At the same time, the population is distributed extremely unevenly: there is a main settlement zone, focal settlement zones, and there are territories unsuitable for habitation.
Identification of macroregions
Isolation of macro-regions
Their prototype was federal districts. Each macro-region may have its own development model: in Siberia and the Far East - cluster approach, in the European part - the development of large cities.
“VE”: And yet, what is closer to us?
E.Ch.: Our approach to spatial development is already based on the identification of large zones - macroregions. Their prototype was the federal districts. True, at the first stage they were allocated for management tasks, but then internal connections began to develop within the districts, and interregional associations were formed, such as the Siberian Agreement association.
For each macroregion, a specific model or options for combining them can be used. For example, the cluster approach, which Kazakhstan has already chosen, is suitable for the Far East and Siberia, when the state supports the “hotbeds” of the new industrial economy.
For the European part of the country, where strong growth points have already been formed, essentially competing with each other, a polarized approach can be applied. It is based on the support of large cities and their economic diffusion into surrounding areas.
It is necessary to identify territories that connect the vast space of Russia with large nodes.
THE PROBLEM OF MOSCOW AND ST. PETERSBURG IS GOING AWAY
These are urbanization processes that are happening all over the world. Now people are flocking not only to the capitals, but also to Krasnodar, Kazan, Yekaterinburg, etc. Any settlement system is very inert.
"VE": How will all this fit with existing measures support - for example, the Kaliningrad region, the Far East, the North Caucasus, Crimea?
E.Ch.: Support for strategically important territories is still necessary, but at the same time we must economically justify the growth of competitive activities for each subject, create conditions for them, and also highlight territories that unite the vast space of Russia with large nodes that affect the connectivity of the entire country.
We discussed with the regions the need to create interregional territorial systems, such as the “Ural Constellation” or “Siberian Conurbation”, which involve the construction of high-speed highways between major cities. Why shouldn’t such flagship projects be designated for priority support?
The general guarantee is to increase the connectivity of territories in the main settlement zone. In the zone of focal settlement, which includes almost the entire north-eastern part of Russia, it is necessary to return to the approach of forming support centers, which was developed in the Soviet Union on the basis of rotational and expeditionary forms of development of these complex territories. At the same time, significant changes are required in legislation, in particular in housing legislation, in order to incorporate these features into the legal framework.
Leningraders, Muscovites...
“VE”: Can you illustrate these approaches using the example of the center of the country?
E.Ch.: We are just at the beginning of the journey. For now, for example, I can say that we support the position of the Moscow authorities that it is necessary to systematically ensure the development of Moscow as the capital and the only global city in Russia, but first this must be justified by calculations and cartography, and the real boundaries of the city must be determined.
“VE”: Many people say that our economy is fluxed - all resources are concentrated in Moscow and partly in St. Petersburg, and there is emptiness all around. Is this the problem you see?
E.Ch.: I don't think so anymore. These are urbanization processes that are happening all over the world. People flock not only to Moscow, but also to Krasnodar, Kazan, Yekaterinburg and other regional centers. It `s naturally. Of course, there are processes of natural compression of space, but any settlement system is very inert, and especially in Russia. We are tied to real estate; we do not have such active labor migration as, for example, in the United States, where people move from one city to another eight times during their lives on average. Our people move extremely rarely.
"VE": Territorial structure Is there no need to change the settlement in Russia?
E.Ch.: The state should influence it only if it loses stability.
What needs to be balanced
“VE”: Our “instability” - what is it?
E.Ch.: We have identified three global gaps that need to be combated through the tools of a spatial development strategy.
First, there is a gap in infrastructure. IN last years it developed very unevenly. We have poor territorial connectivity. We have lost regional aviation, river transport, very few new roads have been built, we are just beginning to develop high-speed and high-speed transport, unlike many European and Asian countries.
Secondly, during the transition from planned economy to market there was a technological gap. By competing, enterprises have lost integration ties. Previously, they were established by the state. I don’t mean that we will force everyone to exchange commodity flows, we must facilitate this by supporting the modernization of enterprises, competitive industries, and the formation of territorial clusters.
The third problem is the social gap. Inequality is primarily expressed in the uneven provision of infrastructure and environmental quality in different cities. How to ensure a decent quality of life? Of course, we won’t be able to fix everything quickly, but we must understand how to identify areas that require targeted support.
