One of the priorities of the state is to ensure dynamic development national economy for the long term. Innovative development is becoming an important tool for accelerating the development of the domestic economy.

In this regard, the oil and gas sector is one of the strategically important sectors of the economy, since it ensures the energy security of the country. Oil production is the main and most dynamically developing sector of the country's economy. Tax revenues from the oil and gas sector provide a third of budget revenues.

The increase in oil production and the implementation of a large-scale program to increase the resource base is one of the priority areas for the oil sector in the Republic of Kazakhstan. However, the raw material orientation of the Kazakh economy necessitates the development of innovative processes in this sector of the economy. The need to introduce innovative processes is caused by existing problems in the oil sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which include the following: dependence on market conditions; growth and improvement of the state of the raw material base; reduction of costs in all parts of the production process; ensuring environmental safety; creation of new productions; increase in the product market, etc.

In modern conditions, the increase in oil production is ensured both by the commissioning of new wells and by increased oil recovery through the use of new technologies. The quality of reserves at all fields is different, however, recoverable reserves are 30-40% of geological reserves. The volume of recoverable reserves depends on the technologies used in production, so the use of new technologies makes it possible to start exploiting reserves previously classified as non-recoverable, as well as increase the oil recovery factor by 5-7%.

Table 1 presents the most significant technological innovations in the four main segments oil and gas complex: exploration, drilling and injection of wells, production, organization of well repair.

Table 1 - The most significant technological innovations in the main segments of the oil and gas complex

Segments of the oil and gas complex	Technological innovation
Intelligence service	3D seismic 4D visualization Remote measurement Subsalt Imaging
Drilling and completion of wells	Hydraulic fracturing with a mixture of CO2 and sand coil pipes Horizontal drilling Telemetric system for determining parameters while drilling Multilateral drilling Offshore drilling Pneumatic drilling Drilling of small wells Synthetic drilling fluids
	Gas purification from components Artificial lift optimization coal seam gas production freeze and thaw/evaporation cycle Gas to liquid conversion gas shrinkage by glycol injection Modern mining processes gas leak protection pneumatic equipment for reducing pressure in the well Offshore platforms Downhole separation of oil and water Environmental protection programs Installation for the return of vapors to the liquid phase
Organization of well repair	Progressive approaches to organizing well workover Drilling rig for offshore fields Creation of infrastructure

New technologies have an impact on the development of international competition in the oil and gas sector of the economy:

• by increasing the value of assets and products of companies, which is an important advantage for consumers, shareholders and investors.
• due to the growth of companies' opportunities to develop in different segments. This trend contributes to the emergence of a number of lines of activity for companies. The mass development of these areas stimulates the expansion of the resource base of the oil and gas complex.
• by reducing production costs. The use of new technologies, along with restructuring, is the best solution to reduce costs in the oil industry.

The main elements of modern oil production technology are methods of influencing the reservoir and treating the bottomhole zone of wells (BW). When influencing the formation, the main goal is to replenish the formation energy by improving the filtration resistance to the movement of fluid in the near-wellbore zone. The greatest effect is usually achieved with the simultaneous application of reservoir stimulation and CCD treatment methods.

When the formation is stimulated, the formation pressure is maintained at the initial level, which makes it possible to develop the reservoir at high pressure drops between the injection lines of the working agent and the bottoms of oil wells, as well as eliminate the transition to operation in the dissolved gas mode, characterized by a low oil recovery factor.

When treating the bottomhole zone, the flow of oil into the well is accelerated as a result of an increase in the permeability of the formation in this zone (mechanical and thermal effects) or a decrease in oil viscosity (thermal effects).

Currently, more than 60 measures to restore well productivity are being used in the CIS and abroad, and more than 130 methods are under development.

In 2012, at the Kalamkas field, geological and technical activities (GTO) were carried out for 7 types, such as the commissioning of new wells, drilling of a horizontal sidetrack (BBGS), return to another horizon, hydraulic fracturing (HF), reshooting, reshooting, hydromechanical slot perforation (GMSHP).

So, for example, in 2012, 24 hydraulic fracturing was carried out in production wells and a positive economic effect was obtained in the amount of 287,833 thousand tenge. One-time costs for 24 hydraulic fracturing amounted to 713,610 thousand tenge, or an average of 29,734 thousand tenge for 1 hydraulic fracturing. Additional oil production in 2012 due to hydraulic fracturing amounted to 29,344.60 tons, or 1,222.69 tons per well.

