There are countries on Earth that are referred to as the least developed. In other words, poor countries. When compiling this top 10 poorest countries in the world, the following criteria were taken into account: gross domestic product per person per year, level of medicine and education, military situations, climate and other indicators.

10 Togo

With a population of more than 7 million people: a third of the adult contingent is illiterate, almost 2.5 million people. eke out a miserable existence, about 300,000 people. infected with AIDS. Also quite common diseases are malaria and tuberculosis. Agriculture provides the main income for the country. Togo produces cotton, beans, cocoa and coffee for export. Animal husbandry is underdeveloped due to the spread of the tsetse fly. GDP per year for 1 person is 1084 dollars.

9 Madagascar

With a population of about 23 million people. almost 90% (and this is more than 20 million people) have only 2-3 dollars per day for living. Many villages exist without electricity and running water. Economic instability and low level life provoked by the political crisis. The main incomes of the country are given by: spices and spices grown for export; fishing. Tourism is developing. But animal husbandry suffers from losses caused by locusts. GDP per year for 1 person 970 dollars.

8 Malawi

With a population of more than 16 million people. over 8 million are illiterate and drag out a miserable existence. Lack of doctors and unsanitary conditions lead to child mortality and low life expectancy. The country's main income comes from agriculture (tobacco, tea, peanuts are grown). GDP per year for 1 person 879 dollars.

7 Niger

More than 80% of the country's territory is "conquered" by the Sahara desert. This speaks of constant droughts leading to crop failure and famine. 3% of the land is involved in agriculture. More than 17 million people live in the country. Of these, only a quarter of the population is educated. Lack of clean drinking water causes outbreaks of infectious diseases. The country has a high infant mortality rate. GDP per year for 1 person is 829 dollars.

6 Zimbabwe

Cause economic downturn is the land reform of 2000-2008. With a population of over 13 million, more than 12 million are unemployed and more than 9 million are beggars. Underdeveloped medical care entails low life expectancy (45 years), the reason for this is AIDS. GDP per year for 1 person 788 dollars.

5 Eritrea

As a result of the 30-year struggle for independence, the economy suffered. Currently, fishing and animal husbandry are developing. Only 5% of land suitable for agriculture. The population is a little over 6 million people. Of these, 2.5 million are illiterate. There is a catastrophic shortage of drinking water in the country. This is where intestinal infections come from. GDP per year for 1 person is 707 dollars.

4 Liberia

In the 1990s, the country's economy was torn apart by two civil wars. On this moment in the country 3 million out of 3.5 million people. unemployed. Lack of drinking water; poor medical care; the Ebola epidemic, which resulted in thousands of victims, led the country to a low quality of life. GDP per year for 1 person is 703 dollars.

3 Democratic Republic of the Congo

The country is periodically subjected to civil wars. The "African world" war, which claimed the lives of 5 million people, severely undermined the economy. The population of the country is about 78 million people. 54.5 million people are in distress. There are more than 3 million people infected with AIDS in the country. There is cannibalism. The main income of the country is the cultivation of corn, root crops, coffee, bananas. GDP per year for 1 person is 648 dollars.

2 Burundi

Agriculture (50% of arable land) and animal husbandry (36% of pastures) are developing in the country. Grown tea and coffee are exported. The country is a congestion of diseases due to a lack of medicines and medical staff. Diseases such as meningitis, cholera, AIDS are common. The population of the country is 9.3 million people. Over 4.5 million inhabitants are completely illiterate and in a distressed situation. GDP per year per person is 642 dollars. Industry and agriculture are developing in the country. A significant part of wood, cotton, tobacco, coffee is exported. At the same time, most of the inhabitants of the country are starving. Wars, constant disassembly of warring factions, high level crime, corruption simply do not allow the economy to develop normally. Almost half of the country's inhabitants are not educated. With a population of just over 5 million people. More than 300,000 people are infected with AIDS. GDP per year for 1 person is 542 dollars.

The countries that are in our top 10 need external assistance and the help of charitable organizations to get Better conditions for life.

Compiles an official list of the most backward countries in the world. IN this document the politically correct term "least developed" is used. The idea of ​​creating such a list originated in 1971. It includes states that demonstrate the lowest rates of social and economic development. The UN makes a classification on the basis of three fairly clear signs. The group of backward countries includes states that meet the following criteria:

• Poverty (gross national income less than $1,035 per capita).
• Weakness of human resources (poor quality of nutrition, healthcare and education).
• Economic vulnerability (inability to be self-sufficient in agricultural products, unstable exports of goods and services, and natural disasters).

In the entire history of the formation of the list of backward countries, only four states have been able to leave it and move to a higher category: Botswana, Cape Verde, Maldives and Samoa. The UN expects many more to follow over the next decade.