"VE": It turns out that the strategy will have a big impact political significance- everyone will immediately begin to figure out who got what for decades to come. Or am I wrong?
E.Ch.: It is important to emphasize that the document is being prepared with the direct participation of representatives of the governments of all constituent entities of the Russian Federation, science and relevant federal ministries and departments. The Ministry of Economic Development has an interdepartmental working group, which consists of almost 150 people. There are no significant disputes on key issues yet.
Plans until 2050
"VE": Will the strategy last until 2035?
E.Ch.: According to the plan - yes, but we decided that the stability of the settlement system should have longer horizons, it is inertial, changes are not visible in a shorter period of time.
Therefore, for some components, the Spatial Development Strategy will have a horizon of 2040, and maybe even 2050. The new European strategy, which is currently being developed, also plays out scenarios up to the middle of the 21st century.
"VE": What could be the target scenario of the strategy?
E.Ch.: It largely depends on the base scenario of a long-term forecast of socio-economic development, which will show our capabilities.
Text: Igor Zubkov.
Chairman of the Federation Council Valentina Matvienko Matvienko
Valentina Ivanovnarepresentative from executive body state authorities of the city of St. Petersburg
held parliamentary hearings “On the development of the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation”, prepared and organized by the Federation Council Committee on economic policy.
The event, dedicated to discussing the results of the development of one of the most important strategic planning documents, was attended by the Minister of Economic Development of the Russian Federation Maxim Oreshkin, Deputy Chairman of the Federation Council Evgeniy Bushmin Bushmin
Evgeniy Viktorovichrepresentative from the executive body of state power of the Rostov region
, Chairman of the Federation Council Committee on Economic Policy, etc.
Approved at a meeting of the Federation Council Committee on Economic Policy on July 12, 2018 (Minutes No. 154)
Participants in the parliamentary hearings, chaired by Chairman of the Federation Council V.I. Matvienko: members of the Federation Council, Minister of Economic Development of the Russian Federation M.S. Oreshkin, Head of the Republic of Buryatia A.S. Tsydenov, Governor Stavropol Territory V.V. Vladimirov, representatives of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation, federal executive authorities of the Russian Federation, legislative and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, vice-president of the International Academy of Architecture, head of the Center for Spatial Planning of the Moscow Architectural Institute A.V. Bokov, representatives of the scientific, expert communities and public organizations, having reviewed and discussed the presented approaches to the development of the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation, note the following.
The Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Strategy) is a strategic planning document that defines the priorities, goals and objectives of the regional development of the Russian Federation and is aimed at maintaining the sustainability of the settlement system on the territory of the Russian Federation - is being developed in accordance with Federal law dated June 28, 2014 No. 172-FZ “On strategic planning in the Russian Federation” and Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated January 16, 2017 No. 13 “On approval of the Fundamentals of State Policy for Regional Development of the Russian Federation for the period until 2025.”
The strategy is based on the goals and objectives set by the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin in his Address to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on 03/01/2018, taking into account the priorities of spatial development set out in the Concept of the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2025, approved by the decision of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 22, 2017, and in the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 7 May 2018 No. 204 “On national goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation for the period until 2024.”
Participants in parliamentary hearings note that currently the main trends in the spatial development of the Russian Federation are:
Strengthening the role of the largest cities in the country's economy;
Concentration of economic activity in a limited number of centers economic growth;
Increasing transport and environmental problems, social imbalances in the largest cities and adjacent territories, reduction in the population of small and medium-sized cities;
Historically formed economic specialization in a number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which impedes the development of production sectors of the economy that are in demand on the market;
Low migration mobility of the population within the country, slowing down structural changes in labor markets in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
Low transport accessibility territories of the Russian Federation;
Insufficient use of the transit potential of the Russian Federation in the West-East and North-South directions.
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 31, 2015 No. 683 “On the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation” includes, among other things, uneven development of regions and a decrease in the stability of the national settlement system as the main strategic threats to national security in the economic field. To ensure economic security, the main efforts it is necessary to focus on eliminating imbalances in territorial planning, development of the labor market, transport, information, social and educational infrastructures, on the formation of a new geography of economic growth, modern industries economy, centers of industry, science and education.
By Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 7, 2018 No. 204 “On national goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation for the period until 2024,” the Government of the Russian Federation, based on the spatial development strategy of the Russian Federation, was instructed to develop, with the participation of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and up to 1 October 2018 approve comprehensive plan modernization and expansion of the main infrastructure, providing for implementation by 2024:
Development of transport corridors “West - East” and “North - South”, as well as the international transport route “Europe-Western China”;
Increasing the economic connectivity of the territories of the Russian Federation through the expansion and modernization of railway, aviation, road, sea and river infrastructure;
Stable provision of affordable electricity to consumers throughout the Russian Federation.
Thus, the Strategy should become the basis that fundamentally binds various industry strategies and state programs for the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation.
Maintaining the sustainability of the settlement system on the territory of the Russian Federation is based on economic priorities that make it possible to create and update the country's infrastructure in conjunction with solving social problems. A complex approach when addressing issues of location of productive forces, it provides for the creation of economic conditions for the preservation of cultural and spiritual values, conservation of cultural heritage sites - monuments of architecture and urban planning art, improvement of quality environment and environmental aspects of life, conservation of natural and cultural landscapes.
Competitive advantages each subject of the Russian Federation should be determined comprehensively, taking into account the factors of its development, assessment of socio-demographic, natural resource, production and economic, transport and infrastructure, geographical, spatial and settlement, institutional and managerial, scientific and innovative and financial and investment potentials.
The materials on the Strategy presented by the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia contain the main directions of spatial development in medium term, based on a large volume of conducted scientific research, with a clear emphasis on the priority of removing infrastructure restrictions. The issues of location of productive forces and settlement system on the territory of the country, building real economic ties between economic entities for cooperative participation in production have not been sufficiently worked out. Realization of competitive advantages of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, municipalities and individual territories are proposed to be carried out mainly through the development of effective economic specializations. The scenario options for spatial development do not comprehensively define the mechanism for reducing interregional differentiation in the socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, given the objectively established trend of preferential development of large cities and other centers of economic growth. A number of provisions contained in the draft Strategy are declarative in nature, since they do not contain proposals on mechanisms for implementing priority areas of spatial development of the Russian Federation.
In connection with the above, participants in parliamentary hearings recommend:
1. To the Government of the Russian Federation:
1) ensure, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, the timely approval of the Strategy aimed at integrated development various types of territories of the Russian Federation, maintaining the sustainability of the settlement system on the territory of the Russian Federation and removing infrastructural restrictions in socio-economic development regional economies, development of an action plan for its implementation and monitoring;
2) when developing the Strategy - in fulfillment of the tasks set in the Address of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on March 1, 2018 and Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 7, 2018 No. 204 “On national goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation for the period until 2024” - proceed from:
Definition of strategic planning horizons for the period until 2035 and strategic vision until 2050;
The relevance of the development of regulatory legal acts of territorial planning, taking into account the challenges and threats to the national security of the Russian Federation;
The need to determine the nature and take measures that create objective prerequisites for the balanced development of agglomeration and other forms of settlement on the territory of the country;
Creating prerequisites for the location of production, financial and other resources, both in agglomeration centers of economic growth and in other types of territories, including ensuring sustainable development rural areas, reducing gaps in the socio-economic development of various constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
A request for the widespread use of the advantages of the digital economy, first of all, the elimination of the “digital inequality” of regions through the creation of an information and telecommunications infrastructure accessible to all territories of the Russian Federation, the introduction of satellite communication technologies, increasing the affordability of Internet services for the population of hard-to-reach and remote areas, development networks of centers for storing and processing digital data arrays;
Compliance with the principles of balanced development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, implementation fiscal policy, excluding the situation of the emergence of excessive debt loads on regional and municipal budgets Russian Federation;
The need to ensure interconnection of the Strategy with budget planning;
Implementation of the tasks of improving the “supporting frame” of the country (the system of settlements and communications of federal and regional importance connecting them) - taking into account the characteristics of various natural and climatic conditions, the presence of specially protected natural areas, the established nature of industrial and economic development of spaces, population density, development of transport systems and communications;
The need to develop mechanisms for interrelating sectoral strategic planning documents, territorial planning schemes, federal target and government programs Russian Federation;
