Many individuals, private business owners are trying to invest available funds to ensure their safety and increase accumulated capital. Funds in circulation allow you to receive additional income and avoid the negative effects of inflation, which are especially noticeable if the money is simply kept at home or in a bank account.

At the same time, collective investment – ​​investing in investment shares – is in great demand. An investment share is one of the types of registered securities assigned to its owner.

The security guarantees the owner the following rights:

• ownership of part of the property included in the mutual fund;
• right to trust management its shares;
• right to compensation Money in case of termination of the activities of a mutual fund.

These types of securities are issued by mutual funds. Each investment unit secures an equal share in the fund and equal rights for all investors.

The assets of the mutual investment fund are managed by a management company, which uses investors’ money to favorable price purchases shares, bonds, other securities or real estate. Part of the income remains in management company(commission is about 1.5-2%), the remaining funds are evenly distributed among the owners of investment shares.

This is very convenient, since shareholders do not need to understand the intricacies of concepts such as “futures” or “eurobonds” themselves; specialists from the management company do this for them.

Owners of investment shares can sell them, donate them or pass them on by inheritance.

Features of investment units

Investment shares have a number of features and differences from other securities. For example, investment shares have no par or underlying value. Their cost is determined by the company depending on the needs of the fund.
In addition, investment units are not available for free sale on trading platforms. Operations for the acquisition of investment units and their sale can be carried out exclusively by the owners of the mutual fund.

Another feature of investment shares is the absence of customary compensation, that is, the owners of such securities do not receive additional profit similar to interest payments. Profit in in this case is the increase in the value of the investment unit itself, and it is obtained by selling it.

Cash investments in investment shares have many positive aspects for individuals.

The advantages of such investment include the following characteristics:

• the opportunity to participate in the circulation of securities;
• the opportunity to receive high passive income (owners of investment shares do not take part in making decisions and taking actions aimed at receiving dividends; they entrust asset management to specialized management companies);
• minimizing possible risks and losses associated with ineffective investment management (asset management is always carried out by professionals);
• preferential taxation (no income tax is paid, only 13% tax on the sale of assets is subject to payment).

Depending on the types of investment funds in which funds are invested, there are several main types of investment shares.

Types of investment units:

• investment units of open-end mutual investment funds;
• closed mutual investment funds;
• interval mutual investment funds;
• exchange-traded investment funds.

The difference between us lies in how and when holders of investment units can carry out sales, purchases or exchanges.

Investment units of the first type ensure the owner’s right to demand their redemption and payment monetary compensation on any working day. Accordingly, the estimated value of the shares is formed daily. Investment units of the second type involve the redemption of units in advance fixed time(for example, if a closed-end fund is created for two years, redemption is possible after the expiration of this period).

Investment units of the third type provide for the possibility of periodic redemption of units according to established time intervals. The estimated cost is generated monthly and after the end of the interval.

Investment units of the fourth type provide investors with the most extensive rights. The principle of their operation is the same as that of open-ended funds, while shares can be sold on exchanges.

How to make money by investing in investment shares

If you want to try investing in investment shares, it is better to distribute the money between several mutual funds at once, with different investment terms, profitability and risk levels.

When choosing a management company, find out its history, rating, balance of sales for different periods - this is very important!

Compare performance with other similar funds. Choose the most profitable and least risky fund. Please remember that mutual fund returns may vary. The highest income comes from open-end stock funds, bond funds and funds mixed investments. Profit generation is influenced by factors such as overall economic situation in the country and the degree of risk when carrying out transactions. Particularly risky transactions can result in both significant profits and losses.

To obtain high income, it is recommended to invest for a long period, since the increase in asset value does not occur quickly. If funds are invested in stocks, it is better to invest for three to five years; if in bonds, one year may be enough.

The size of the investment share itself is also important. With minimal cash investments the profit will also be minimal, so purchasing shares worth several thousand rubles does not make much sense. After purchasing an investment unit, try to monitor its profitability. Do not sell a share immediately after a fall in value - a fall is often followed by an increase.

IN Lately The securities market is becoming increasingly popular in the Russian Federation. But very few Russians can distinguish an investment unit from stocks or bonds.

That's why people become interested in them. What do these securities provide to their owners and how much can you earn from them? Let’s figure it out together.

The concept of an investment share and its distinctive features

Recently, more and more people are trying to invest their savings in different financial organizations, allowing you to earn decent income from the turnover of these funds.

