Today, the trend of constructing highly environmentally friendly buildings, involving minimal and even zero energy consumption, is becoming increasingly relevant. Typically, such buildings are very efficient due to their ability to generate energy from renewable sources.

March 18, 2014, 11:30

The World Green Building Council (WorldGBC) has launched a global project to finally establish the link between the quality of green office environments, employee health and productivity.

There are separate studies that, for example, show that good ventilation and fresh indoor air provide up to 11 percent increase in labor productivity, and high-quality and healthy lighting adds up to 23 percent. This suggests that even modest, systematic steps to create a healthy workspace can provide a dramatic boost to profitability.

The main problem remains: how and with what to measure the quality of staff health and how to relate this to financial results activities of the company. Therefore, the new WorldGBC aims to create a unified methodology for identifying and comparing the benefits obtained from implementation best recommendations on “green” building solutions.

The project builds on the WorldGBC report “The Business Case for Green Building”, which was published in March 2013. He acknowledged that further work was needed to build the evidence base and translate Scientific research V practical information, which can be used for business decisions.

December 13, 2013, 16:39

These people think so, but what do you think?

“Green is innovation in action!”

"Green Building Creates Sustainable and Renewable Communities"

3 August 2013, 15:50

What does the term “green” mean? This is not only an environmentally friendly design, but also powerful arguments that increase living comfort and reduce health risks.
Among these factors of “green building” are:

Reducing the impact of buildings on the environment and people throughout their entire life cycle is achieved primarily through:
-Efficient use of energy and water resources
-Use environmentally friendly building materials
-Reduce waste, harmful emissions and other environmental impacts
-Use of building materials of local origin (reducing environmental damage from transportation of materials)
-Use of renewable energy sources to meet energy needs (wind energy, geothermal energy)
-Use of materials with increased energy efficiency and energy saving

To assess the effectiveness of measures to reduce the harmful effects of buildings on the environment and human health, there are many green standards in the world. The main ones are LEED (USA), BREEAM (UK), DGNB (Germany). In Russia, February 2010 Federal agency on technical regulation and metrology the first Russian national System voluntary certification of real estate - “green standards”. Since April 2011, the second, improved, version of the System of Voluntary Certification of Real Estate – “Green Standards” has been in force.

18 June 2013, 14:35

26 April 2013, 15:01

construction is taking place in an “eco” format - with the preservation of forest areas, cleaning of nearby reservoirs and the use of environmentally friendly materials during construction. This - promising direction, the main condition of which is the preservation of pristine nature during construction. In addition, in the process, future residents are offered programs reasonable use electricity, resource utilization and infrastructure in eco style!
“Green” construction in the city is a worthy alternative to suburban eco-housing.

An example of such projects will be the new residential eco-quarter “Forces of Nature” in the Murino district (St. Petersburg), which will be presented at the All-Russian competition for environmental development and energy efficiency Green Awards. Green Awards is the dissemination of successful experience in implementing resource-efficient and environmentally friendly projects in Russia and public recognition of the contribution of builders, developers and architects to the development of environmental construction. The Competition is open to development projects considered from the perspective of energy efficiency and environmental friendliness, and this time the list of nominees includes the “Forces of Nature” complex.

The construction of the “Forces of Nature” project began in 2013, the end of the 1st stage is the end of 2014. The main features of the quarter will be modern architecture, bright colors of facades, “green infrastructure”, as well as the use of innovative KUB 3V technology and eco-development in construction.

You can live ecologically even in an urban environment, because the most important thing is to think environmentally!

Durability and comfort.

Although new construction technologies green buildings are constantly being improved, the main goal of this idea is to reduce overall influence development on the environment and human health, which is achieved through:

efficient use of energy, water and other resources;
attention to maintaining the health of residents and increasing the efficiency of workers;
reducing waste, emissions and other environmental impacts.

A similar natural building approach, on a smaller scale, is the use of natural, local materials.

Encyclopedic YouTube

1 / 4

✪ Green construction / Building Green. 03. Frame and roof

✪ Green construction / Building Green. 09. Lighting

✪ Green construction / Building Green. 04. Straw blocks

✪ Green construction / Building Green. 06. Exterior decoration

Subtitles

Tasks

Reduction in total (for the entire life cycle buildings) harmful effects construction activities on human health and the environment, which is achieved through the use of new technologies and approaches
Creation of new industrial products
Reducing the load on regional energy networks and increasing the reliability of their operation
Creating new jobs in the intellectual production sector
Reducing the cost of maintaining new construction buildings