The needs to expand and strengthen interregional ties in various fields for the development of cooperation between the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the implementation of interregional cooperation projects;
The relevance of the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and the territories of the Far North, the growth driver of which is the development of the Northern Sea Route, which includes regulatory support for activities, a set of measures for gasification, development of port and coastal infrastructure for year-round operation, the creation of a single operator of the Northern Sea Route , relief of environmental risks;
The need to comprehensively take into account the specifics of the development of geostrategic territories of the Russian Federation in interaction with the adjacent territories;
The expediency of classifying closed administrative-territorial formations (CLATEs) as geostrategic territories of the Russian Federation;
3) when forming a comprehensive plan for the modernization and expansion of the main infrastructure, take into account:
The relevance of using the potential, prospects for modernization, a fundamental increase in the throughput and carrying capacity of the Baikal-Amur and Trans-Siberian railways for the purposes of the strategic development of the Russian Federation;
The need to adopt regulatory legal acts that ensure the adjustment of regional development strategies and programs for the formation of the transport infrastructure of the international transport corridor “North-South” and the creation of a single operator of the designated international transport corridor;
Achieving development goals defined by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 7, 2018 No. 204 “On national goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation for the period until 2024” and corresponding to improving the structure of foreign trade turnover, as well as expanding cross-border cooperation and eliminating logistics restrictions ( increasing the number of checkpoints across the state border of the Russian Federation);
The need and significance of the further inclusion of the Russian Federation in the single Eurasian economic space;
4) take into account when developing and adjusting strategic planning documents:
The importance of increasing the mobility of labor resources, opportunities for professional development and continuous education of the economically active population, retraining and advanced training of workers in various industries, improving systems of pre-university, vocational and higher education;
Ensuring guaranteed standards of quality of life for citizens of the Russian Federation, including state, municipal and medical services, decent working conditions and social protection, regardless of the place of residence of citizens of the Russian Federation;
5) consider the issue of creating an interdepartmental body empowered to coordinate the processes of development and implementation of a system of strategic planning documents.
Economists are quietly again are pushing through the development concept of 20 agglomerations, which is lobbied by Nabiullina, Kudrin, Siluanov and the like...
What concept will be used to create the Spatial Development Strategy? Previously, there was the concept of the “Oil Pipe” - when all resources were empty for export, and the development of the territory was only in megacities.
It is necessary to create an information wave and a wide Internet discussion of the Strategy spatial development to prevent the adoption of the Strategy as amended by economists. We need a Strategy for the concept of uniform and balanced development of the territory of all of Russia.
We've already received a whole series financial crises when economists began to write laws. It is difficult to imagine what will happen when economists create a spatial development strategy on their own. It is completely unacceptable to leave Russia's spatial development strategy to economists.
Disseminate information about the upcoming version of the Spatial Development Strategy as widely as possible in order to form public opinion on this issue and reach the back offices of the Ministry of Economic Development. This is the only way to legitimately influence the concept of the Strategy.
At the end of March, economists from the Ministry of Economic Development already tried to present the current version of the Spatial Development Strategy at a round table in the Federation Council, but their document was severely criticized, all the arguments were torn to smithereens, and sent back for rework:
“So, in March there was already a round table in the Federation Council, at which the then version of the strategy being prepared was discussed. One of its authors, Alexey Elin, head of the department of territorial development planning of the Ministry of Economic Development, said that one of the focuses of the strategy being developed is to identify points (loci) of growth. Their number at that time was 27, of which 22 were agglomerations, the rest were resource centers and agricultural areas. In addition, they also talked about the development of infrastructure of all types and varieties - from transport to energy networks and cellular communication, as well as the specialization of individual territories.
All this was subjected to rather harsh criticism from senators: in their opinion, too much reliance on agglomerations is wrong, it can lead to the destruction of the country's economy. One can, in addition, assume that the criticism was also caused by insufficient attention to the long-term problems of the country and current system resettlement: lack of money at the level of regions and municipalities, emptying small towns (and the problem of single-industry towns that have lost a key enterprise, as a special case), socio-demographic trends in the flow of population along the route “village - district center - regional center - city with a million population - capital” and so on Further."- https://www.business-gazeta.ru/blog/382816
It is not without reason that a serious struggle has now unfolded around the spatial development strategy. Various clans and corporations came together in confrontation. The fate of medium-sized and small cities and towns in Russia is at stake. The fate of the regions for 30-50 years ahead depends on what the Strategy will be...
The Ministry of Economic Development wants to present its spatial development strategy to society in the form of an ultimatum. They have now brought in economists and geographers from Moscow State University and are hoping to use their titles and authority to push their interests into the document.