Currently, 48 states are officially considered. Two thirds of the backward countries are located on the African continent. The rest are in Asia, Oceania and Latin America. About a tenth of the world's population lives in such states.

Haiti

It is the only Latin American republic included in the official list of backward countries. Haiti is the poorest hemisphere. The economy is critically dependent on money transfers emigrants, who provide about a quarter of GDP. Most of the roads are unpaved, making it impossible to use them during the rainy season. About half of Haitians live in slums in extremely unsanitary conditions. Due to the high level of crime, middle-class homes resemble miniature fortresses surrounded by barbed wire fences.

Average duration life is 61 years. Haiti is one of the most backward and starving countries in the world. Every second citizen of the republic suffers from malnutrition. More than two percent of the population is infected with the immunodeficiency virus. In 2010, a cholera epidemic claimed the lives of several thousand people.

Bangladesh

One of the poorest countries in Asia is included in the rating of economically backward countries in the world. Two thirds of able-bodied citizens work in agriculture. One of the main problems hindering economic development is the numerous natural disasters. Frequent floods destroy rice crops and cause famine. Other problems in Bangladesh are related to inefficient public administration, pervasive corruption and political instability. These factors hinder the implementation economic reforms. The high birth rate in Bangladesh leads to an imbalance in supply and demand in the labor market and rising unemployment.

Afghanistan

The Islamic Republic, torn apart by internal armed conflicts over the past forty years, is one of the most disadvantaged and backward countries in Asia. Almost 80 percent of the population works in the agricultural sector. The extreme poverty of Afghanistan creates serious problems for the whole world. Nearly all of the world's opium is produced by this economically backward country. Russia is one of the victims of heroin coming from Afghanistan. According to UN experts, no country in world history, with the exception of China during the Opium Wars, produced such a quantity of drugs as this Islamic Republic. For most farmers, poppy cultivation is the only source of income available. The average duration is only 44 years. More than half of the citizens are illiterate.

Somalia

This African republic is conditionally included in the list of backward countries, since at present it is not actually a state. As a result of a long civil war, Somalia broke up into several dozen parts that declared their independence. central government, recognized by the world community, controls only half of the capital. Power in the rest of the country belongs to separatist armed groups, leaders of local tribes and pirate clans.

Due to the lack of official statistics, data on the economic situation in Somalia can only be obtained from the reports of the US Central Intelligence Agency. Two-thirds of the population are engaged in cattle breeding, fishing and agriculture. Half of Somalis live on less than one US dollar a day. The possibility of doing business is provided to a certain extent traditional system Sharia courts, whose opinion is listened to by all self-proclaimed separatist authorities.

Sierra Leone

Despite the presence of a significant number natural resources, this African state is one of the most backward countries in the world. A brutal civil war between the government and the rebels has destroyed Sierra Leone's infrastructure and economy. About 70 percent of citizens are below the poverty line. Half of the working population works in the agricultural sector.

Sierra Leone is one of the ten largest diamond-producing countries, but attempts to establish a strict state control in this area of ​​the economy do not bring much success. Part of the gems is smuggled into the world market, and the proceeds from them are used to finance various illegal activities.

In Sierra Leone, there is a law on compulsory secondary education for all citizens of the republic, but it is impossible to implement it in practice due to a lack of schools and teachers. Two-thirds of the adult population is illiterate.

Rwanda

This African republic was first included in the list of the most backward countries back in 1971. The subsequent tragic history of Rwanda did not allow improving its socio-economic situation. In 1994, one of the most massive genocides of the 20th century took place in the country. As a result of interethnic massacres, from 500 thousand to a million people died.

Rwanda has very few natural resources. The bulk of the population works on farms using primitive tools. At present, the economy is growing steadily, but the republic has not yet fully coped with the consequences of the civil war. Rwanda can be attributed to the backward, but developing countries.

Myanmar

This state is one of the poorest in Southeast Asia. For decades, Myanmar has suffered from inefficient administration and economic isolation. International trade sanctions, imposed to put pressure on the military junta that ruled the country, mostly harmed only the civilian population. hindered by a lack of educated people. During the military dictatorship, all higher educational establishments. As in other backward countries, the majority of the population works in the agricultural sector. Myanmar is the world's second largest producer of illegal opium after Afghanistan.

Laos

This state, located in Southeast Asia, is heavily dependent on foreign loans and investment. The communist government of Laos, following the example of Vietnam and China, has long begun to carry out liberal reforms in the economy, but has not been able to achieve significant success. One of the main problems is the underdeveloped infrastructure. The country is completely absent railways. About 85 percent of the working population works in the agricultural sector. In recent years, the noticeable growth of the Laos economy has been due to the tourism industry and the production of electricity exported to neighboring countries.