Implementation of measures aimed at: improving well operation indicators, increasing the efficiency of wells and production equipment, increasing oil recovery, checking the reliability and tightness of wellhead and production string equipment, etc.

Literature:

1. The strategy of industrial innovative development Republic of Kazakhstan for 2003-2015. Approved by Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated May 17, 2003 No. 1096

2. Oil and problems of the national economy // Oil. Gas. Law of Kazakhstan. - 2010. - No. 34. - P.3-6.

3. O.I. Egorov. Oil and gas complex of Kazakhstan: problems of development and effective functioning. Almaty, 2003

4. Improving methods economic evaluation efficiency of investments in technological projects. Taikulakov. //Sayasat-Policy, No. 2, 2008, p.38. Industry of Kazakhstan. 06.2007, p.34.

The cost of gas and oil products determines not only the economic, but also the political picture of all countries of the world, therefore, public attention is constantly riveted to this factor. The pricing of these products is governed by two main parameters: the demand and general trends of competitive channels in the market, and the cost of the extraction and processing process. For this reason, in all countries there is an ongoing search for new technologies in oil and gas production.

A country in which the processes of oil and gas industry will be simplified and cheaper due to new developments, will be able to get higher profits after the sale of raw materials. This is the reason for continued support and funding by the government for research and development in this field, which ultimately leads to rapid progress in the field of gas and oil production around the world.

Infrasonic exploration of deposits

High accuracy of field search is a prerequisite for the rapid discovery and successful production of oil and gas deposits. The technologies used in the past often gave a significant error or did not adequately determine the presence of difficult-to-develop reservoirs. This made it difficult to develop wells up to the stage of extracting the product to the surface.

The modern ANCHAR technology, developed by Russian employees of RAO Gazprom, helped to bypass all such difficulties. The method is considered the most rational, not requiring high costs, and one of its main advantages is the absence of a negative impact on environment.

ANCHAR works according to the following scheme:

• a field of elastic vibrations is sent to carbon deposits with the help of special equipment;
• carbon matter comes into a stressed state;
• an interaction field appears, after which oil and gas deposits begin to generate their own infrasonic waves;
• these waves are read by special devices.

The only difficulty is that the staff must be well aware of the daily fluctuations in seismic activity, so as not to confuse periodic fluctuations with those generated by carbon deposits.

The application of new technologies in the oil and gas industry has also affected the methods of drilling injection and pumping wells. In the field of oil and gas production, the immutable rule is more productive production from places located near the coastline or at sea.

Onshore mining has become a whole direction that does not stop its movement. When developing offshore fields, deep-sea submersibles are used, replacing the work of people in the conditions of the sea depths. All such devices are very sensitive and respond to remote control, which can be carried out from a remote control located many tens of kilometers from the development. In addition, an ideal image is transmitted to people, which completely replaces the effect of presence on the spot and makes it possible to correctly assess the situation and make decisions in real time.

In addition to increasing the speed of reaction and the quality of information transfer, the developments are aimed at increasing the depth of the work being done. On this moment innovative devices for underwater drilling can perform their functions efficiently at a depth of 3 kilometers, and the equipment presented by German developers calmly withstands pressure and continues to function flawlessly at a distance of 3.6 km from the water surface.

During drilling, it is very important for the operator who controls and controls the process to keep track of the exact data on the passage of the drill shaft and decide how to change its direction.

The complex of measurements while drilling MWD allows the operator to fully understand what is happening during the introduction of the wellbore, how it is necessary to change the trajectory of its movement for normal rock destruction. To do this, a whole range of parameters is monitored: pressure, temperature limits, rock density, magnetic resonance and gamma radiation.

Obtaining all this data in real time allows you to prevent possible malfunctions and accidents, releases of substances to the surface until the right moment. With the help of such a system, it is possible to track the compliance of progress with the design intent.

The most difficult thing in this technique is the effective transmission of information from the depths of the face to the console. The use of cable in such conditions is not effective, cable communication is often broken and fails. The MWD system for this purpose uses a telemetry transmission based on the pulsation of the drilling fluid. This fluid acts as an acoustic channel that transmits sound waves in the form of a dual code. The code sequence is decoded by special devices at the operator's station.

Cross-linked polymer systems (SPS technology)

The second name of the technology is viscoelastic systems. It gives excellent results in the case of production from reservoirs at the last stages of development. Since the majority of oil and gas reserves were explored some time ago, it is with such deposits that one has to work more and more often. At the same time, the structure of deposits in the residual layers is gradually deteriorating, the quality of the extracted resources is falling, and the cost of production is steadily increasing.