IN Russian Federation In order to attract banknotes from individuals and legal entities, various financial and economic organizations began to actively develop, providing securities in exchange for the transferred amount of money. The emergence of investment shares belongs to one of the types of securities, which have their own differences.

An investment share is a certain type of form of security indicating the name of the owner, which indicates that a person has provided funds to the fund for the implementation of financial transactions for the purpose of making a profit.

These types of documents are issued mutual funds(MUIF) collective forms of ownership.

Participants pool their funds and create a common budget, from which they allocate to various projects to make a profit. Securities can be purchased with funds. They can be provided for implementation by other industrial development projects of enterprises that pay interest for investing finances. At the same time, the receipt of a share of income is distributed strictly in proportion to the invested funds of the creators of the mutual fund.

What a share is is described in the following video:

Procedure for maintaining the register of shareholders

Every investment fund conducts registration of shareholders. To create a register, the accountant fills in the initial data, and then it is generated automatically while working with the program.

Adjustments when adding or withdrawing shares from the fund are made as they are received or issued. When a share contribution is made to the receipt, the program immediately makes an additional entry in the register indicating the date of entry and personal data of the shareholder. Similar actions are performed when entering expense data: a record is automatically added about the date of departure of a particular investor.

If a shareholder repeatedly enters and exits a mutual fund, then each time a new entry is added to the register. The history of his relationship with the fund can be viewed in his personal file under the “Contributions” item.

The software allows you to view the history of entry or exit of any member of the fund from among the shareholders. Based on the movement of funds, a three reports about fund participants:

1. Register of joining and leaving shareholders.
2. List of available shareholders as of the date of the report.
3. List of persons - analysis of contracts.

The general register of shareholders includes both joining and retired members of the mutual fund. The law requires an entry to be made about the investor joining the members of a consumer credit cooperative after he has paid the full share of the share contribution. If he terminates his partnership and his share of the money is paid to him, then an appropriate entry must be made to this effect.

If you have not yet registered an organization, then easiest way do this using online services, which will help you generate all the necessary documents for free: If you already have an organization, and you are thinking about how to simplify and automate accounting and reporting, then the following online services will come to the rescue, which will completely replace an accountant in your company and save a lot money and time. All reporting is generated automatically and signed electronic signature and is sent automatically online. It is ideal for individual entrepreneurs or LLCs on the simplified tax system, UTII, PSN, TS, OSNO.
Everything happens in a few clicks, without queues and stress. Try it and you will be surprised how easy it has become!

Income and expenses of shareholders

The income from the share is equal to the difference received between the price at the time of its sale and the cost of acquisition.

Owning it does not provide for periodic interest accrual or dividend payments.

That's why main profit from investing funds is formed as a result of their sale, provided that their value has increased during the period between purchase and redemption.

The value of the document is influenced by the securities available in the fund's portfolio. If, as a result of an investment, the price of its contents has increased, then the value of each share will also rise in price.

The difference between the amounts of purchase and sale of shares is shareholder profit. But the value of securities is constantly subject to risks and fluctuations, so income from investments in mutual funds is not guaranteed by the state or the management of the fund. By investing money in an investment share in order to receive higher interest rates than in a bank, a person is aware of and takes on possible market risks.

Most often, the investor buys an investment share based on historical profitability information. It should be noted that Management Companies are very interested in receiving high level profit, because this affects the flow of investment into the fund. For this, the manager receives an appropriate remuneration.

In practice, quite often the actual income from investing in an investment share is significantly higher than the amount of profit when calculating interest on bank deposits for a period of 1-2 years or more.

But, despite such results of the mutual fund’s activities The shareholder needs to take into account the following:

• The results of previous years have no effect on future value share.
• The share price may increase or decrease.
• There is no state guarantee of receiving income for a share contribution to the fund.

The buyer of this type of securities needs to study in detail the Rules of Trust Management of the fund from which you are purchasing the investment share. If you have any questions, ask your financial advisor right away.

Now let's talk about expenses of shareholders, which are of two types:

1. Payment for services received from legal entities participating in the work of the mutual fund.
2. Costs for premiums and discounts when buying and selling shares.

In the first paragraph, the amount of remuneration for managers and other participants is determined as a percentage of average annual cost fund assets. It is distributed in proportion to equity deposits daily. But the law introduced a limit on the total remuneration for all participants servicing the activities of the fund, maximum size which cannot be more than 10% of the value of assets.

Amount of expenses for the accrual of a premium or discount - these are deductions payable to the management company for the purchase or sale of shares. The size of the premium can be 0-2%, which depends on the amount invested. The discount is charged in the amount of 0 – 3% depending on the period of participation in the fund.