It is encouraging that the country's leadership has recently clearly expressed its position on this issue:
“Spatial development of the country. Valentina Ivanovna (Matvienko) spoke about this. And she said that we would most likely talk about the development of large agglomerations... NOT THIS WAY. We are just... There is such a point of view, you are right. BUT ANOTHER, DIFFERENT APPROACH WINS WHICH IS THAT THIS SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY WILL BE CONNECTED, FIRST OF ALL, WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT AND OTHER INFRASTRUCTURE BETWEEN SETTLEMENTS. So that the space between populated areas becomes comfortable and comfortable for citizens. Of course, we will also pay attention to cities: and major cities, and small ones, there are individual programs, but that's all‑
http://www.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/54362
We encourage everyone to actively express their position on the concept of the Spatial Development Strategy of Russia.
The future is not predetermined. The development of Russian territory in the coming decades depends on the actions of each of us.- will everything be concentrated in a dozen agglomerations ( as in the picture on the left - 15 agglomerations) or development will be throughout our country ( picture on the right - uniform development)?
Additional material on the topic:
THE STRATEGY FOR SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA IS DEVELOPING SILENTLY. REVELATIONS AT THE SCANDALOUS 435TH MEETING OF THE FEDERATION COUNCIL ON MAY 16, 2018
Why is the spatial development strategy still being developed quietly, behind closed doors by the Ministry of Economic Development? Is there an attempt here to quietly push through the concept of development of 15 agglomerations, which is promoted by Nabiullina, Kudrin, Siluanov?
“As far as I know, this is already the fourth version of the spatial development strategy, but it comes to us almost underground, on the sly, like a secret document. Why? Why is there no broad discussion of this document, which is most important for the development of the country in the light of the tasks set in the Presidential Decree of May 7?” - from a speech at the 435th meeting of the Federation Council (May 16, 2018), which for some reason was not properly reflected in the media.
At the 435th meeting of the Federation Council, during the “expert time”, the head of the Center for Spatial Planning of the Moscow Architectural Institute, Doctor of Architecture Andrei Bokov spoke. His speech was devoted to the topic “On approaches to the strategy of spatial development of Russia”:
“25 years ago, for the first time, probably in 300 years of its history - imperial history, then Soviet history - the state refused direct participation in shaping spatial development. It must be said that nothing like this happens in countries with the most liberal systems.
<...>
Many of my colleagues, I must tell you, were greatly relieved to hear the words of the President of our country spoken at the meeting with you, with members of the Council of Legislators in the Tauride Palace, which recently took place. He quite definitely and clearly said that our goal is not to concentrate all efforts on 15-20 cities, but to create infrastructure, create and update the country’s infrastructure. Essentially, this should become the basis of a new spatial development strategy. In general, where did this whole idea of 15–20 cities come from? Why did all this arise?
<...>
But at the same time, such ideas that, in my opinion, have lost their relevance, such as the idea that, say, a big city is better than a village, are very firmly rooted in us. Today we see that this is not the case; we understand that a significant part of our fellow citizens prefer a completely different way of life. More than 70 percent of Russians are directly or indirectly connected to the land and prefer a different, non-urban or not entirely urban lifestyle. 70 percent of Americans prefer to live where‑ then in the suburbs, living in a small town, the majority, or 60 percent, of Europeans behave in exactly the same way.
<...>
Finally, attempts to build a system of settlement, a system of placement, a system of organization, to present this system of organization as some kind of direct projection of the location of productive forces, large enterprises first of all, are also hardly justified. The existing system of settlements (the existing, established system) is of enormous value, and today we have every reason to consider, relatively speaking, the places of birth of people and the places where people live, no less valuable than deposits of minerals - oil, gas and everything else.
<...>
Agglomerations and group settlement systems. If you imagine, God forbid, that we all move into these 15 or so‑ then there are agglomerations, this means that we will have to forget about the huge number of small and medium-sized populated areas, this means that we will need to engage in the reclamation of these spaces and so on. This is an absolutely unrealistic task. But this is not the main thing. The main thing is that the settlement fabric consists not only of these 15–20 agglomerations, first of all these are small towns and everything that surrounds these small towns is rural populated areas.