Story

Health and cleanliness movements were popularized in the 1970s environment
The first exotic private houses appeared, in which environmental approaches were implemented and alternative energy sources were used
from 1974 to 1993 - promotion of energy efficiency strategy:
- Since 1975, the construction of demonstration energy-efficient buildings began
- understanding of the importance of energy efficiency in state level, arose governmental support private initiatives. The goals and objectives of Green Construction were formulated
- 1990 - introduction of the BREEAM standard in the UK
- 1992 - Start of the Energy Star program in the USA
from 1993 to 1998 - promoting resource saving strategies and rational management and use of resources consumed during the construction of buildings:
- the increased computing power of computers has significantly improved the quality of processing government statistical data, and it turned out that 40-45% of the generated energy resources
- The development of Green Building was seriously influenced by the movement at national and intergovernmental levels to prevent climate change and reduce CO 2 emissions
Through the collective efforts of developers, we formalized integrated approaches or Green Building Standards
Based on the aspirations of public and business groups, developed countries A government policy regarding Green Building has emerged. From now on, investors and developers were forced to adhere to it;
from 1998 to 2005 - promotion innovative approaches in construction and the transition from integrated efficiency to zero impact and zero emission buildings:
- 1998 - the emergence of the LEED rating system
- 1999 - the first meeting of the world Green Building Council with the participation of 8 countries: USA, Australia, Spain, UK, Japan, UAE, Russia and Canada
- 2002 establishment of the World Green Building Council.
2005 and in the near future - the application of the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA and LCC) method, where at the level of the ecological and economic footprint it will be possible to calculate all costs, risks and feasibility from end to beginning, that is, from disposal to the original idea

Green design standards as regulations for sustainable construction

Green building is complex knowledge structured by design and construction standards. The level of its development directly depends on the achievements of science and technology, on the activity of industrial engineers and on society’s awareness of environmental principles.

Green standards are designed to accelerate the transition from traditional design and construction of buildings and structures to sustainable ones, which preaches the following principles:

safety and favorable healthy living conditions for humans;
limiting negative impact on the environment;
taking into account the interests of future generations.

Green standards are intended to regulate a sustainable approach to construction and assess the degree to which buildings comply with the original principles.

Development and implementation of standards green building stimulates the development of business, innovative technologies and the economy, improves the quality of life of society and the state of the environment [ ] . They are a tool for a smart economy - they save money at all stages and contribute to integration into the global movement, they are the key to foreign investments and recognition at the global level. In particular, on September 8, 2014, under the leadership of the Energy Efficiency Committee of the Russian Guild of Managers and Developers with the support of the Green Building Council, it was developed and approved Russian system compliance with environmental requirements and energy saving in commercial and residential real estate Green Zoom.

Green standards for design, construction, operation of buildings, doing business and life in the construction sector are phenomena that guide, adjust and manage the development of society, the economy and infrastructure.

National Green Building Standards

In countries where it is developing Green building, national standards are being created that take into account socio-economic and natural conditions countries: legislation, public policy in relation to energy resources and ecology, climatic conditions, the degree of awareness of the problems of energy efficiency and environmental friendliness by professional communities and the population.

The essence of the development of the national standard is to reformulate only those conceptual recommendations of generally recognized systems of environmental assessment of real estate that the national design and construction sector can put into practice. For example, it is inappropriate to introduce in the northern regions of Russia such recommendations as autonomous generation of electricity by wind generators and solar panels. Adaptation of international green standards is intended to give the construction sector methodological base for activities, for the construction of energy-efficient, environmentally friendly and comfortable housing.

The development and implementation of Green Standards is carried out by Green Building Councils, specially created non-profit organizations.

The activities of councils and other environmentally oriented construction and management companies are coordinated by the International Green Building Council, World Green Building Council (WorldGBC).

WorldGBC is a non-profit organization dedicated to bringing the experience of leaders in the construction industry to other market participants and providing an international discussion platform for discussing the most advanced methods of design, construction and architecture within the framework of the generally accepted concept of sustainable development of territories (the generally accepted concept is the recognition of the priority of “green” solutions in the industry).

The organization has many activities, including support for developing national Green Building Councils and certification systems for assessing the quality of buildings. WorldGBC experts are developing organizational tools, marketing promotion of green solutions in specialized business sectors, information support WorldGBC programs and national Green Building Councils, as well as providing independent briefings and advice to individuals interested in climate change and green solutions in building and design.

Benefits from implementing the approach

Advantages of certification of buildings, structures and products in accordance with Green standards for investors, real estate owners, developers, designers and management companies:

Greater competitiveness in promoting your project or solution as environmentally friendly and consistent with the principles of sustainable environmental development;
Guarantee that during the construction of the facility technologies were used that comply with the basic principles of sustainable development of territories;
Intensifying the search for innovative solutions that minimize environmental impact;
Reducing operating costs and improving the quality of the working and living environment;
Compliance of a property to a standard that demonstrates progress towards corporate and organizational environmental goals qualifies it to be publicly identified as a Green Real Estate Company.