Rights of unit holders

The received document empowers its owner the following rights:

• confirms his share in the ownership of the mutual fund;
• insist on reliable management fund assets;
• to receive finance as compensation in case of severance of relations with the fund.

A person who has invested cash savings in a mutual fund can, at his own discretion, carry out such actions with the securities he purchased:

• sell;
• present;
• pass on by inheritance;
• invest in other similar funds, if this is specified in the rules of the mutual fund.

Sale of shares

What distinguishes a share from other types of securities is that it not subject to sale through an exchange, broker, or. They are sold personally to those to whom they are registered. And these documents are purchased only by the company that manages the fund’s assets.

The document itself has no face value. Therefore, when opening and initially selling shares, the price is set by the management company. The price they set is valid for the first 3 months. The further price depends on the available securities in the mutual fund portfolio. In the process of repurchasing stock obligations from shareholders, the management company sets the current share price. It can be either higher or lower than the cost that had to be paid at the time of its acquisition. The price must be published in the press.

According to the terms of redemption, funds are two types: open and interval. Daily redemption is carried out by open mutual funds. Redemption of a share after the expiration of the agreed period is carried out by interval funds, and the redemption must be made at least once a year. Under such conditions, they can be sold in whole or in part at the request of the shareholder.

Mutual Fund payments are made in this order:

• interval - within 3 working days from the end of the application acceptance period;
• open - the first 3 working days after the date of application.

The legislation of the Russian Federation allocates 10 working days for the management company to settle with the stock shareholder, during which it is necessary to transfer the entire amount to the bank account specified by him in the application.

Inheritance

How is the donation or inheritance of these documents carried out? The person in whose name the shares are registered can transfer them by inheritance or donate them. To do this, re-registration of property rights is carried out. The application must be submitted to the fund's asset management company.

The law states that if the rights are transferred to the spouse, then such circumstances are not subject to tax. In other cases, tax is charged at the established rate.

Taxation from transactions with investment shares

An important and positive aspect of this type of investment in a fund is the preferential tax regime. No tax is collected from them, because the fund is not a legal entity.

Taxation of individuals

As for the mutual fund participants, they are required to pay tax in the amount of 13% as a resident of the Russian Federation, i.e. including a foreigner if he stays in Russia for more than 183 days a year. He must pay tax if he actually received income with a positive investment result. In case of receiving losses for the sale of shares tax liability it disappears on its own.

Tax collection is paid only in case of redemption of investment units; otherwise, the investor can hold the units from year to year without paying taxes. But as soon as the moment of redemption has arrived, as a result of which income was received, the shareholder is obliged to pay a tax in the amount of 13% of the difference between the value at the time of redemption of the shares and the price at the time of their purchase. For non-residents the tax rate is higher and is 30%.

Note! If an agreement on the elimination of double taxation has been concluded between the Russian Federation and a non-resident state, then he needs to submit an application to the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation for taxes and fees for recalculation tax contribution, and they will return all or part of the amount to him.

Taxation of legal entities

During the payment of the amount of mutual funds received by a legal entity from the sale of its investment shares, tax is not withheld. According to the law, he must independently calculate and pay a tax fee of 24% of income. is not charged for transactions related to the circulation of securities.

What do shareholders invest their money in?

How can you find out what the shareholder's investment share will be invested in? This is quite easy to do, because... the name of the fund contains the essence of its investments.

In more detail we can say the following:

Transactions with options, futures and forward contracts take place only for the purpose of reducing risk when the value of assets in the fund's portfolio decreases. Each mutual fund has its own procedure with a clear description of where and in what shares share funds should be invested.

The concept and types of such funds

Types of mutual funds have certain differences in their activities. They are like this:

• Open-end funds that guarantee shareholders the opportunity to demand repayment of monetary compensation from the management company on any working day.
• Closed mutual funds also guarantee repayment of the shareholder's share, as in the previous case, only within strictly specified periods, as well as in some cases specified in the law.
• Interval investment funds are very similar in activity to open types of mutual funds; they only redeem shares within certain periods, but at least once every 12 months.
• Exchange-traded funds provide their shareholders with the most extensive rights. They provide equity shares of exchange-traded mutual funds. Their work is the same as that of open-end funds. In such cases, the share can be sold on the stock exchange.