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I would like to say two words about the state of our home. Today we are “frozen” where‑ then approximately 80 million square meters are under construction. meters per year. At the same time, we must clearly understand that half of these 80 million is individual housing construction, this is something that is being done not thanks to, but in many ways contrary to the established order. How to reach 120 million sq. m. meters that the President spoke about? Why do we need these 120 million? In order for security to reach where‑ then about 30 sq. meters per person. Why 30 sq. meters per person? 30 sq. meters we need so that every citizen finally gets his own room, so that representatives of different generations do not live in the same apartment, so that‑ Families did not break up for this, so that people did not get sick and did not suffer from this overcrowding. That's what 30 square meters is. meters. This is a qualitatively different level. And we need to achieve it as soon as possible. But if we rely only on today’s developer, only on multi-storey construction, if we do not support other forms of construction, we are unlikely to succeed.”- from the speech of architect Andrei Bokov.
Unfortunately, the arguments that were expressed in the book “The Landscape Matrix” are now gaining real confirmation.
Sources:
Full text of the speech by architect Andrei Bokov on the website of the Federation Council: http://www.council.gov.ru/events/news/92466/
Transcript of the 435th meeting of the Federation Council: http://www.council.gov.ru/activity/meetings/91880/transcript/
Video recording of the entire 435th meeting of the Federation Council on YouTube:
BREAKTHROUGH SIX-YEAR PLAN ANNOUNCED.
Strategy 2024 (successor May decrees) signed by the president immediately after the inauguration - May 7, 2018.
Strategy 2024 enshrines the spatial development strategy.
The most important thing is to increase the transport and economic connectivity of the territory, expand the network railways(most priority type transport communications for our country), guaranteed provision of affordable electricity (including distributed generation based on renewable energy sources), elimination of infrastructure restrictions in territories with development prospects:
"15. The Government of the Russian Federation, based on the spatial development strategy of the Russian Federation, should develop with the participation of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and, by October 1, 2018, approve a comprehensive plan for the modernization and expansion of the main infrastructure, providing for the provision in 2024 of:
a) development of transport corridors “West – East” and “North – South” for the transportation of goods, including through:
construction and modernization of Russian sites highways related to the international transport route “Europe – Western China”;
increasing the capacity of sea ports of the Russian Federation, including ports of the Far Eastern, Northwestern, Volga-Caspian and Azov-Black Sea basins;
development of the Northern Sea Route and increasing cargo traffic along it to 80 million tons;
reducing the time for transporting containers by rail, in particular from the Far East to western border Russian Federation up to seven days, and increasing the volume of transit transportation of containers by rail fourfold;
formation of hub cargo multimodal transport and logistics centers;
increasing the throughput capacity of the Baikal-Amur and Trans-Siberian railways by one and a half times, up to 180 million tons;
increasing the capacity of railway approaches to seaports Azov-Black Sea basin;
b) increasing the level of economic connectivity of the territory of the Russian Federation through the expansion and modernization of railway, aviation, road, sea and river infrastructure, including through:
the gradual development of transport communications between the administrative centers of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and other cities - centers of economic growth, including the elimination of infrastructure restrictions in areas with development prospects adjacent to such transport communications;
reconstruction of the infrastructure of regional airports and expansion of the network of interregional regular passenger air routes, bypassing Moscow, to 50 percent of the total number of domestic regular air routes;
creating the basis for the development of high-speed and high-speed rail communications between major cities;
increasing the capacity of inland waterways;
c) guaranteed provision of affordable electricity, including through:
electrification of the West-East and North-South transport corridors, including the Baikal-Amur and Trans-Siberian railways, in conjunction with the development of transport infrastructure;
development of centralized energy systems, including modernization of the generating capacities of thermal, nuclear and hydroelectric power plants in accordance with the needs of socio-economic development;
sustainable energy supply to consumers in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, primarily the Republic of Crimea, the city of Sevastopol, the Kaliningrad region, as well as the constituent entities of the Russian Federation that are part of the Far Eastern Federal District;
development of distributed generation, including based on renewable energy sources, primarily in remote and isolated energy areas;
implementation of intelligent power grid management systems based on digital technologies.”- http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/57425
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF 20 AGGLOMERATIONS WON? - NOT THIS WAY! ANOTHER APPROACH WIN. THE STRATEGY FOR THE COUNTRY'S SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT IS WINNING.“...No matter how you bend before her, gentlemen,
You will not gain recognition from Europe:
In her eyes you will always be
Not servants of enlightenment, but slaves.”
F.I. Tyutchev, May 1867
These lines were written exactly 150 years ago, but the gentlemen did not heed in time. The sanctions broom brought us to our senses and was able to bring some sense into the “gentlemen who bend to the West.” Even those who were considered unsinkable and had previously been held in unquestioned esteem by the “Western partners” were torpedoed.
