Mortgage is currently one of the available ways to buy housing for many Russian families. According to analytical agencies, from 11 to 50% of families can afford this in various regions. Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is the leader in this possibility. How a mortgage transaction occurs and what steps should be taken when registering it is described in this article.

The main differences between mortgages and other types of lending are:

• her goal is to purchase real estate
• very long period (from 10 to 20, and sometimes up to 30 years)
• large loan amount (usually several million)
• involving family members as co-borrowers
• The purchased property is used as collateral
• insurance of collateral against the risks of damage and loss of rights
• life, health, and performance insurance of the borrower

For support purposes individual categories citizens the state has developed special programs mortgage lending. If the borrower does not belong to any social group, he has the right to use standard offers.

Standard

Standard mortgage is the most common form of lending according to the conditions that banks offer for secondary housing, apartments in new buildings, residential buildings with land plots. The borrower uses only his own funds to pay the bank. Size down payment from 10 to 20% of the cost of the apartment, rate from 9.1 to 13.75% for secondary housing, up to 14.25% for apartments in new buildings. The loan amount is no more than 70–80% of the price of the housing secured as collateral. The required age of the borrower varies depending on various banks ranging from 18 to 75 years. The upper age limit is determined at the date of full repayment of the mortgage. Rates are lower for salary clients, borrowers with bank accounts, a positive credit history, and with personal insurance.

Social

Social is a mortgage with state support for low-income people who need improved living conditions and who do not have enough money. own funds for calculation. The third party to the agreement is the state. Such programs are implemented at the regional level, so they may be different in different regions. More detailed information will be given by local authorities and the regional branch of AHML.

State support can be in the amount of 10–50% of the cost of housing in the form of:

• rate reduction due to budget co-financing
• subsidizing part of the cost of purchased housing
• issuing subsidies for the purchase of housing in installments from social fund at a price 1.5–2.5 times lower than the market price

Social mortgage is distinguished by:

1. Minimum rate (no more than 7.55%)
2. Minimum down payment (10–20%)
3. Longer loan terms
4. State subsidies for payment of the down payment, mortgage interest, early repayment of debt
5. Deferred payments or restructuring for up to 1.5–3 years. For example, Sberbank will issue a mortgage to young families with children at a rate of 6% for 3–5 years and 9.25% thereafter.
6. Downsizing monthly payments when refinancing
7. One-time subsidies (for example, maternity capital funds)

The state helps doctors, teachers, scientists, large families purchasing new buildings at a rate of up to 12%. There are restrictions on the area of ​​apartments: no more than 32 sq.m. for one, 48 for two, then 18 sq.m. for each family member. Terms of this assistance social group is age not older than 35 years (Doctor of Sciences up to 40 years old), presence of need. They have access to a mortgage at 8.5% and payment of up to 30%, provided they contribute at least 10% of the cost of housing with their own funds. Young families with children in certain regions will be supported in the amount of up to 40% of the price of new buildings. Eat regional programs With payment of 100% of the cost, the borrower pays only interest.

Mortgage in Alfa-Bank

Credit limit:

from 60,000 to 50,000,000 rubles.

30 years

from 8.49%

from 21 to 70 years

Consideration:

Mortgage at Otkritie Bank

Credit limit:

from 500,000 to 30,000,000 rubles.

30 years

from 7.95%

from 21 to 68 years old

Consideration:

Loan for a large amount from Sovcombank

Credit limit:

from 150,000 to 30,000,000 rubles.

10 years

from 11.9%

from 20 to 85 years

Consideration:

Cash loan at Loko-Bank

Credit limit:

from 100,000 to 5,000,000 rubles.

7 years

from 10.4% %

from 21 to 68 years old

Consideration:

For a young family

A family is considered young if the age of the spouses is no more than 35 years. If a family needs housing and is on a waiting list at local administration to improve living conditions, she is entitled to receive a subsidy:

• 35% of the cost of housing if there are no children
• 40% upon availability

The money is allocated for a down payment on a mortgage or as a supplement to your own funds when purchasing an apartment. In this case, the family must confirm its financial solvency with certificates from 2-NDFL or from the bank on the status of the account.

Military

Contract military personnel and police officers, after three and 10 years, respectively, have the right to use the funds accumulated in their personal accounts. Only those who need improvement are provided with subsidies living conditions. Banks issue a mortgage to military personnel with conditions for its repayment by the age of 45 years.