SPS is aimed at lightening hard-to-recover interlayers of the productive layer, it dramatically reduces the flow of water through permeable zones with high level development and extraction of deposits.

In production wells, the pressure drop between injection and withdrawal increases. Filtration channels of hard-to-reach formations open into the common bottomhole and carry out oil-saturated reserves, which were not previously covered by waterflooding with the required intensity.

As a result of the use of cross-linked polymer systems, additional volumes of oil are efficiently extracted, which makes it possible to more fully develop the resource of each well.

GOS-1

GOS-1 technology is based on the use of composite fillers. The productivity of the method has been confirmed not only in test conditions, but has also been tested at production sites.

Composite fillers are pumped into the injection well, after which the dispersed phase is placed there with the forced supply of bottom water. After injection, the solution disperses according to the density, permeability and particle size of the composite agent.

The use of composite fillers makes it possible to include in the work interlayers that were previously considered exhausted, and increase the resource return from the well up to 20%.

The use of viscoelastic compositions (VUS)

This technology involves the addition of viscoelastic compositions to the displacement fluid, which, under conditions of high permeability, form a gel of enhanced strength and insulation. This leads to additional oil production from the reservoir, from which it was previously pumped out by all traditional methods.

Visco-elastic compositions have a low cost, but allow full-scale development of deposits at the last stages of development.

ASP

A high level of oil recovery is possible due to the use of innovative ASP technology. The name arose from the initial letters of the main agents: A - anionic surfactants (surfactants) and C - soda.

Each of the constituent parts of the solution performs a specific function. Anionic surfactants release the tension at the interface between the two phases between water and oil, which helps the oil flow freely from the remote zones of the formations. This substance, according to the piston principle, dilutes carbons and displaces them into the surface layers of the solution. Soda complements the polymer and performs another role: it changes the electrical charge of the layer, which prevents the evaporation of anionic surfactants.

Now, to confirm the effectiveness of the ASP technology, an industrial site has been built, where 4 injection and 1 production wells are equipped. Production in this zone is carried out according to the residual principle, that is, the main reserves of the deposit have already been withdrawn. The preparation of a solution based on anionic surfactants and soda is carried out on the same territory, at least 600 cubic meters of the reagent are prepared per day.

It is assumed that with the spread of this extraction method, it will be possible to give a second wind to the places where oil and gas fields have traditionally been developed.

The technology of hydraulic fracturing in the construction of sites began to be applied in the second half of the last century. Now it has been finalized, which makes it possible to extract the maximum amount of oil and gas from the former fields.

The new technology makes it possible to obtain additional inflow from the most low-permeability reservoirs, where conventional drilling becomes unprofitable. After hydraulic fracturing, an extensive network of small fractures appears in the reservoir, which can extend for kilometers in the rock structure. In order to prevent their reverse displacement, reagents are pumped into these cracks, consisting of water and special granules - proppant.

An artificially created network of cracks and small faults contributes to the rapid and volumetric flow of the oil and gas mixture to the production site, from where it will be freely transferred to the surface.

All innovative technologies related to oil and gas production require a phased implementation, since for a full-scale replacement traditional ways huge financial costs are required, for the payback of which it will take a long time. This problem could be solved by various programs state support or preferential taxation.

New methods being developed around the world are also aimed at reducing the environmental impact of the oil refining industry. Invention modern technologies steadily raises the standards of oil and gas production, from which all of humanity is benefiting.

Gazprom Neft has received 13 patents for inventions in the field of oil refining technologies since the beginning of 2016. The total number of patented developments of the company in this area has amounted to 31 to date, another 19 applications are under consideration by Rospatent experts.

In 2016, the company continued to implement national project for the development of catalyst production at the Omsk Refinery. To carry out research work within the framework of this project, Gazprom Neft has partnered with leading Russian research centers — the Institute for Problems of Hydrocarbon Processing (Omsk), the Institute of Catalysis. G.K. Boreskova (Novosibirsk) and others. The cooperation has already resulted in patents for technologies for the production of efficient catalysts that are not inferior to foreign analogues and ensure the production of diesel fuels of the Euro-5 standard.