Properties, advantages and disadvantages of mutual funds

TO benefits Mutual investment funds include the following:

Flaws Mutual Fund:

• high risk;
• costs for registration and storage of investment shares;
• payment of remuneration to the management company, even if losses incurred are identified;
• restrictions government agencies on asset management;
• Availability of discounts and allowances.

How does mutual fund work?

In order to understand its work, you need to understand what assets it has and who organizes the fund’s activities.

Assets

This type financial enterprise is Property Complex , which is not registered as entity. Under such circumstances, he has no right to enter into transactions.

A mutual fund is a general budget from the financial shares of investors. He unites a set of different assets, which may include:

The first two items on this list make up assets or are also called a portfolio of securities. An individual or legal entity, when purchasing an investment unit of a mutual fund, receives the right to a certain share of the assets of this portfolio.

Who takes part in the fund's activities?

In the processes of operation of investment funds, its take part the following persons and organizations:

1. Shareholders who bought their share of assets with money;
2. Portfolio management company;
3. A depository that stores assets, calculates their value and regulates share value;
4. A registrar who records the participation of shareholders in the register;
5. An auditor who checks the activities of all participants and the use of fund assets;
6. An agent who attracts and advises shareholders.

The main activities of the mutual fund are organized by Management Company. It enters into service agreements with all participants in fund activities. A surety agreement is signed with the agent. The management company pays remuneration for their work.

A participant in the activities of a mutual fund, with the exception of shareholders, must be legal entities and have an appropriate Federal service on financial markets.

Principle of operation

Participants' activity process The work of the fund is as follows:

During their activities, participants involved in transactions with valuables carry out joint mutual checks. Thus, the reliability of safety of shareholders' investments is additionally ensured. In addition to such mutual checks, the auditor monitors their work with assets.

How do you receive income from mutual funds?

Generating income from an investment share is a rather complicated process, because depends on constants fluctuations in the securities market, which can quickly become more expensive or cheaper. A positive result can only happen if the value of the assets in the fund’s portfolio that make up the total cost all mutual fund units.

Calculation of dividends or interest on equity participation not be made in mutual funds. Definitely, profit arises in the process of selling a share, the price of which has become higher than the purchase price.

Access to information about the value of a share is always open to all interested parties, so shareholders can constantly monitor the amount of profit by comparing the current price and the cost at the time of purchasing the share. However, while this document is “in hand” it does not generate income and if you need to make a profit, you will have to sell it.

For information on the types of mutual funds, see the following video:

Investment share – registered security, which has no face value. During the process of forming a mutual fund, which lasts less than three months (primary placement stage), shares are sold at a fixed price.

The price is set by the management company. If the management company aims to attract investors with significant capital, the cost of the share during the formation of the fund will be extremely high. However, as practice shows, the management company is trying to find a balance by offering a price that will satisfy the interests of everyone who wants to invest in a mutual fund.

The specificity of investment shares is manifested in the fact that they are not traded on exchange platforms, brokerage companies or stock stores. The share is sold to the investor by the management company, and the buyback is carried out by the fund organizers themselves or their agents.

Calculation of the cost of an investment share

When the initial placement stage is completed, the shares will no longer be sold to investors at a fixed price. Cost calculation is carried out by the management organization. The entire capital of the mutual fund (except for management costs) is divided by the number of shares - this is the current value of the share, which is published in the press. This indicator often used by experts as an indicator of fund performance. If the value of the share gradually increases, it means that the shareholders are making a profit.

By what principle is the profitability of shares calculated?

Changes in the price of an investment unit are the most important parameter of the fund’s performance. The cost of the share directly affects the price of redemption of shares from persons who wish to withdraw from the fund. In other words, sell your share to new shareholders.

Information about the price of a share is open and public information that anyone can have access to. Shareholders will be able to calculate the amount of profit or loss from their participation in the mutual fund at any time; to do this, it is enough to compare the cost of purchasing the share and the current redemption price.

By tracking the growth in the value of his own share, the owner can only calculate a hypothetical profit: until the share is sold, it will not bring real profit. This is another specific feature of shares, because dividends are not paid on them, as is the case with stocks or bonds. Even if the management company managed to increase the value of the share, the investor will be able to receive income by first selling his share.

The right to redeem your own share from the fund

Absolutely all shares of a particular mutual fund have the same price. The investor has the right to purchase any number of shares. As for the rights, they are distributed evenly between shareholders, that is, it does not matter how many shares the investor owns - 1 or 20. The very concept of rights in the matter of shares is interpreted as the opportunity to receive the same profit or incur an identical loss with other shareholders.