In other words, certification according to Green standards and achieving high energy efficiency indicators becomes a significant competitive advantage that increases the profitability of the project through increased rent and cost reduction, which is highly valued by potential investors.

Environmental benefits:

Significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, waste and polluted waters;
Enhance and protect natural habitats and biodiversity;
Conservation of natural resources.

Health and social benefits:

Creating more comfortable indoor conditions in terms of air quality, as well as thermal and acoustic characteristics;
Reducing the level of pollution entering water, soil and air, and as a result, reducing the load on urban infrastructure;
Improving the quality of life through optimal urban design - placing places of work in close proximity residential areas and social infrastructure (schools, medical institutions, public transport etc.).

Economic benefits:

The operation of Green buildings is more economically profitable compared to traditional buildings. So:

Energy consumption is reduced by 25%, and accordingly a reduction in energy costs is achieved;
Reducing water consumption by 30% naturally leads to a significant reduction in water supply costs;
Reduced building maintenance costs are achieved due to the higher quality of modern controls, effective control and optimization of the operation of all systems;
Increased current net proceeds (eg, 3% premium on average lease rate) and property asset value (eg, 10% premium on commercial value) may result in lower finance and insurance costs;
Reducing rental and property abandonment rates, increasing tenant satisfaction, which can also lead to lower costs;
The introduction of Green Building principles is perfect for attracting public attention, contributes to the fastest payback of rental space and greater tenant loyalty;
According to socio-economic analytics research They predict that the market for Green building materials will grow by 5% annually from $455 billion in 2008 to $571 billion in 2013. Most of the world's largest construction companies by 2013 it plans to conclude at least half of all its contracts for Green buildings; [ ]
Buildings built using Green technologies help maintain the health of the people working in them, which can reduce losses from health insurance payments;
The construction principles of Green Buildings are already in line with the expected tightening of environmental legislation related to limiting carbon emissions;
Constant cost reduction. Most Green buildings are no more than 4% more expensive than conventional buildings, and in the near future the use of Green technologies will become the most effective means to reduce construction costs. Currently, the additional cost can be amortized over the life of the building, and is usually offset within the first 3 to 5 years by reducing operating costs.
Many investors already view the construction of conventional buildings as increasing their risks and increasing their liability.

Technical regulation in the world

The main standards in the world are the American LEED and the British BREEAM, which account for 80% of all certified buildings.

Green building– this term implies the construction and operation of buildings that have minimal impact on the environment. Consumption of material and energy resources is significantly reduced. This refers to the full cycle of functioning of the building, from site selection and design to repair or demolition of the building.

When planning to renovate your home, pay great attention to energy efficiency. Properly done work in this direction will make your living space as economical as possible in terms of costs for electricity, heating, and so on. As a rule, repairs in every house or apartment begin with the replacement of windows, doors, ...

IN Lately In our country, interest in alternative energy sources has increased significantly. Moreover, today Russia has a specific development plan that is capable of bringing the country into the list of the most developed countries in terms of “green” energy within 10 years. However, today the main certification of new buildings...

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Activities have been officially announced to test the unique energy-efficient house Honda Smart House US, which was built on the territory of the University of California. The project developers say that the house is a prototype of the housing of the future and it was created to solve one of the most current problems– greenhouse gas emissions. So, ...

A group of innovative builders, United Earth Builders, presented to the general public a unique earth-moving machine that operates on a skid and makes it possible to significantly increase the speed of construction of walls, domes and vaults of buildings by filling fabric pipe bags with earth. The operating speed of the new equipment is 120 km/h (400 ft/h) and...

Domespace unique project eco-houses, proposed by the leading French architect Patrick Marcilli, in which the centuries-old tendency to build round-shaped dwellings was scientifically substantiated and fully met the expectations for effective energy saving. Thanks to recent research, it has become clear why even in ancient times...

In the city of Wuhan, in the near future it is planned to build a unique technically and incredibly profitable from an economic point of view, the Phoenix complex, consisting of two skyscrapers, the height of which will reach 1 kilometer. According to The Huffington Post, both towers will be equipped with highly efficient "green" technologies from the latest...

Scientists have announced the creation of a unique “smart” coating used for buildings, which is made from waste cooking oil. The main source of such material is numerous fast food restaurants. According to reports from the responsible group of researchers involved in the creation of such an interesting from a technical and rational point of view...

Brazil's national stadium, Mane Garrincha, located in the capital of the country hosting the 2014 FIFA World Cup, is equipped with highly efficient solar panels that generate approximately 2.5 MW of electricity. As noted by the Brasilia administration, this indicator 11 times higher than the production of similar energy in 32...