5 main conditions for receiving

The mortgage is based on federal laws, and banks determine the requirements for borrowers independently. There are conditions common to everyone:

1. Russian citizenship
2. Registration is permanent in the region where the bank operates
3. The borrower's age is 21–70 years. Some banks have extended the age limits from 18 to 75 years.
4. The total work experience is at least one year and at the last place from 6 months.
5. The total income must be such as to ensure not only mortgage payments, but also the normal existence of the borrower and his family

How to apply

The process of applying for a mortgage consists of several stages, requiring the borrower to analyze and assess the consequences of each of them.

Program selection

Analyzing the offers of many banks, having previously calculated how much money can be received and the size of monthly payments, the borrower compares them with his capabilities. If there are reasons to receive preferential mortgage with government support, it is definitely recommended to use them. It should be taken into account that state programs apply to new buildings, the loan amount does not exceed 70% of the value of the collateral according to the assessment report, and the bank will ask you to place the first payment in the account. Monthly fee should not be higher than 30% of the total family income.

List of documents

By selecting mortgage program and the bank, it is necessary to begin preparing documents for the borrower, the purchased housing for benefit program. Documents are prepared in accordance with the requirements of authorities and credit institutions.

You will need:

• originals and photocopies of documents for all family members
• for collateral property
• salary certificates 2-NDFL
• certified copy of work record book
• proof of employment
• certificate for state support (if available)

Application

You can apply for a loan online at the selected bank or personally visit a branch of a credit institution with your passport and documents and, following its recommendations, fill out an application form at the bank.

Selecting an object for a mortgage loan

The object of the mortgage can be secondary housing, a new building, or a residential building on the site. When choosing an object, the borrower must proceed from financial opportunities families. Banks offer preferential terms mortgages if the borrower buys housing from partner developers. Using state subsidies, they choose an object that is recommended by the authorities. Documents for the selected object are presented to the bank for approval.

Registration of collateral

Having chosen housing and agreed upon it with all parties (bank, authorities, Pension Fund), they begin to draw up a loan agreement. For collateral, you need to order an assessment of the value of the home from a company agreed upon with the bank and its acceptability as collateral. The assessment report is also sent to the bank. After reviewing the documents, the credit committee notifies the borrower about the form of collateral.

Carrying out a purchase and sale transaction

The transaction includes several stages:

1. A contract for the purchase and sale of housing is concluded with the owner of the property.
2. A loan agreement is concluded with the bank, which must indicate the term and amount of the loan, rate, termination conditions, early repayment, sanctions for late payments.
3. The contract specifies what the collateral is, its value, and the insurance requirement.
4. You should read all clauses of the contract very carefully. The bank gives the borrower at least five days to do this.

We register mortgages and property rights

The mortgage agreement is registered in Rosreestr in accordance with Art. 20 No. 102-FZ. The registration application is filled out by the borrower and the bank. You also need a real estate purchase and sale agreement and a pledge agreement (if it is drawn up separately with the bank) or a mortgage. Registration of a mortgage is also possible upon the application of the notary who certified the transaction. If a mortgage is issued on the collateral, the mortgage is registered on it.

We arrange insurance

At the request of the bank and in order to reduce the mortgage rate, the borrower insures the property being pledged against damage and loss of rights. Sum insured not less than the cost of the loan including all interest. Most banks require life and disability insurance for the borrower. Personal insurance and in the interests of the borrower himself, so that the obligations under the mortgage in the event of an accident or death do not pass to his heirs. The end of the process is the transfer of money to the seller in the manner specified in the purchase and sale agreement.

How does a transaction using a safe deposit box work?

Transferring money through a rented safe deposit box is one of the safest and most reliable ways to pay for real estate.

The order is as follows:

1. The buyer rents a locker (mini-safe) for a certain period.
2. The bank representative, buyer and seller count the money and place it in a safe deposit box for the bank.
3. The bank verifies the authenticity of the banknotes and blocks the funds for an agreed period.
4. Typically, registering a transaction takes up to 7 days, during which time a cell rental agreement is drawn up.
5. The seller, having fulfilled the terms of the purchase and sale agreement, confirms this with documents to the bank and gains access to the safe deposit box. Most often, the condition is the fact of registration of the buyer's ownership of the purchased property.

The cost of renting a locker and checking the authenticity of banknotes will amount to up to 5 thousand rubles.

How long does it take to register with Sberbank and other banks?

The time it takes to obtain a mortgage from Sberbank and other banks depends not only on the banks, but also on the borrower himself. It usually takes one to two months to obtain a mortgage. Let's look at time step by step.