Kiribati

Many objective reasons hinder the development of a dwarf state located in Oceania. Phosphate deposits, the only mineral in Kiribati, are now completely depleted. This tiny republic only exports fish and coconuts. Poor air communication with other states does not allow the development of the tourism and hotel industries. The main obstacles to economic growth are the country's small area (812 square kilometers), remoteness from world markets and fuel suppliers, as well as frequent natural disasters. The population of Kiribati is about 100 thousand people. The state budget is filled at the expense of international programs of financial assistance to the least developed countries. Australia, New Zealand, Taiwan, the UK, France and Japan are investing in areas such as education and healthcare. Kiribati had the highest rate of tuberculosis infection in the Pacific region. The lack of quality drinking water in this island nation causes frequent poisoning.

Despite the fact that European countries are usually classified as the most prosperous, they also distinguish the ten poorest countries, each of which has its own rating. These states are usually called outsiders, and feature is insufficient for them wages, low income of the population and low standard of living of people.

Hotel Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine

The population of the country is more than 43 million people. The capital of Ukraine is the city of Kyiv, the language recognized as the state language is Ukrainian. At the same time, the Russian language is no less common in the country. Ukraine is a unitary, parliamentary-presidential state that borders Poland, Belarus, Moldova and Hungary.

At the moment, the state has all the prerequisites in order to raise the country's economy.

Moldova, together with Ukraine, is one of the poorest European countries. The state is located in southeastern Europe and is officially called the Republic of Moldova. The country borders Ukraine and Romania, has an area of ​​33,846 square km and a population of more than 4 million inhabitants. The capital of Moldova is the city of Chisinau. Moldova became independent in 1991, immediately after the collapse Soviet Union.

Despite this, the economic development of the state leaves much to be desired so far. Interior gross product per capita in the country is about $5,700.

Moldova on the map

wellbeing and economic condition the state is highly dependent on the development of the agricultural sector and the volume of exports of agricultural products. By and large, it is agriculture and the textile industry that are the main activities of the state. Concerning energy resources, then they are purchased.

In addition, minerals are not mined in the country and other activities are not developed. However, it is worth noting that the climate zone in which Moldova is located is very favorable for agriculture. One way or another, but the country was among the poorest countries in Europe and currently occupies the first line of the rating among ten similar states in the list.

The second poorest country on the list is the independent Republic of Kosovo. This state is considered not fully, but partially recognized in Europe, in the Balkans, in the Kosovo region. The capital of the state is Pristina, and Serbian and Albanian are recognized as official languages.

Kosovo on the map

In accordance with the constitution, Kosovo is part of the Serbian Republic, which is considered the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija. But it is worth noting that Kosovo is not a controlled zone of Serbia in fact.

special attention deserves the economy of the Republic of Kosovo. Despite its low level, since 1999 there has been a strong trend towards GDP growth, 70% of which is in the service sector. The size of GDP per person per year is approximately 3,661 US dollars. Along with this, the country still has a high unemployment rate. Most of the youth work abroad. Well, inflation in the country is quite low.

The territory of the country is rich in minerals, including lead, cobalt, nickel and bauxite deposits. Among the minerals, cadmium, germanium, indium and so on are mined here. One of developed industries Kosovo is considered energy. In addition, enterprises operate in the state, including a shoe factory and a meat processing enterprise. Production in the country is poorly developed, and the state exists mainly due to foreign aid.

Another state in the ranking of the poorest European countries is Albania. The capital is Tirana. The state has small size and is located between Greece, Kosovo and Montenegro. Gross per capita product in the country is $ 12,484, about 60% of GDP is the service sector and about 19% is the industrial area. The country's economy is based mainly on agriculture. For some time the state was in isolation, which excluded the relationship with the world.

On the territory of the country there are deposits of minerals: oil, gas and ores. And although there are not too many of them, according to many economic analysts, with investment, Albania may well turn into an industrial developed country with a high social level and a raised economy.

IN this case the possibility of attracting foreign capital is not ruled out. And this despite the fact that Albania is a small southern European country. However, at the moment there is no development dynamics in these areas, and Albania is among the ten poorest European countries.

Fifth place in the anti-rating is occupied by part of the former Yugoslav Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The annual GDP per person per year is approximately $9,800. At the moment, the state is divided into two halves, in which self-government operates.

The population in Bosnia and Herzegovina is about 3.28 million people, these are Serbs and Bosniaks. Approximately equal number of them live on the territory of the state. The country's economy was recovering thanks to foreign aid. However, at the moment it cannot be said that it is at the proper level.

The same applies to people's living standards. The main emphasis in the country is on agriculture, earn here and on the export of wood, mining and electricity supply. Industrial production in the country takes place, although it is underdeveloped.