A unique orphanage called “Falatow Jigiyaso Orphanage” was built in West Africa, which is equipped with “smart” technologies that provide comfortable and complete living without household cooling equipment - air conditioners and fans. Thanks to revolutionary natural ventilation systems and photovoltaic...

Reference materials prepared and provided by the media resource EcoRussia.info

A conversation with professional Green Building Consultant and LEED Accredited Assessor Eric Thor Hartten, based in New York, USA.

1. How did Green Building originate? When did the energy efficiency program begin and what followed?

- This greatly depends on what you mean by the term “ green building" If you mean modern meaning, then green building really came into the public consciousness in the last 15 years or so, not long after the 1992 Rio Earth Summit. BREEAM appeared a little earlier, in 1989, while LEED was introduced in 1998. As for global warming and climate change, they could serve as an impetus for the promotion of green building, but this condition for its emergence was the price of energy, in particular oil and gas, which began to rise in 2002-03, when interest in green building began to significantly increase. grow. In the United States, the first real steps towards introducing energy efficiency and environmental friendliness approaches were taken in the 1970s, with the awakening from the oil shock of 1974 and 1978. Rising oil prices sparked a boom in the public and private real estate sectors, in which energy efficiency measures were actively and widely improved until the early 1980s. Then the fall in oil prices influenced the general mood and the further implementation of the energy efficiency approach. While some European nations such as Denmark, Germany, Sweden and France have continued their energy efficiency programs, the US has stalled and in some respects even regressed.

2. What are the working incentive schemes for developers focused on Green building standards? What is the government policy regarding Green Building? What requirements must municipal buildings meet (I understand that the situation varies from region to region, and I would like to know about different options)?

- Despite the fact that there is a certain amount government programs who actively support and encourage the development of the Green Building market (through issuing low-interest loans, grants, recommending Green Building approaches for federal government buildings, Creation federal laws on energy efficiency, basic research and developments, etc.), despite all this, Green construction is organized and developed mainly independently. That is, increasing awareness and knowledge in the private sector is the main thing that leads to increased demand for Green Building products and services. However, the Green Building market has grown significantly over the past 10 years and now accounts for 5-10% of the entire US construction sector, and growth will accelerate if the federal government finally gets serious about raising carbon prices and adjusting the national climate doctrine. Unfortunately, this is hampered by the confrontation of powerful political forces, and so far there is no hope for a quick resolution of the issue. In the meantime, local and municipal governments are following the right path. Some states, such as New Jersey, are pursuing legislative initiatives to promote the comprehensive development and use of alternative, clean energy, and are forming regional CO2 trading coalitions. These pilot projects show the market what emissions prices could be in the future and how this will affect the economy, including the green building market. In some cities, including such large ones as Portland, Oregon, Washington federal district Columbia, Austen Texas, Boston Massachusetts, there is a need for new real estate developers to utilize any public funding source to achieve one of the minimum levels of LEED certification (Certified or Silver). Other cities, such as New York, have created their own requirements systems that borrow many of the basic ideas of LEED, but also include requirements relevant to New York City (such as water quality, traffic congestion measures, energy efficiency, housing affordability etc.). Finally, much of the work is being done by non-profit organizations like USGBC, NRDC, Institute for Market Transformation, ASHRAE, International Codes Council, etc., which are effectively developing standards, codes, and other Green Building education, measurement, and analysis tools. characteristics of the building, which legitimize the developed documents and improve the building assessment systems. Contributing to job creation, federal governments They organize a number of training programs (home climate control, installing solar panels on houses, etc.), but this concerns the private sector, where the need for new workers is mainly growing. So, all sectors of the economy are affected by the promotion of Green building in the USA, but mainly private sector together with non-profit organizations.

3. You mentioned sources of public financing for construction in major cities- what are these sources?

“Here in the United States there are many public and private sources of funding for environmental projects. Many public and private partnerships that combine public and private money (investments). The American nonprofit sector is highly developed, comprising large, well-funded organizations involved in addressing a variety of social issues (such as social justice, civil society, human rights, health, poverty, education, etc.), economic and environmental issues, including he and smaller, narrowly focused organizations, as well as thousands of thousands of smaller ones whose activities are devoted to a myriad of special topics (for example, there are organizations that specialize in creating green roofs). I'm not sure about the numbers, but presumably the turnover of non-profit and non-governmental organizations accounts for at least 5% of US GDP. The newest phenomenon is the growth of small businesses in the Sustainable Development Challenges, united by a common spirit of supporting the planet, people and making a profit, better social interaction, new technological tools, a small working capital. This area of development and renewal is very organic and capable of growth, and is most promising when the required initial capital is small.