1. The borrower collects documents about income, family composition, employment, government subsidies, etc. in order to apply for a mortgage to the bank. This will take him about a week
2. Submits documents to the bank and fills out an application. It takes the bank 5–7 days to study the client and his solvency
3. After the application is approved, the buyer selects the property, coordinating it with the bank and authorities (with their participation). It is also required to prepare all documents for the purchased property, including its valuation appraisal company. At this stage, the preparation time is determined by the efficiency of the borrower himself, but this is no less than a week
4. Registration and signing of a mortgage agreement according to the presented documents. The borrower has the right to study the contract for five days. It could end up being a week again. At this stage, it is necessary to draw up insurance contracts for the collateral and the borrower. Renting a safe deposit box and placing money in it
5. Registration of a mortgage with Rosreestr takes 4–7 days. After registration, the government loan used (subsidy, maternity capital, etc.) is used to partially repay the debt

Features of the programs

Last update: 03-01-2020

Step No. 3 – Collect documents to obtain a mortgage

We collect all the necessary mortgage documents and take them to the bank.

At the same time, we make copies of all documents in in electronic format, they may still be useful in the future, and printing them is much easier than scanning them again.

We are waiting for a positive decision to provide mortgage loan.

Step #4 – Get approval from the bank and you can look for an apartment

Step No. 5 – Conclude a preliminary agreement and make a deposit

Found an apartment? Have you come to a common opinion with the sellers?

Then we conclude a preliminary agreement. It describes the object of purchase, conditions, terms, amounts, responsibility. Then we give the deposit.

Detailed article with samples and examples preliminary agreement buy and sell via link

Step No. 6 – Collect documents for the bank for the apartment being purchased with a mortgage, and also immediately make an assessment of the found apartment from an appraisal company recommended by the bank

Everything is simple here. Almost all the documents from you have already been transferred to the bank; all that remains is to wait until the sellers prepare their part of the documents. After this, the bank reconsiders the application for a mortgage loan, but for a specific apartment option.

Step No. 7 – Collect all documents for the insurance company and enter into a life and property insurance agreement, and if required, title insurance

• Choosing an insurance company We carry out practically the same as choosing a bank, based on the required documents (the fewer, the better) and the annual payment. This process You can start as soon as the documents are submitted to the bank for review. You shouldn’t wait until the last moment, so as not to run around with a swollen head. with a mortgage – it’s up to you.

• We conclude an agreement for the following types of insurance: insurance of the risk of loss or damage to the apartment (); life and health insurance; insurance against the risk of loss or restriction of ownership of an apartment.

• Agreement with insurance signed by the company before the conclusion loan agreement.

Step No. 8 – Conclude a loan agreement and a real estate purchase and sale agreement, transfer the down payment, register the transaction, and finally pay the seller

• On the appointed day and time we arrive at the bank with money and (purchase and sale agreement, and loan agreement). We carefully check everything to ensure there are no errors in the documents. After this, we transfer the down payment to the seller.
• We agree about the date of going to the registration authority, before that we pay the fees and make copies of all necessary documents, as well as the duties themselves.
• Buyer pays 200 rubles (check the numbers) for an extract from state register on registered rights to an apartment, 1000 rubles for registering a mortgage agreement, 500 rubles for registering an alienation agreement real estate(contract of sale).
• The seller pays 500 rubles for registration of an agreement on the alienation of real estate (check the numbers).
• We arrive on the appointed day, hand over the documents to register ownership and wait 5 days. After receiving back the documents and the certificate of registration in your name (check them carefully on the spot), we take an extract from the state register about the registered rights to the apartment, for which we paid 200 rubles, and also make a notarized copy of the certificate of ownership (since 2015, ownership certificates have not been issued). We go to the bank, where now the bank employee checks the documents and only after that the seller receives the rest of the money.

Step No. 9 – You bought an apartment with the help of a mortgage and became the owner

• The documents have been completed and the keys have been received. – You can register at a new place, this must be done within a week from the date of discharge from the previous place of registration.
• Notify the management company or homeowners association about the change of owner.
• And do not forget to pay the required amount for the mortgage to the bank every month. We almost missed the second payment, miraculously, two days before the deadline, I dreamed that it was time to pay, I still can’t believe it.
• The next year after purchasing an apartment, you can apply for a mortgage tax return according to form 3NDFL and.

Congratulations! Now you have your own home!

You can print the procedure how to buy an apartment with a mortgage or save it as a bookmark in case it comes in handy later.

Welcome! At first glance, a mortgage is a rather complicated process. In this post, we will tell you about the stages of applying for a mortgage so that you have a clear picture of the entire transaction. Step-by-step instructions for buying an apartment with a mortgage will help you understand what needs to be done at each stage and what you need to pay special attention to.

So, a mortgage from scratch. Let's start looking into this issue.