The reinforced concrete assurances about the inviolability of foreign bank accounts have disintegrated into dust. The fog of offshore guarantees has disappeared without a trace. The source of cheap loans from Western banks has dried up. And the elite - Russian by passport and foreign by jurisdiction - with their tails between their legs, RETURNS TO THEIR HOME HARBOR, TO THE PORT OF PERMANENT REGISTRATION with the stubs of their capital and with the knapsacks of their unfulfilled investment projects in a foreign land.
Gradually coming to their senses IN THE HOME HARBOR, the elite begins to realize that if they want to preserve and increase those scraps that remain of their capital, then they are now forced to INVEST IN THE HOME HARBOR, forced to develop the space of the entire territory, and not just (as is was before) the places of their short-term dislocation during short visits - megacities.
Time will tell how much they realized this - it will be evident from the pace of the country's spatial development. At this stage there are declarations - we have heard them. Will there be follow-up actions?..
IF THE WORDS ARE SUPPORTED BY SPECIFIC ACTIONS AND SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS, WE ARE READY TO CONNECT.
“Currently, we know, there are big discussions on the so-called spatial development strategy. There are different points of view expressed there. But I think that, of course, the metropolis is all wonderful, but still the strength of our country is in its diversity, of course. This is our strength, this is the development factor. And, of course, especially here is what, by the way, we learned during the reserve training program: TECHNOLOGY TODAY IS CHANGING LIFE SO MUCH THAT YOU CAN CREATE A SERIOUS SUCCESS STORY NOT NECESSARILY IN MEGA CITIES, IT CAN BE CREATED IN SMALL TOWNS. Today, the entrance fee to creating such success stories has been seriously lowered.”- Governor Ivanovo region Stanislav Voskresensky at a meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin, April 25, 2018 - http://www.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/57363
“Spatial development of the country. Valentina Ivanovna (Matvienko) spoke about this. And she said that we would most likely talk about the development of large agglomerations... NOT SO. We are just... There is such a point of view, you are right. BUT THE OTHER APPROACH IS WINNING, WHICH IS THAT THIS SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY WILL BE CONNECTED, FIRST OF ALL, WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT AND OTHER INFRASTRUCTURE BETWEEN SETTLEMENTS. So that the space between populated areas becomes comfortable and comfortable for citizens. Of course, we will also pay attention to cities: both large cities and small ones, there are separate programs there, but that’s all‑
However, the emphasis is supposed to be on this – specifically on spatial development.”- from the final words of Vladimir Putin at a meeting with members of the Council of Legislators at the Federal Assembly of Russia, April 27, 2018 - http://www.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/54362
The Spatial Development Strategy of Russia is a document that combines the approaches of strategic and territorial planning.
The concept of the Strategy, approved in May 2017, provides for several models - for example, polarized and equalizing.
The first is to stimulate business activity in leading cities, the development of agglomerations, while in other regions there is a “controlled compression of economic space.”
The second aims to grow all regions in order to maximize their potential, but the growth rate will be lower.
Deputy Minister of Economic Development Alexander Tsybulsky said in January 2017 that future economy Russia is an economy around large cities: “We need to create a framework of urban agglomerations, large industrial production service centers, around which it will be concentrated economic life countries."
In April 2018, the acting director of the territorial development planning department of the Ministry of Economic Development, Alexey Elin, who is responsible for preparing the strategy, said that its drafters identified 27 centers of economic growth in Russia, which form 65% of the country’s economic growth.
Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev in February 2018 was more cautious and spoke in the sense that development opportunities can be created in any city and region based on promising sectors of its specialization: “Not only megaprojects should appear on the map, but also many points for the application of the efforts of small and medium-sized businesses, so that not only centers of global competition, megacities, agglomerations develop - although this is very important, this is exactly the case - but also how possible more centers on a different scale."
In March 2018, a round table was held in the Federation Council on the progress of preparing the draft strategy, at which - judging by the transcript - the strategy was criticized to smithereens. The general opinion is that moving along the path of agglomerations means depopulation of the country and the creation of several not growth points, but several poles where qualified personnel will be concentrated work force, which will destroy the state's economy.
Deputy Chairman of the Russian Government Dmitry Kozak said in November 2017 that the draft strategy would be submitted to the government for consideration in March-April 2018. However, this has not yet happened.