4. Are there global and national limiting agreements on emissions of other greenhouse gases, not just CO2? What about other pollutants - is there a solution for them? state standards? How does US law govern recycling? What is the average percentage of garbage that is recycled and how much is buried?

— According to the Kyoto Protocol and other agreements on climate change, which will ultimately be approved, restrictions are introduced on emissions of all greenhouse gases, such as methane, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, etc. CO2 is the most closely monitored because it dominates emissions. However, methane, which is so small as a percentage of total emissions, has 20 times the potential to influence global warming. In the long term (some say 2050), if we fail to wean the economy off its high-carbon diet, it is likely that an unstoppable chain reaction of methane compounds emitted by boreal forests, swamps, and seabeds will set in motion, causing global warming to become uncontrollable.

When it comes to managing and reducing other emissions, each nation has its own legislation and regulatory instruments. Here in the US, most of our environmental laws are based on the Clean Air and Clean Water mandates passed in the 1970s. Because our air and water have become much cleaner, but due to the gradual reduction of legal requirements for water quality, due to the reduction of environmental research and the increasing influence of business on our political system, more and more of our most valuable resources are under attack. threat. There is currently a lot of debate in the US about passing comprehensive climate legislation that, if implemented, will raise the price of carbon pollution (most likely in the form of a government fee) and which will begin to shift the environmental balance in the right direction. The greatest test of this legislation, short-sighted political wrangling aside, will be to create a balanced solution that counteracts the causes of global warming, stimulates economic and technological innovation, and helps those most vulnerable to the additional costs that will undoubtedly arise. will be imposed with the introduction of new laws during the transition to a social system with low level CO2 emissions.

When it comes to solid waste, each municipality in the United States is responsible for its own management of this issue. Unfortunately, recycling, which is required by law in many places, only accounts for 25% of all US solid waste. Somewhere more, somewhere less. Because so much solid waste is available on the market and the demand for consumption of these wastes is not as high as it should be, the price for them is very low. This means that many recycling programs are subsidized with taxpayer money. In the long term, the only solution seems to be the creation economic model, which places greater legal and financial responsibility on those who produce more waste, and which produces significantly less waste - one with which we will move closer to the cradle-to-cradle model (full recycling, autotrophy). In the US, about 25% of all solid waste is recycled, 20% is incinerated, and 55% is still landfilled. Like Russia, the United States has a lot of unoccupied land, which makes landfilling a cheap service, even if it leads to environmental pollution. Incineration will be more popular, but due to high cost latest technologies and ongoing concerns about the resulting toxins being released into the atmosphere of densely populated areas, many municipalities are moving away from incineration.

5. Is the LCA approach used to assess the overall environmental impact? How common is the use? software product Autodesk BIM, which managers claim helps achieve both LEED and BREEAM certification? Is it worth starting to study it?

— The LCA approach is constantly evolving, but not in the comprehensive manner that you are talking about. The two main computer tools (programs) used in the United States are BEES (Buildings for Environmental and Economic Sustainability) and ATHENA. Both are good and getting better, but they are still limited in the range of building materials and products that can be evaluated, and there is no way to understand how the choice of one material will affect the choice of another. This is largely due to the difficulty of determining why this choice is justified - after all, there are hundreds of reasons to consider. These computer programs often used in conjunction with a range of other tools, such as a carbon footprint calculator, and in conjunction with green standards such as Cradle to Cradle, GreenSeal, Scientific Certification Systems, FSC, etc. The fact is that there is still no super tool that will take all factors into account. Which utility the designer uses will depend on the specific requirements of the client and the features and condition of the development site. Of course, the creation of a super-tool is of great interest and importance, and perhaps such analytical platform how BIM will respond to our requests. Unfortunately, I don't know much about Autodesk Ecotect, one of the most carefully designed tools out there. If you are a designer or planning to become one, I strongly advise you to learn more about it. It is like a giant blueprint that allows you to see, integrate, and evaluate the relationships between design components and technical systems. It is not intended for design. It's more like a compass that shows you the path to optimal design, a yardstick to evaluate the progress of a project, and ultimately an archive that will show anyone in the future how and why you decided to take action.

6. Do you think Green building will become ubiquitous? How economically beneficial is this practice?

— Economic profitability is one of the key characteristics of Green Construction. As they say, Green building is about the planet, people and profit. Even though Green Building is a more economical, efficient and smart way to build, it will not become dominant until a series of financial incentives are put in place, until there is a fundamental shift in our consciousness about our place in nature, about optimizing our relationship with it and about the need to achieve harmony in these relationships. And this shift in consciousness has already begun. The only question is whether we have enough time to complete it.