One of the patents received by the company protects the innovative technology of plasma-chemical decomposition of hydrogen sulfide into hydrogen and sulfur, which, unlike the traditional technology by the Claus-Scott reaction, allows to reduce capital and operating costs by 67% and 34%, respectively, and eliminate emissions of sulfur compounds, reduce emissions carbon dioxide. In the future, the company plans to introduce this technology into production at the Omsk Oil Refinery.

Gazprom Neft also received six letters of protection for computer simulators simulating the operation of operating process units at the Omsk Oil Refinery. They are used at a training ground, unique for the oil refining industry, equipped with simulators of technological processes in the field of oil refining. One of the patented computer programs is used to simulate calculations of optimal scheduling of gasoline production. Computer systems developed by Gazprom Neft jointly with Tomsk Polytechnic University and allow optimizing training programs for unit operators, retraining and advanced training of personnel at the company's oil refining assets, simulating technical processes at plants, which is designed to increase work efficiency industrial complexes and use of raw materials refineries.

In 2016, Gazprom Neft plans to file an international application for its own technology and applications for patents in several European countries and USA.

“The development of technologies and the introduction of innovations are the priority areas of the company's activity, the focus of its long-term strategy. Building your own base scientific developments By stimulating the development of intellectual potential, we form a solid foundation for the competitiveness of the company's oil refining assets. The technologies and innovations patented by Gazprom Neft are designed to further ensure the achievement of the company's strategic goals and reduce the dependence of Russian oil refining on imported products and technologies,” said Deputy CEO Gazprom Neft for Logistics, Refining and Sales Anatoly Cherner.

In an interview, Gazprom Neft's Chief Technology Officer and Head of its Scientific and Technical Center (STC) M. Khasanov explained why the company today pays such attention to the development of technologies and digitalization.

Gazprom Neft is one of the leaders in oil and gas industry Russia for technological development. In an interview, Gazprom Neft's Chief Technology Officer and Head of its Scientific and Technical Center (STC) M. Khasanov explained why the company today pays such attention to the development of technologies and digitalization.

Gazprom Neft in last years pays great attention to the development of technologies, including digital ones. In this regard, the company is one of the leaders in the Russian oil and gas industry. Why is the development of technology an important direction in the development of the company today?

The development of technology today is the main task in the oil industry as a whole: the so-called easily recoverable hydrocarbon reserves are running out, we are moving to work with completely new reserves, in new regions, where other approaches are simply needed. When I talk about technologies, I mean an extended concept of this term. This is not only new equipment, new materials, but also new organization labor, new methods of preparation and decision-making, processing and storage of information. Our task is to achieve radical efficiency. Usually, speaking about efficiency, they mean 10% -15%. However, in order to master hard-to-recover reserves, whose share is growing every day, an increase of 60% or more is required, that is, radical changes.

- What parameters can be used to measure efficiency?

If we are talking about oil production, then this is its unit cost. The efficiency of a well is determined by its cost and the amount of oil that can be produced with it. Today we have to use more high-tech, more complex and, as a result, more expensive wells. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the increase in well productivity is greater than the increase in cost. Only in this way will we be able to increase efficiency by 50% -100%.

- What is the role of the Science and Technology Center (STC) under your leadership?

The STC is engaged in the creation of technologies, their testing and implementation. We carry out the process of technological management. That is, together with the production departments of the STC, it forms a technological strategy, is responsible for its administration and updating. Next, we organize the effective implementation of this strategy.

- What is the technological strategy of Gazprom Neft?

Technological strategy is a tool for mastering new classes of resources and improving work efficiency. IN current form it was approved in 2014 and includes 9 directions technological development that will bring us the maximum effect, taking into account the portfolio of projects that the company has.

The strategy is formed from two sides: first of all, we go from the needs of our production assets. For example, we clearly know how many hard-to-recover reserves, which are currently unprofitable to develop, are in the piggy bank of Gazprom Neft. The task is to select technological keys in order to make the exploitation of such deposits profitable.

On the other hand, we are exploring new opportunities, watching how science develops, what new products and solutions appear, what new information Technology the environment for innovation can offer. And we are looking for opportunities to use these innovations, including those emerging in other industries, to increase efficiency.

Among the 9 directions of the Technical Strategy is the development of unconventional resources, the so-called shale oil, the analogue of which in Russia is considered the Bazhenov formation. We are working on the creation of approaches and technologies for the development of one of the largest resources: the increase in reserves from unconventional sources of bazhen can reach 760 million tons of oil.