Therefore, we can say without a shadow of a doubt that mutual funds operate on the basis of genuine democracy: there are no control packages, boards of directors and voting regarding size interest charges. Unlike shareholders, shareholders do not have the right to participate in the management of an investment fund.

It is the management company that makes decisions on investing the fund’s funds, in turn, investors transfer their capital to the trust management of a specialized organization. If a shareholder is not satisfied with the decisions of the management organization, he will be able to leave the fund - to do this, it is enough to sell his share. This method of management is considered the least bureaucratic and very effective.

Share in the fund's property

The owner of the share is an indirect owner material assets that form the property base of the mutual fund: securities, financial resources A, real estate etc. For private investors, this form of ownership is characterized by a wide range of important advantages:

• Provides access to both securities of national importance, as well as to stocks and bonds of the most famous commercial issuers.
• The opportunity for professional capital management is provided.
• Saving money and free time.
• Diversification investment portfolio significantly reduces the likelihood of losing investments directly related to the activities of a particular organization.

Everything is natural and understandable. By and large, the investor only needs to draw up an agreement to purchase the share; the management company will do the rest for him. The main thing is to periodically review the value of the share in order to find the optimal moment to sell it.

How can I dispose of my investment share?

The investor decides independently what to do with his share, but his activities will in any case be regulated by law. Today you can own your share in the mutual fund:

1. Buy or sell.
2. Give.
3. Pass on by inheritance.
4. Exchange for shares/shares of other funds controlled by this management company.

The last point is regulated by the agreement on the acquisition of an investment share.

How to purchase an investment share?

To buy a share in a mutual fund, it is enough to directly contact the management company or its official agents. Before signing a purchase and sale agreement, read the rules for issuing mutual funds. The documentation must be provided by the person who accepts applications for the purchase of shares. In addition to the most important information for an investor, the conditions for purchasing and selling shares in the fund are described in detail here.

First, a potential shareholder must fill out a special form, indicating the details, as well as the size investment capital or the number of shares purchased. All information about future buyers is recorded in the register. An account is registered in the banking institution for the buyer, to which payment for the redemption of the share must be transferred. When the required amount is paid, the shareholder is sent a copy of the application and an extract from the register.

Which organizations offer the most profitable terms to purchase shares? First of all, this is the Uralsib management company, which appeared back in 1996. The organization's client base includes over 50,000 investors. The company works with almost all financial assets.

An equally good option would be the Otkritie brokerage firm. If we talk about the distinctive features, investors are offered the opportunity to invest money in foreign funds. The cost of a share is in the range of 900-2500 rubles.

Features of redemption of investment units

Depending on the conditions for the redemption of shares, investment funds are divided into open, closed and interval. Open-end funds make redemptions on a daily basis (on weekdays). Intervals do this at a pre-agreed time (3-4 times a year). Closed ones are designed for the implementation of projects; accordingly, repayment occurs only after the completion of the assigned task.

Shares can be sold partially or completely. Repayment is carried out in accordance with the application; it can be submitted to the agent of the management company or directly. The registrar makes this entry in the register. Redemption of an open fund is carried out no later than three working days from the date of receipt of the application. If we are talking about an interval mutual fund, then no later than three working days from the end of accepting applications for the purchase/redemption of shares. In a closed-end fund, shares are sold at the start. You cannot leave the fund until the project is completed, but you can sell the share to another investor.

Comparison table of open, closed and interval funds:

By law, the management organization has 10 working days to settle accounts with investors by transferring funds to the balance of the account specified in the application for repayment.

As practice shows, the cost of buying and selling differs. The cost of buying or selling a share of a mutual fund is calculated by the management company, using the current price of the share as a basis. However, management companies and agents have every right to sell shares at a premium, while repurchasing them at a discount. As a result, the costs associated with organizing trade will be covered.

According to the law, trading expenses should be no more than 5% of the share price at the time of purchase/sale. Based on this, one must always be prepared for the fact that in the process of acquiring a share the investor will have to pay an inflated amount, while the sale price will, on the contrary, be underestimated.

Specifics of resale of shares to other investors

The resale of shares of investment funds is not formally prohibited by law, but it is meaningless, just like trading shares on stock exchanges or stores. From the buyer’s perspective, purchasing a share through an intermediary is an inappropriate investment of funds. Most likely, they will ask for an inflated price.

Why overpay if you can complete the transaction through management organization or her agents? Moreover, the new owner will still have to contact the management company to re-register ownership of the share. As a result, the information in the registry is updated.