7. Is it possible to judge how the atmosphere of Green buildings affects the people staying in them?

“Resolving this issue is certainly the key to the ultimate success of Green Building. Occupant health and well-being greatly impacts the overall vitality and productivity of any organization. There are several studies that illustrate that Green buildings increase employee productivity by 1-16%. When over 80% of a company's costs depend on employees, even a 1% increase in productivity will mean significant savings (more than any other benefit of Green Building). Many studies have been conducted to quantify this benefit.

8. Is there high public demand for green buildings? Are there educational programs among the urban population? What, besides rising prices, can affect public and professional consciousness? After all, there is really very little time - 2-3 generations.

— Green buildings are becoming more popular, and accordingly, the demand for them is growing. This happens for a number of reasons, some of which I listed in the answer to previous questions:

advocacy, education, training programs run by non-profit organizations, educational institutions and governments;
government regulation, incentive programs designed to make green buildings more economical and processes such as energy and water waste more costly;
government research, development and demonstration projects;
private business in the real estate industry, strengthening its portfolio through the implementation of Green approaches (receiving benefits such as initial savings on connection, savings on operation, savings due to improved employee health, well-being and productivity, improved long-term building performance (asset value), improved rental properties of the building due to sound marketing and solid reputation).

Yes, in the cities of New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Portland, Houston, Washington (DC), Boston, etc. There are many public and private programs that promote awareness of the benefits of Green Building. Many of them work as part of broader efforts to transform our cities in terms of achieving Resilience. New York City, for example, has developed PlaNYC, which aims to reduce the city's carbon footprint by 30% by 2020. The plan is a comprehensive approach to laying the foundation for sustainable development of the city and surrounding areas for the next century. It includes measures such as improving the efficiency of energy and water systems, affordable housing, the use of renewable energy sources, increasing the role of public transport and increased use of bicycles, more parks and open spaces, reducing waste streams, supporting local food producers, business innovation and etc. After two years of work, Los Angeles was recognized as the city with the most intensive sustainability plan among major US cities.

It is clear that prices have a lot to do with the future success of Green Buildings. It is a big misconception that Green buildings are much more expensive than regular buildings. Green buildings receive relatively little support compared to the huge direct and indirect subsidies received by conventional buildings. Moreover, the additional costs of conventional construction (environmental destruction, social problems, economic violations and dangerous speculation) have not been resolved, and the Green Building approach can help resolve them at little additional cost. Of course, a Green building that includes many new and expensive strategies and technologies will be more expensive to build. However, if increased awareness, improved construction approaches, and greater use of available technologies and techniques become commonplace, these additional costs will decrease. It won’t be long until there are no buildings left other than Green ones. They will simply become more intelligent, better built, and everyone will build them.

Ultimately, Green Buildings are much more than buildings. They bring something much greater - a shift in public consciousness about our place on the planet and our intention to explore and optimize all our relationships with it.

9. Is Vernadsky’s doctrine of the Biosphere really highly valued among strategists and managers in the production sector? The achievements of which other Russian scientists are valued in the United States? What do you recommend reading to gain consciousness of the all-connectedness of Life?

— Vernadsky’s “Noosphere” concept, of course, had a serious influence on world developers in ecology as fundamental knowledge, and became the way of thinking of many global environmental thinkers. I believe that one of the immediate outgrowths of the “Noosphere” is the whole deep ecology or “Gaia” movement, which is very popular in the USA. As for other Russian environmental thinkers/activists, I think those who are capable of awareness look to Svyatoslav Zabelin and Alexei Yablokov, who are respected by many professionals and intellectuals. Apart from them, I don't know anyone. It is only in the last 10 years that the holistic idea of ecological interconnectedness and a holistic systems vision have been understood by broader masses of people and popularized. Other environmental thinkers/poets/activists:

Wendell Berry “Solving for Pattern”;
Donella Meadows (systems thinking and management);
writer Bill McKibben (The End of Nature, Deep Economy);
architects Eliel Saarinen, Christopher Alexander, “A Pattern Language”;
economist Paul Hawken, Natural Capital;
scientist Buckminster Fuller –

all of them have made significant contributions to deepening our understanding of how everything is interconnected and that we cannot solve problems on our own, but only by setting our aspirations for widespread health - throughout our vast world.

Interviewed by Yuri Bubnov, media resource moderator

Green building

Green building (Also Green building, Green building, Ecodevelopment) is a type of construction and operation of buildings whose impact on the environment is minimal. Its goal is to reduce the level of consumption of energy and material resources throughout the entire life cycle of a building: from site selection to design, construction, operation, repair and demolition.

Another purpose green building is to maintain or improve the quality of buildings and the comfort of their internal environment. This practice expands and complements classical building design with concepts of economy, utility, durability and comfort.