Recently, more and more Russians are deciding to purchase a home using a mortgage loan. This scheme has its advantages: you do not need to borrow money from family and friends, you immediately register ownership of the apartment, and you can pay off the loan in accordance with your needs.

Unlike consumer loan, where the security is a guarantee individual or is completely absent, in mortgage lending the collateral is the real estate that the bank client buys. This means that an encumbrance is placed on the apartment (without the consent of the bank - the creditor it will be impossible to sell, donate, re-register square meters), but you can live in it, make repairs, etc. Once the obligations are repaid, the encumbrance is removed.

Since in most cases an individual does not have enough own funds, mortgage loans are distinguished by a significant loan amount (from 300,000 rubles to several million), long term lending (up to 30 years).

When applying for a mortgage loan, you can choose a debt repayment scheme: annuity payments or differentiated payments. In the first case, payments are always the same size, interest is distributed over the entire loan period. With differentiated payments, the amounts decrease: at first, the contributions are maximum, then they gradually decrease, and interest is charged on the balance. Which type of payment is more profitable? With differentiated payments, especially with a maximum term, the amount of overpayment will be less, but the income of the borrower (or family) should be higher.

You can learn more about housing costs from our previous post.

Let's begin to understand how a mortgage is issued step by step.

Step-by-step instruction

In general, we can highlight the main stages of a mortgage transaction:

• searching for a lender (determining the amount and conditions for issuing funds, approving the application),
• selection of housing options, approval of the application at the bank,
• signing a loan agreement and a purchase and sale agreement,
• registration of the transaction, registration of housing ownership.

Applying for a mortgage is a responsible matter. If knowledge and time are not enough to independently analyze the mortgage lending market, you can use the services. For a certain amount, a specialist will select the most profitable option depending on your capabilities and wishes.

If your budget is already limited, you should independently consider the banks’ offers and choose a suitable offer. By visiting bank branches or official websites of companies, you will familiarize yourself with the current lending conditions and be able to choose profitable ones.

Use our service " " to find as quickly as possible profitable proposition On the market.

When trying to get a mortgage, the procedure is as follows:

• decide on the loan object (apartment in a new building, on the secondary market, room, share, individual house, land plot, townhouse, etc.),
• find out if the bank has Special offers(young families, state support, etc.),
• determine the value of the property: calculate the amount of the down payment and loan,
• ask the bureau credit histories your CI,
• Check with the bank the requirements for borrowers regarding marital status, income, etc.
• decide on the loan term and type of payments depending on solvency.

You should answer each question step by step to avoid mistakes and unexpected expenses.

Selecting special programs in the bank

• military mortgage (the state transfers funds to the individual account of a serviceman to accumulate a down payment, and when applying for a loan, pays the debt),
• mortgage loans to young families (reduced interest rates for spouses under 35 years of age),
• mortgage with maternal capital(to support families with two or more children),
• mortgage loans for “salary” clients (a reduced rate is offered for clients receiving salaries into a bank account).

What else should you pay attention to when choosing a bank? If you need to pay additional fees:

• commission for maintaining or opening a current account (if any),
• the amount of insurance (borrower insurance, title insurance, real estate insurance - depends on the tariffs of the insurance company with which the bank cooperates),
• cost of producing a report market value real estate.

Applying for a loan

When you have decided on banking program and make sure that you meet its requirements, you can safely apply for a loan. To purchase an apartment with a mortgage, you must submit the following documents to the bank:

• passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation of all participants in the transaction (borrower, co-borrower (spouse), guarantors, if any),
• documents on marital status,
• documents confirming income,
• certificates, schedules, documents on current obligations(about payment of alimony, existing loans, etc.).

The package of documents may differ depending on the requirements of the bank. You may also need SNILS, an insurance policy, education documents, a driver's license, etc. When submitting documents, you must fill out a form and application. It is advisable to indicate the most accurate and truthful information - this will help increase the chances of approval of the application.

After 1-5 days, the credit officer will inform the bank about the bank’s decision and inform you of the maximum possible amount to be disbursed, the approved rate and payment schedule.

If the application is approved (the decision is valid for 2-6 months), it’s time to start looking for a suitable apartment.

Selecting an object for a mortgage loan

When purchasing real estate in a building under construction, you should consider options only in houses accredited by a bank. This will simplify the mortgage transaction procedure as much as possible and protect you from scammers. The money will be transferred directly to the bank account of the developer or contractor, and the right to claim the apartment will pass to you.

Documents on the object for submission to the bank:

• preliminary purchase and sale agreement (agreement of intent, investment agreement etc.), concluded with the developer,
• documents confirming payment of the down payment (receipt, cash receipt) from the developer.