Conversion

Organizations involved in managing mutual funds create several funds at once focused on investing in financial assets various categories. In some situations, the management company offers investors the opportunity to convert a fund’s share into a share of another mutual fund owned by the same organization.

Why is conversion carried out at all? The fact is that the shareholder will be able to change the group financial assets. It is possible that at some point stocks will be more profitable than bonds, or vice versa.

Registration of deed of gift and right of inheritance

Like other securities, shares of investment funds can be given as a gift or inherited. Naturally, it is first necessary to re-register the share in the appropriate register of the management organization.

According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, if the party entering into the inheritance is a spouse, the transferred share will not be subject to tax. For shares of mutual funds, as for any other property transferred under a gift agreement or will, tax duty is charged according to established by law rate.

Taxation

One of the key advantages of mutual funds is the preferential tax system. The fact is that companies that attract financial resources from private investors are required to pay income tax, but mutual funds are an exception to this rule.

This order is dictated by law. Preferential taxation This is explained by the fact that the mutual fund is not a legal entity. This is where the uniqueness of the structure of these funds on domestic market. Consequently, investors are offered a profitable earning model with minimal investments and no tax duties. If the funds were legal entities, this would entail an increase in the minimum share price.

As for the final profits received by investors, they are subject to a 13 percent tax, provided that the investor is a resident of the Russian Federation.

How not to lose your money by investing in the purchase of shares?

Investing in the purchase of shares is an investment with increased risk, but if you do everything wisely, you can reduce the likelihood of loss to a minimum. Let's look at a few useful recommendations from professionals.

Firstly, experts strongly recommend using conversion. If you promptly exchange shares between different funds of the same company, you can increase the final return by about 15%. However, this is only possible if the investor carefully monitors the stock market. If you exchange assets at random, it will not give a positive result.

Secondly, constantly improve your skills. Certainly, passive income in theory, it assumes that you interfere with investing as little as possible, but this is not entirely true. Studying specialized literature will make you knowledgeable, and your qualifications will increase, as a result, you will know for sure when it is better to exchange shares and when to hold assets.

Risk diversification is the basis of profitable investing. You should never put all your eggs in one basket, so split your investments beyond mutual funds. It is advisable to invest in different management companies, having first carefully studied their profitability indicators.

Stable funds are the first choice for a beginner. If you are just getting acquainted with investment sphere, it is better to give preference to conservative funds. Managing investments according to a conservative strategy, of course, is not characterized by the highest returns, but the risks are minimal, which means you will receive stable profits.

The advantage of mutual funds is largely manifested in their publicity. This means that anyone can have access to necessary information. In particular, you can get acquainted with the current value of the share, which fully indicates the profitability of the fund. Do not hesitate to ask the managers any questions you are interested in - they want to get your money, which means they will be happy to answer them.

Even if you do not plan to make money by exchanging shares, it is still better to keep an eye on the stock market. This is the only way to choose the optimal moment to purchase or sell a share. For example, you need to buy a share, like any assets, during a correction, that is, at the moment when the price has fallen to a critical minimum. Accordingly, the sale is carried out when the value increases. It’s doubly good if you managed to sell your share when the price was at its peak.

By following these simple recommendations, every investor will significantly increase their chances of making a profit. Investing in mutual funds is certainly not the most complicated way to invest money, but, in any case, finances need to be controlled. This is the only way to achieve success.

What is guaranteed to the owner of a mutual fund share?

• To obtain the status of a “Management Company”, it is necessary to undergo licensing, so the investor can be sure that the organizations represented on the market comply with all the standards and norms put forward by the State Securities Commission.
• Investment in the purchase of a share is carried out in accordance with the declaration, which appears in the regulations of the mutual fund.
• About 90% of the finances of open mutual funds are invested in instruments stock market which can be sold at any time.
• The cost of a mutual fund share is determined in accordance with uniform rules for all funds. That is, there can be no talk of any self-quotations, as was the case with MMM tickets.
• The fund's property will be increased or partially lost, but it will definitely not disappear, since the functions of managing financial assets are evenly distributed between the management company and the specialized depository.
• The amount of expenses associated with management activities is clearly limited. By law, financial costs of this type cannot exceed 10% of the average annual price of financial assets. These expenses are deducted from the capital even before the mutual fund price is calculated.

Considering everything said above, we can conclude that unit owners are 100% protected by the state. Of course, there is no compensation fund here, as is the case with bank deposit, but the likelihood that a fraudster will be hiding under the guise of a management company is reduced to zero.