Although new construction technologies green buildings are constantly being improved, the main goal of this idea is to reduce the overall impact of development on the environment and human health, which is achieved through:

efficient use of energy, water and other resources;
attention to maintaining the health of residents and increasing the efficiency of workers;
reducing waste, emissions and other environmental impacts.

A similar natural building approach, on a smaller scale, is the use of natural, local materials.

Tasks

Reducing the total (over the entire life cycle of a building) harmful impact of construction activities on human health and the environment, which is achieved through the use of new technologies and approaches
Creation of new industrial products
Reducing the load on regional energy networks and increasing the reliability of their operation
Creating new jobs in the intellectual production sector
Reducing the cost of maintaining new construction buildings

Story

In October 1973, OPEC stopped oil production
At the beginning of 1974, the price of oil increased 4 times
Movements for a healthy lifestyle and a clean environment emerged
The first exotic private houses appeared, in which environmental approaches were implemented and alternative energy sources were used
from 1974 to 1993 - promotion of energy efficiency strategy:
- Since 1975, the construction of demonstration energy-efficient buildings began
- An understanding of the importance of energy efficiency has been formed at the state level, and state support for private initiatives has emerged. The goals and objectives of Green Construction were formulated
- 1990 - introduction of the BREEAM standard in the UK
- 1992 - Start of the Energy Star program in the USA
from 1993 to 1998 - promoting resource saving strategies and rational management and use of resources consumed during the construction of buildings:
- increased computing power of computers has significantly improved the quality of processing government statistical data, and it turned out that 40-45% of the generated energy resources are used to maintain buildings
- the movement at the national and intergovernmental levels for the prevention of climate change and the reduction of CO2 emissions had a serious impact on the development of Green building
Through the collective efforts of developers, integrated approaches or Green Construction Standards were formalized
Based on the aspirations of public and business groups, government policies regarding Green Building have emerged in developed countries. From now on, investors and developers were forced to adhere to it;
from 1998 to 2005 - promoting innovative approaches in construction and the transition from integrated efficiency to buildings with zero impact and zero emissions:
- 1998 - the emergence of the LEED rating system
- 1999 - the first meeting of the world Green Building Council with the participation of 8 countries: USA, Australia, Spain, UK, Japan, UAE, Russia and Canada
- 2002 establishment of the World Green Building Council.
2005 and in the near future - the application of the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA and LCC) method, where at the level of the ecological and economic footprint it will be possible to calculate all costs, risks and feasibility from end to beginning, that is, from disposal to the original idea

Green design standards as regulations for sustainable construction

Green standards are designed to accelerate the transition from traditional design and construction of buildings and structures to sustainable ones, which preaches the following principles:

safety and favorable healthy living conditions for humans;
limiting negative impact on the environment;
taking into account the interests of future generations.

Green standards are intended to regulate a sustainable approach to construction and assess the degree to which buildings comply with the original principles.

National Green Building Standards

In countries where Green Construction is developing, national standards are created that take into account the socio-economic and natural conditions of the country: legislation, state policy regarding energy resources and ecology, climatic conditions, the degree of awareness of the problems of energy efficiency and environmental friendliness by professional communities and the population.

The essence of the development of the national standard is to reformulate only those conceptual recommendations of generally recognized systems of environmental assessment of real estate that the national design and construction sector can put into practice. For example, it is inappropriate to introduce in the northern regions of Russia such recommendations as autonomous generation of electricity by wind generators and solar panels. Adaptation of international green standards is intended to provide the construction sector with a methodological basis for activities to build energy-efficient, environmentally friendly and comfortable housing.

The development and implementation of Green standards is carried out by Green Building Councils, specially created non-profit organizations.

The organization has many activities, including support for developing national Green Building Councils and certification systems for assessing the quality of buildings. WorldGBC experts are engaged in the development of organizational tools, marketing promotion of green solutions in relevant business sectors, information support for WorldGBC programs and national Green Building Councils, as well as organizing independent briefings and consulting for individuals interested in the problem of climate change and green solutions in construction and design.

Benefits from implementing the approach

Advantages of certification of buildings, structures and products in accordance with Green standards for investors, real estate owners, developers, designers and management companies:

Greater competitiveness in promoting your project or solution as environmentally friendly and consistent with the principles of sustainable environmental development;
Guarantee that during the construction of the facility technologies were used that comply with the basic principles of sustainable development of territories;
Intensifying the search for innovative solutions that minimize environmental impact;
Reducing operating costs and improving the quality of the working and living environment;
Compliance of a property to a standard that demonstrates progress towards corporate and organizational environmental goals qualifies it to be publicly identified as a Green Real Estate Company.

In other words, certification to Green standards and achievement of high energy efficiency indicators becomes a significant competitive advantage, which increases the profitability of the project through increased rent and reduced costs, which is highly valued by potential investors.