Thus, the package of real estate documents is minimal, but at the same time the purchase square meters in the primary market is associated with risks - bankruptcy of the developer, missed deadlines, etc.

In the case of purchasing an apartment on the secondary housing market, the package of documents is much wider and in each specific situation may vary. So, you need to collect:

• title documents (certificate of state registration of property rights, purchase and sale agreement (or donation, division of property, etc.),
• copies of sellers' passports,
• copy of personal account,
• technical, cadastral passport,
• extract from the Unified State Register.

They may also request:

• documents confirming the legal and legal capacity of sellers (certificates from dispensaries),
• certificates of absence of debts for utility bills, property taxes,
• other documents.

If real estate is purchased with a land plot, the list for the application is supplemented with documents on land ownership and the boundaries of the land plot.

After preliminary approval of the application, a market valuation report must be ordered and insurance policies must be provided.

Concluding a loan agreement and issuing a loan

When the bank took out positive decision Upon application for a mortgage, the most exciting and crucial moment comes - concluding a loan agreement and issuing credit funds.

Until now, banking institutions have two schemes for issuing loans: after state registration transactions using a safe deposit box. In the first case, the calculation algorithm is as follows: on the day of concluding the loan and security agreements, all buyers and sellers endorse the real estate purchase and sale agreement. On the same day, the borrower transfers the amount of the down payment to the owner of the apartment in cash or by transfer to the seller’s account, and a receipt for receipt of funds is drawn up.

Next, all documents are transferred to the Registration Authority and within 5 working days the owner of the apartment changes. For final settlement, the certificate is handed over to the bank employee, on the basis of which the amount of credit funds is credited to the borrower's account and then transferred to the seller. Confirmation of receipt of the amount and final settlement is the second receipt.

How does a mortgage transaction work using a safe deposit box?

When renting a cell, credit funds are issued on the day the loan documentation is signed. The amount of the down payment and loan funds is placed in a cell in the presence of a loan officer, borrowers and sellers and remains there until the state registration of the transaction. After submitting the certificate for the apartment to the bank, the cell is opened in the same composition, the money is transferred to the seller with a written receipt.

Registration of a transaction

In order for the transaction to be carried out with the registration authority (Justice, Rosreestr, etc.), you need to submit an application to sellers and buyers indicating personal data. The application must be accompanied by title documents, copies of passports, payment receipt state duty. If the seller's property is a joint property, the spouse's consent to the alienation of the property will also need to be drawn up by a notary.

Registration of transactions with encumbrances will require 5 working days, while ordinary transactions for the purchase and sale of real estate are registered within 30 days.

Features of mortgage programs

• Purchasing real estate on the secondary housing market

Since this segment is most in demand, the chance of encountering scammers is the greatest - the apartment may be mortgaged, illegally alienated, etc. If you doubt the legality of the sellers’ actions, we recommend taking out title insurance - this will protect you from losing your home in the event declaring the transaction invalid.

In addition, the finished housing must meet the bank's requirements. For example, it will not be possible to buy an apartment on the 1st floor with a balcony built on the ground - such redevelopment is very difficult to legalize. The same applies to other redevelopments - displacement of wet points, demolition load-bearing structures etc. As a result, the bank will not miss such a loan application.

There are other requirements for the object of collateral (each bank has its own): the housing should not be dilapidated, be in disrepair, should not have wooden floors (in multi-storey buildings), the distance from the city should not be more than 30-50 km, etc.

• Buying real estate in a new building

Purchasing real estate in a house under construction certainly involves risk, since often the borrower becomes the owner of the square meters even before they are built. This promises the possibility of poor-quality construction of walls, ceilings, floors, as well as poor repairs and finishing.

In addition, as mentioned above, there is a risk of bankruptcy of the developer, which will lead to the fact that the houses will not be built at all. To protect themselves from illiquid property, banks require a guarantee from 1-2 individuals.

It is also worth noting that the borrower has the right of claim for the entire construction period; he acquires ownership rights only after the house is commissioned and recognized as residential.

• Purchasing a share, a room

Purchasing a share or a separate room in an apartment is possible with the help of a mortgage loan only if, after the loan is issued, the entire property will belong to the borrower (in other words, there must be a redemption of the last share). We have already described how a mortgage is issued for a room and a share.

• Buying a house and land

Individual house on plot of land, townhouses are considered less liquid housing, so banks are reluctant to issue loans - the rate for this type of lending is higher. This is discussed in a separate post.

We hope you have no questions left. If there are any, please ask them in the comments. We would be grateful for your positive assessment of the article and repost on social networks.