Further, since about 70% of our capital expenditures are for drilling wells, one of the main directions of the technological strategy is new technologies for drilling and completing wells. The goal is to reduce them as much as possible. unit cost without quality loss. Of course, working with new categories of reserves leads to the fact that the price and complexity of wells are growing. But this should happen in a controlled way, and not dozens of times. At the same time, we strive to select technologies that allow a well with a high cost to produce several times more oil than traditional. That is, a well becomes twice as expensive, and we get three times more oil. According to our estimates, in 2025, the effect of this technological area may reach 100 billion rubles. This is the amount of potential cost savings.

Another direction is methods of enhanced oil recovery (EOR), which can provide additional production of more than 60 million tons of oil equivalent. And exploration technologies - to increase the company's resource base by 100 million toe. This is also in the perspective of 2025.

Of course, one of the most important areas is digitalization. Our company was engaged in this work back in 2012, when even the term “digitalization” was practically not used. We called this area "Electronic Asset Development". Why is it important? The fact is that an oil company does not drill or build wells by itself - our contractors do it. The main task of the oilmen is to prepare the most effective investment decisions. This process involves working with a huge amount of data, modeling, rigorous analysis of information. And if equipment and materials can create service companies, then we need to develop decision-making algorithms ourselves - this is the basis for the development of our business. Of course, the digital solutions that we create based on these algorithms allow us to evaluate our projects and determine how to make them optimally effective.

- What effect should the implementation of the technical strategy bring?

The overall expected effect of the Technical Strategy in the perspective of 2025 is the involvement in the development of more than 100 million tons of additional reserves, more than 100 billion rubles of cost savings.

- How is the technical strategy implemented?

As I said, the technical strategy is divided into nine areas. Each includes different projects. Over the past three years, more than 120 projects have been launched, which are now in progress. Everyone has a steering committee, a project team, a project leader. Upon completion of the project, we determine its effectiveness, and, if successful, we transfer it to large-scale implementation. At the same time, in the first year we continue to monitor the replication process.

- How is the technology selection process going?

Let's show this with an example. Suppose we are offered a new fracturing fluid injection technology for the development of under-gas deposits, so that when we extract oil, we do not affect gas reservoirs. The first stage is the assessment of the proposed technology, modeling of the processes occurring during hydraulic fracturing using the proposed technology. Today we are the center of expertise, which allows us to make our own assessment - whether we agree with the results that we are promised. We have long moved away from experimental tests "in the field" at the first stage. About 30% of the staff of our scientific and technical center are physicists and mathematicians with fundamental academic education. In their first specialty, they were not connected with the oil and gas industry, but now they use their knowledge to solve the problems of our business. They take a great part in the analysis of technologies, carry out the necessary calculations. Having understood, based on the results of laboratory and mathematical experiments, that the technology can be useful, we determine what increase in production it will allow us to obtain, and how much it will cost us. We have a very well-developed so-called cost engineering, that is, we can calculate the cost of various objects and processes in advance. After that, we will be able to understand whether the new technology will become cost-effective.

Next we come to the selection stage. We have to design the experiment. After that, we enter real deposits, carry out 2-3 operations using innovation. If the forecasts justify or exceed our expectations, large-scale implementation begins.

- Let's return to the issue of digitalization. In what segments is it needed today?

I will talk about the block associated with the development of deposits. Life cycle The asset consists of stages of exploration, development, production. And everywhere digitalization is needed, because the modeling, design and implementation of projects in the oil industry are associated with the processing of a huge amount of information. On the other hand, this information is constantly lacking, because most of the data is indirect. We can cover the entire drilling rig with sensors, measure everything that can be measured, but never fully understand the properties of the reservoir. Since most of the data is, in fact, indirect signs that need to be further interpreted. But the greater the amount of indirect information, the greater the confidence that you correctly determine the properties of the reservoir. Only with the help of machine learning and analysis of the relationships between indirect data and reservoir properties can we more or less accurately determine its direct characteristics.

- At all stages?

Undoubtedly. Let's start with the exploration phase. As I said, we can determine the properties of the reservoir only by indirect indicators. We conduct seismic surveys, but the results of seismic data processing can only give an approximate idea of ​​the structure of the reservoir. And in this case, a priori information helps us a lot. We get it using basin modeling. That is, we create models of huge oil and gas basins located on gigantic territories. Having modeled such a basin, we understand what layers a particular field can consist of. And by understanding what kind of reservoir it is, we can more confidently interpret seismic data. Moreover, using this information, we can significantly improve the efficiency of the seismic survey design (for example, by placing the seismic sensors correctly, moving away from the uniform spacing). This is called full wave modeling and it allows us to choose the right technology for seismic, spreading, seismic survey design, seismic data processing and interpretation. This is just one example. In fact, all intelligence tasks are related to the interpretation of indirect data, the attraction of analogues and continuous learning.