Land for agricultural production is allocated for growing crops, grazing livestock or for summer cottages. In such areas, the construction of private houses is allowed - in DNT and SNT and permanent registration.

Land can be disposed of only after surveying the land plot, delineating its boundaries, and approving the land plan for general meeting owners of the cooperative.

The procedure for registering title documents is determined.

The site is specified in more detail by local acts of municipalities - urban and rural settlements.

Land share

What is this is a question of interest to owners of agricultural land. The share is usually 10 hectares of land.

Profit from it is possible after harvesting and selling it. It is possible to receive income in the form of agricultural products.

The procedure for allocating a land share is when determining its boundaries. The sale of land is possible both without allotment of a plot and after carrying out the necessary cadastral work.

What it is?

Land shares are issued to participants in agricultural enterprises free of charge.

The new owners are required to make the necessary payments at their own expense. cadastral works– when allocating a land plot for making necessary transactions with it.

The certificate indicates the percentage size of the share, without indicating its boundaries.

Selection

The allocation of a land share begins with drawing up a plan:

• the boundary diagram must be approved at a general meeting of owners;
• from the land committee municipality you need to obtain a conclusion that the plan complies with the norms of land legislation;
• a cadastral passport must be issued for the allocated plot in kind.

An advertisement about the upcoming formation of a land plot must be submitted to the local newspaper.

The notice must be submitted 1 month before the actual start of land management work.

How to buy?

Possible without necessary work. In the contract it is enough to indicate the size of the plot, information about encumbrances (if any), and the period for transferring the land share.

The document is accompanied by a diagram of the land plot, without marking boundaries. The purchase of a share is not limited by the provisions of the law.

The main thing is to have the necessary funds and an appropriate supply on the land market.

It is beneficial for the acquirer to buy an already allocated plot with:

• own plan;
• designated boundaries;
• cadastral value.

Payment options should be discussed between the parties interested in the transaction.

Registration procedure

The initial receipt of a share requires a decision of the land commission as part of the board of the agricultural enterprise.

The actual allocation of a share is followed by the preparation of title documentation:

• evidence;
• cadastral and technical passport.

The period for land registration is 1-2 months and can be extended if land management work is necessary.

Required documents

The certificate of ownership is issued at the territorial department for a specific municipal district.

Required to provide:

1. Minutes of the meeting of owners' meetings.
2. Cadastral passport of the land plot.
3. Receipt for payment of state duty.

It is possible to register a land share through an intermediary. To do this, you must obtain a notarized power of attorney.

What to do with him?

The owner of a land share can dispose of it at his own discretion, but without violating the norms of land legislation.

Main deals:

• purchase and sale of land shares;
• exchange for other real estate;
• rental.

Land transactions must be profitable and not burdensome for owners.

Owner rights

The land share remains a fairly profitable property.

The owner has the right:

• sell it for the agreed price;
• exchange for other property;
• transfer under a gratuitous transaction by inheritance or gift.

The owner also has the right to register a share as collateral, deposit it as authorized capital upon joining the cooperative.

Most owners of land shares prefer to rent them out or transfer them to trust management.

Sale

Shareholders of agricultural cooperatives have the right of first refusal when registering a share.

The contract for the purchase and sale of real estate must be concluded in writing.

It is not the transaction itself that is subject to registration in Rosreestr, but the transfer of ownership.

Rent

The contract is concluded for any period. It must be registered with Rosreestr if the transaction period exceeds 1 year.

The rent is set by agreement of the parties and is not subject to unilateral change.

Price

The cost of a land share is determined based on:

• size;
• fertility of the site;
• its remoteness from infrastructure facilities.

The average cost of a plot is 50-250 thousand rubles per 1 hundred square meters. The owner has the right to sell his share at any set price.

Paying tax

Registration of a land share and its transfer under transactions are subject to tax.

Its size depends on cadastral value plot, but cannot be less than 1 thousand rubles.

Obligation to send payment notices land tax entrusted to the territorial departments of the Federal Tax Service in regions and municipal areas.

Illegal transactions

Sometimes parties try to circumvent the law by executing an actual purchase and sale transaction under a gift agreement.

The main purpose of the share is to engage in agricultural activities. But often land shares become objects of investment in circumvention of established norms land law– for example, when land is purchased only to have influence on commercial activities agricultural cooperative or other enterprise.

The land share may be in a profitable way make a profit if you know how to use it, or transfer it to a person knowledgeable in agricultural work.

The site is valuable because it can be a source permanent income citizen, peasant farm or cooperative.