Environmental benefits:

Significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, waste and polluted waters;
Enhance and protect natural habitats and biodiversity;
Conservation of natural resources.

Health and social benefits:

Creating more comfortable indoor conditions in terms of air quality, as well as thermal and acoustic characteristics;
Reducing the level of pollution entering water, soil and air, and as a result, reducing the load on urban infrastructure;
Improving the quality of life through optimal urban design - placing places of employment in close proximity to residential areas and social infrastructure (schools, medical institutions, public transport, etc.).

Economic benefits:

The operation of Green buildings is more economically profitable compared to traditional buildings. So:

Energy consumption is reduced by 25%, and accordingly a reduction in energy costs is achieved;
Reducing water consumption by 30% naturally leads to a significant reduction in water supply costs;
Reducing building maintenance costs is achieved due to the higher quality of modern controls, effective control and optimization of the operation of all systems;
Increased current net proceeds (eg, 3% premium on average lease rate) and property asset value (eg, 10% premium on commercial value) may result in lower finance and insurance costs;
Reducing rental and property abandonment rates, increasing tenant satisfaction, which can also lead to lower costs;
The introduction of Green Building principles is perfect for attracting public attention, contributes to the fastest payback of rental space and greater tenant loyalty;
According to socio-economic studies, analysts predict the growth of the green building materials market by 5% annually from $455 billion in 2008 to $571 billion in 2013. Most of the world's largest construction companies plan to conclude at least half of all their contracts for Green buildings by 2013;
Buildings built using Green technologies help maintain the health of the people working in them, which can reduce losses from health insurance payments;
The construction principles of Green Buildings are already in line with the expected tightening of environmental legislation related to limiting carbon emissions;
Constant cost reduction. Most Green buildings are no more than 4% more expensive than conventional buildings, and in the near future, the use of Green technologies will become the most effective means of reducing construction costs. Currently, the additional cost can be amortized over the life of the building, and is usually offset within the first 3 to 5 years by reducing operating costs.
Many investors already view the construction of conventional buildings as increasing their risks and increasing their liability.

Technical regulation in the world

The main standards in the world are the American LEED and the British BREEAM, which account for 80% of all certified buildings.

Australia: Nabers/Green Star,Green Building Architecture
Brazil: AQUA/LEED Brazil
Canada: LEED Canada / Green Globes / Built Green Canada
China: GBAS
Finland: PromisE
France: HQE
Germany: DGNB/CEPHEUS
Hong Kong: HKBEAM
India: Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) / GBCIndia (Green Building Construction India) / GRIHA
Indonesia: Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI) / Greenship
Italy: Protocollo Itaca / Green Building Council Italia
Japan: CASBEE
Republic of Korea: Green Building Certification Criteria / Korea Green Building Council
Malaysia: GBI Malaysia
Mexico: LEED Mexico
Netherlands: BREEAM Netherlands
New Zealand: Green Star NZ
Pakistan: Pakistan Green Building Council
Philippines: BERDE/Philippine Green Building Council
Portugal: Lider A / SBToolPT®
Qatar:
Taiwan: Green Building Label
Singapore: Green Mark
Spain: VERDE
Switzerland: Minergie
USA: LEED / Living Building Challenge / Green Globes / Build it Green / NAHB NGBS / International Green Construction Code (IGCC) / ENERGY STAR
UK: BREEAM
United United Arab Emirates: Estidama
Türkiye: yesilbina.com
Thailand: TREES
Vietnam: LOTUS Rating Tools
Czech Republic: SBToolCZ

Russia

By the end of 2011, several dozen buildings were built in Russia according to LEED and BREEAM standards. Among them are retail, residential real estate, and sports facilities. The main incentive in Russia is the presence of demand, and in the world - ethical reasons and market transformation. The cost of such construction is 7% more expensive for a newly designed building and 10-15% higher when implemented into an existing project. The share of “green certification” is 20% of the project cost. Laws No. 111730-5-FZ “On energy saving and increasing energy efficiency”, No. 384-FZ “On energy saving and increasing energy efficiency” were adopted Technical regulations on the safety of buildings and structures." However, the motivation for green construction is weak due to low energy prices in the country. In St. Petersburg, a regional methodological document “Recommendations for ensuring the energy efficiency of residential and public buildings” was adopted, which is mandatory for budget construction and reduces energy consumption in new buildings.

Green Building Standards Centers:

RuGBC (Russian Green Building Council)
Non-profit partnership "Center for Environmental Certification - Green Standards"
FSC - Russia (Forest Stewardship Council in Russia)
KEN GUD (Committee on Energy Efficiency and Ecology of Real Estate under the Guild of Managing Developers)

Existing proposals for the development of a national Russian assessment sustainable development of territories:

3. National Association of Builders -