The development of any field begins with a concept. How is this part happening in the industry? Usually they say this: we have such and such a reservoir, we will place so many wells on it. As a result, the production profile is determined, under which the infrastructure is being built. But in fact, the production forecast cannot be made only on the basis of an estimate of the reservoir productivity. An integrated view of the entire system "reservoir-wells-pads-development" as a whole is needed. It is necessary to assess not only the productivity of wells, but also their cost, as well as the cost of facilities and infrastructure that needs to be built in order to ensure one or another level of oil and gas production. Thus, we carry out system engineering. We make decisions based on economics, and must consider different options for the production profile when different options arrangement. And at each stage, evaluate how a change in one or another parameter will affect the system as a whole. For example, the results of the drilling of the first wells have been obtained - they must immediately be taken into account and the estimates corrected. And already at the concept stage, we need to know the cost of the project. Unfortunately, this problem was not solved in Russia, because we believe that the cost can be determined only after the preparation of the estimate documentation.

- And what are you doing?

Costengineering works for us. We create value models software, which allows modeling the system as a whole and calculating the NPV of the project under a variety of scenario conditions and values ​​of reservoir and fluid parameters. This requires a huge number of calculations, sorting through millions of options, such work can only be fully performed by a machine using cognitive technologies.

System engineering, when we see the entire field as common system, is also associated with a large amount of computing and is inseparable from digital technologies. And system engineering allows us to get the maximum effect from the project: after all, it is at the initial stage, when nothing has been built yet, that you can change the parameters in such a way as to achieve the optimum. That is why programs are so important that allow us to work with data at the initial stages of a project, determining the most effective solutions. When the field is already running, the value of IT products is significantly reduced, because there is much less room for change.

After we have made a concept, we transfer it to design and estimate institutes, they will prepare design and estimate documentation, offer technical solutions. At the same time, we must ensure that the most correct design decisions are made. To do this, we create so-called standard technical solutions. And here we are all these bases standard solutions we store and transfer to design institutes. In the future, machines will also be able to do all this.

- Here the project is ready. Mining has begun. What's next?

Next, we solve several problems: the safety and integrity of equipment, reducing operating costs and increasing oil recovery. A person cannot keep track of all the processes and quickly change something in the production process. Machines do it. Again digital technology.

- If you compare Gazprom Neft with the leaders of the oil industry, do you have anything to brag about?

First, I would like to highlight our progress in the development of tight reservoirs. Today we are developing an oil field, and in the waterflooding mode, where the reservoirs have a permeability of about 1 millidarcy. This is a unique experience. In the West, this is practically non-existent. The second thing in which, I believe, we are ahead of Russian companies and are at the forefront, in comparison with the West, is cost engineering and system engineering. The third is, of course, digitalization. Moreover, I believe that we differ from other companies in the focus of digitalization. Almost all oil companies, when they talk about digitalization, mean a digital field. But this concept includes the digitalization of an already developed field. All money in digitalization is invested at the production stage. But where is the value created? As I said, the main value is created at the concept stage. At this stage, a radical efficiency of 50%-100% can be achieved. When you are already living in the implementation stage, then the efficiency can be corrected by 10% -15%. Almost none of the majors in the world invests the main money in digitalization at the concept stage. Is our competitive advantage consists precisely in this.

- Do you need partnerships with other companies in Russia and in the world?

Undoubtedly. We cooperate with all leading Russian universities. We try not to lose contact with Western universities, although in Lately these ties are weakening. We cooperate with everyone oil companies in Russia and abroad, with which we have common projects. We have very a large number of contacts with service companies.

- In 2017, a delegation from Saudi Arabia visited the STC. How is your collaboration developing?

We exchange experience, think about launching technological projects in Russia and Saudi Arabia. When the price of oil dropped to minimum values, everyone thought about radical efficiency.

Recently, our specialists met and held a three-day technical session in four areas: drilling practices, well design and drilling technology, development of reservoirs with low permeability, development of a multi-stage hydraulic fracturing project. These are the areas we can work together on.

- Are there any areas that the Saudis are especially interested in?

For example, they were interested in the methods of conceptual design, the methodology for assessing the value of information. Geomechanics is also a very important area. We were the first in the country to create a center for geomechanics. They can get these technologies only from service companies, and we can offer our developments.

INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA: THE ROLE OF OIL AND GAS BUSINESS

T. POGODAEVA, D. ZHAPAROVA, N. KAZANTSEVA, Tyumen State University

The analysis of the innovative development of the Russian oil and gas sector in comparison with the innovative development of the US oil and gas industry is carried out. In order to identify the role of individual entities in the development of the national innovation system (NIS) of the country, an econometric analysis was carried out. The obtained results testify to the significant role of the oil and gas industry in the innovative development of the national economy. The author's vision of the model of accelerated innovative development of the oil and gas business in Russia is shown. The publication was prepared within the framework of the research project No. 15-32-01350 supported by the Russian Humanitarian Foundation.

Gives an analysis of the innovative development of the Russian oil and gas sector in comparison with the innovative development of the oil and gas industry in the US. Econometric analysis was conducted in order to identify the role of individual actors in the development of a national innovation system (NIS) of the country. The results indicate the important role of the oil and gas industry in the innovative development of the national economy. The author’s vision of the model of accelerated innovative development of oil and gas business in Russia has shown.

In recent decades, the global oil and gas industry has shown a rapid acceleration of innovative development and technological sophistication of production processes. The following figures speak of the role of the Russian oil and gas segment of the economy: the oil and gas sector forms about 20% of GDP, 50% of income in the structure federal budget. From the export of oil, gas and refined products in the total export volume, we receive 67% foreign exchange earnings, the oil industry provides 25% of the volume of investments in fixed assets. Despite the dynamic pace of modernization of the oil and gas sector in Russia, there are still problems of unformed innovative business behavior and lack of coordination between the participants in the innovation process. In this regard, it is especially important to study the innovative development of oil and gas companies as the main subjects of the Russian innovation system as a whole.
The concept of national innovation systems (NIS) has attracted the attention of economists since the 1980s. XX century. In general, the concept of a national innovation system is interpreted differently by various specialists, but the majority adheres to an institutional approach to its definition, in which NIS is understood as “a set of institutions related to private and public sectors, which individually and in interaction with each other determine the development and dissemination of innovations within a particular state. The role of the business sector (namely oil and gas companies) in the development of the national innovation system was studied by V. Kryukov (2013), V. Marshak (2013), A. Kontorovich (2013) .

Under national investment systems(NIS) is understood as "a set of institutions belonging to the private and public sectors, which individually and in interaction with each other determine the development and dissemination of innovations within a particular state."

Today, the Russian oil and gas industry, despite the sanctions pressure, is at the stage of active modernization and increasing the knowledge intensity of products. What are the main trends and character traits modern stage its innovative development?
1. The business sector of the oil and gas industry of the NIS of Russia is characterized by a positive trend in the indicators of innovative activity, but relative to foreign competitors, there is a limited demand for R&D, which slows down the overall modernization of the entire oil and gas industry of the country. For the period 2008 - 2013. there is an increase in investments in R&D of companies with state participation - OJSC NK Rosneft and PJSC Gazprom. The most rapid growth is illustrated by OAO NK Rosneft, which is currently the leader in terms of investment in R&D in the Russian oil and gas sector. The amount of funding for research and development by companies without state participation is significantly lower. Comparison of Russian companies with foreign competitors indicates a significant lag. Only the volume of expenditures on R&D by Rosneft in 2013 reached the level of Halliburton, $0.41 billion and $0.59 billion, respectively (Fig. 1).
Indicators of return on investment in R&D of companies in the Russian and American oil and gas sectors for the period 2007 - 2013. are presented in fig. 2. The largest average value of the indicator for the period under review belongs to ExxonMobil, Royal Dutch Shell and Chevron also demonstrate a fairly high return on investment in R&D for the industry. The decrease in the Rosneft indicator is explained by the active increase in the volume of investment in R&D in 2011-2014, the effect of which manifests itself with some lag.

The state budget today is the largest source of financing for Russian industry R&D, holding a share of 60% in overall structure funding scientific organizations public and business sectors
Russia.