Video about registration of land ownership

A share is a plot of land allocated to individuals from the general land fund of the state. The beginning of the process of formation of private ownership in 1991 was the impetus for the reorganization of public ownership of land. The Decree of the President of Russia “On the dissolution of state farms and collective farms” was aimed at creating ownership rights for...

A land share is a plot of agricultural land. Their distribution began during the agrarian times at the end of the last century. It was at that time that a huge number of land owners appeared, some of whom to this day do not understand its value. Perhaps this is due...

Land share is a piece of land allocated from the general tract. This concept first became widespread in 1996-1997, when the massive distribution of land that previously belonged to the state began. However, most lands belong to citizens only on paper; in fact, they are not cultivated by anyone for a long time and are not...

During the Soviet era, all land intended for agricultural use belonged to collective farms. After the reform, the remaining agricultural areas land plots were divided among the employees who previously worked for them. The peculiarity is that they received not plots, but land shares. Acquisition...

Land share is a piece of land allocated from the general tract. This concept first appeared during the period of reforms in the field of agriculture. from 1996-1997 If previously workers of agricultural enterprises could receive land, now a different list of grounds is provided in accordance with Federal Law No. 101. To them...

1) the right to participate in the property of a production or consumer cooperative, arising as a result of the fulfillment by a member of the cooperative of obligations to pay share contributions (payment of shares) by depositing cash or other property. as well as through personal labor participation in the activities of the cooperative:

2) part of the property of the cooperative, allocated to its specific member, consisting of the share contributions of this member and the corresponding part of the property created and acquired by the cooperative in the course of its activities. The size of the cooperative is directly related to the distribution of the cooperative's profits. The composition and procedure for determining the size of the share, the procedure for its payment and transfer, and the distribution of profit according to the share are determined by the charter of the cooperative. The law regulates only the following basic principles: a) a member of a cooperative is obliged to pay at least 10% of the share contribution by the time of registration of the cooperative, and the rest within a year from the date of registration (clause 2 of article 109 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, Federal Law of the Russian Federation of May 8, 1996 No. 41-FZ "On production cooperatives"; clause 2 of Article 116 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated July 11, 1997 No. 97-FZ "On consumer cooperation in the Russian Federation"; b) the share contribution of a member of a cooperative can be money, securities, other property, including property rights, as well as other objects of civil rights: land and others Natural resources mighty:

Belov V.A.

Encyclopedia of Lawyer. 2005 .

Synonyms:

See what "PAI" is in other dictionaries:

1. PAY, PAY, sentence. about the share, in the share and in the share; pl. shares; m. [tur. pay] A share contributed to a common business by an individual participant or attributable to someone else. Introductory paragraph. Cooperative paragraph. On shares with whomever. (together with someone else, participating together in something else).... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

PAY, good boy, St. Petersburg, chukhon. smart, obedient, the children say. You're a good child. Pat the child on the head, stroke and pamper him. II. PAY male, Tatar. part, share of an allotment or division, sobin, plot in a pool, artel, partnership. He has two shares in... ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

1. PAY1, share, plural. good, husband (Turkish rau part, share) (econ.). A share contributed to the capital of a company (cooperative, joint stock, etc.) by each member. Cooperative share. Introductory share. || Share, part belonging to someone... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

Share: Investment share is a registered security. A shareholder is an individual or legal entity who has the right to become a participant in a joint project, usually a mutual fund, after depositing a certain amount of financial or material resources(share). Pai village ... Wikipedia

Part, share of participation in any partnership, joint stock company, with which certain property rights and obligations are associated. A share in the authorized capital of a business company or partnership can be contributed in the form of cash or... ... Financial Dictionary

Cm … Synonym dictionary

Characteristics Length 19 km Basin Northern Sosva Watercourse Mouth 401 km along the right bank of the Severnaya River. Sosva Location ... Wikipedia

PAY, I, pl. and, ev, husband. A share contributed by an individual participant to a common cause, partnership, or cooperative organization. Cooperative p. Have a party on shares (collaborate). | adj. share, oh, oh. II. PAY, unism. (colloquial). About children: obedient,... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

- (Turkish pai part). Part, share. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. PAY tour. pai, part. Part, share. Explanation of 25,000 foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language, with the meaning of their roots.… … Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Books

• Reactive programming in C++. Designing Parallel and Asynchronous Applications Using , Pai Prasidh, Abraham Peter. Designing parallel and asynchronous applications using the RxCpp library and modern C++17 Parallel programming tools supported by the language standard Collaborative…