2. Relatively low innovative activity of Russian companies in the oil and gas sector. In many ways this feature due to the disinterest of companies in increasing spending on R&D, despite the completely opposite global trend - increasing investment in Scientific research oil and gas companies, as well as a greater interest in obtaining rapid technological development through the purchase of technologies from their foreign competitors than in the long-term development of their own innovative potential. It should be noted that Russian oil and gas companies demonstrate a significant increase in the number of patent applications filed, but against the background of the performance of US oil and gas companies, the Russian business sector shows a serious backlog (Fig. 3).
3. Relative limitedness and one-sidedness of relations between the subjects of the NIS of Russia, in particular, in the oil and gas sector. In 2012 share of funds Russian organizations the business sector in the structure of financing of sectoral scientific organizations amounted to 25.1%, an increase of 2.3% compared to 2011. On average, organizations in the oil and gas sector outsource only 2% of the annual R&D volume to industry research institutes (according to 2010-2013 data), preferring to carry out scientific research to a greater extent in intra-corporate scientific structures. A stable vertical connection between the sectors of the state and science should be highlighted. The interaction between them is mainly implemented through budgetary financing of industry-specific research institutes. The state budget today is the largest source of funding for Russian industrial R&D, accounting for a 60% share in the total structure of funding for scientific organizations in the state and business sectors of Russia. Forms of vertical communication between the scientific and business sectors and in the oil and gas industry are R&D, as well as the training and education of employees of oil and gas companies. In general, for the period under review 2007 - 2013, according to oil and gas companies, there was an increase in the number of corporate scholarships for students and grants for young teachers (Fig. 4).
Horizontal links between Russian oil and gas companies are limited due to the fact that companies are more focused on developing internal corporate innovation infrastructure than on conducting external research projects with competing companies.

The most promising elements of the innovative structure of the Russian oil and gas sector are the industry technology platforms (TP) “Deep processing of hydrocarbon resources” and “Technologies for the production and use of hydrocarbons”.

4. The prevalence of "technological adapters" over "strategic innovators" among Russian oil and gas companies. Russian companies oil and gas sector prefer to buy new technology and equipment from foreign competitors, and their innovation activities are mainly aimed at adapting innovations created by other organizations. Over the past 10 years, the knowledge intensity of the products of Russian oil and gas companies has grown, on average for the industry, by 0.06%, amounting to 0.12%. However, according to this indicator they lag far behind the level of similar European (0.40%) and American corporations (0.60%) .

5. Increasing R&D outsourcing. Companies in the oil and gas sector of Russia are gradually moving to conducting research on a contract basis by external contractors, mainly partner universities. This trend characterizes the presence of possible prerequisites for the development of open innovations in the Russian oil and gas industry and an increase in cooperation between the scientific and business sectors of the Russian national innovation system.

Russian companies in the oil and gas sector prefer to acquire new technology and equipment from foreign competitors, and their innovation activities are mainly aimed at adapting innovations created by other organizations.

To identify the role of individual entities in the development of the NIS of the country as a whole, the authors conducted an econometric analysis for the period 2001-2012. data-driven World Bank. The results of the evaluation of the regression model are presented in Table.
Based on the results of an econometric analysis of the impact of the level of innovativeness of the NIS subjects on the level of development of the innovation system, it can be stated that the most significant indicators for the econometric model of the NIS of Russia are the business sector’s R&D expenses, as well as patent applications of the oil and gas industry, which directly affect the resulting indicator in all proposed models for Russian NIS. The results of the analysis confirm the significant role of the oil and gas industry in the innovative development of the national economy.
The innovative development of oil and gas companies as subjects of the NIS of Russia is largely slowed down due to the relative underdevelopment of the system of relationships between the subjects of the NIS, which is largely determined by the state of the country's innovation infrastructure. In order to develop the innovation infrastructure as a whole, it is necessary to form network forms of organization of innovation activities in all sectors of the economy, including the oil and gas complex.
The development of state level, taking into account foreign practice, a number of price indicators and coefficients (to assess the complexity of orders public corporations for R&D to small innovative enterprises). In the future, this will help create more favorable conditions for small businesses to conclude contracts with oil and gas corporations (with predominant state participation).

The most promising elements of the innovative structure of the Russian oil and gas sector are the industry technology platforms (TP) “Deep processing of hydrocarbon resources” and “Technologies for the production and use of hydrocarbons”. In this regard, in order to solve the problems of functioning of industry-specific TPs, it is necessary, first of all, to change the composition of platform participants by attracting financial and credit organizations and state development institutions to the TP participants; creation of international partnerships based on the TA by increasing the number of foreign participants in the TA structure; as well as involvement in the process of formation and functioning of the platforms of ministries and departments responsible for strategic development relevant sectors of the economy; building a chain for the development of legislative initiatives from the platforms.

Literature

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