The backwardness of this state can be explained by numerous wars, after which the country was repeatedly restored, but not fully. At the moment, Bosnia and Herzegovina is a state with a weakened economy that lacks investment.

Serbia includes autonomous regions: Metohija and Kosovo and Vojvodina. Serbia borders on Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Albania, Montenegro, Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia.

Serbia owes its underdeveloped economy to frequent wars and blockades. At the moment, there is a gross product per person, the size of which is approximately 7,243 US dollars. It is sad, but Serbia is a corrupt state, which in no way contributes to economic growth countries.

Besides, in last years there is a gradual departure of specialists from the republic. One of the profitable industries that has been developed in the country is rural tourism. Concerning economic forecasts, then Serbia is gradually gaining momentum, although not too fast.

The greatest scientific, technical and resource opportunities have not led mankind to economic equality and stability. IN modern world there are dozens of states where the population lives in extreme poverty, every year thousands of people die of starvation, and most of them are children. The predominant number of countries with a catastrophic socio-economic situation is on the African continent. Next, we present the poorest countries in the world in 2018 - the top 10.

1. Somalia

The Federative Republic of Somalia opens the ranking of the poorest countries on the planet. The state is located in the very east of Africa, on an area of ​​​​737.6 thousand square meters. km. More than 14 million people live in this territory, most of them lead a nomadic lifestyle. The country's economy is considered one of the most underdeveloped in the world. The fundamental sector in it is agriculture - every year Somalia sends hundreds of thousands of cattle to the markets of the countries of the Arabian Peninsula, but this still does not satisfy the needs of local residents who have to systematically starve. Somalia has developed criminal and extremist activities, which is why this country is considered not only one of the poorest, but also one of the most dangerous for tourists in the world.

2. Central African Republic

The Central African Republic is one of the poorest countries in the world, despite the fact that the country has impressive reserves of diamonds, gold, oil, uranium, and its forests are full of valuable tree species. Economic development has come to a standstill due to endless military conflicts and the rise of crime. The Central African Republic is considered sparsely populated - on the territory of 622.9 thousand square meters. km is home to only 5 million people. The population is mired in unsanitary conditions, due to which various kinds of infections regularly flare up. The average life expectancy in the CAR is 49-50 years.

3. Democratic Republic of the Congo

3rd place in the ranking of the poorest and underdeveloped countries world in 2018 is ranked Democratic Republic Congo. This African country, with an area of ​​2344.8 thousand square meters. km and with a population of 70 million people, is one of the largest in the world. The DRC has almost unlimited resources of water, forests and minerals, but is considered the poorest in the world. The reason for the underdeveloped economy and instability in it are the ongoing military clashes that have claimed millions of human lives. On average, residents of the DRC live to be 48 years old. The health care system in the country is not developed, medical services are not accessible to many, and therefore mass diseases of malaria and fever are frequent. People are starving - almost half of the inhabitants eat only once a day. Cannibalism is common in some provinces.

4. Burundi

Burundi is one of the poorest countries in the world. This is a small state with an area of ​​27.8 thousand square meters. km is located in eastern Africa and is ranked among the most densely populated countries continent - more than 10.5 million people live on its territory. Its economy is based primarily on agriculture, with tea, coffee and cotton being its main exports. In the bowels of Burundi there are gold, nickel, uranium, tin ore, but the degree of their development is very low. Almost 80% of the residents barely make ends meet. The situation is aggravated by the number of HIV-infected people - Burundi is one of the first places in the world in terms of the number of cases. There are no medical institutions, but not everyone can benefit from medical help. Burundians live on average up to 48 years.

5. Liberia

Liberia occupies the 5th place in the ranking of the poorest countries in the world. This is the oldest state in West Africa, stretching along the Atlantic coast, covers an area of ​​111.3 thousand square meters. km. Bloody civil wars finally finished off its economy and destroyed the social foundations of society. 4.5 million people live in Liberia, and two-thirds of them are illiterate: they do not know English language, which is recognized as state, and speak local unwritten languages. Rural population professes traditional beliefs and sacrifices his fellow citizens during worship. A distinctive feature of the majority of Liberians is their unwillingness to work - they are accustomed to constant humanitarian assistance, do not strive to do something, and therefore live in complete unsanitary conditions and poverty. This horrific picture is complemented by an impressive level of crime and high mortality.

6. Niger

Niger is a very poor country in West Africa, covering an area of ​​1267 thousand square meters. km, which is home to 26.6 million people. Much of Niger is located in the Sahara desert. Such proximity to the largest desert on the planet has become the cause of the problems that the country constantly faces - sandstorms and droughts are frequent in Niger, which inevitably leads to starvation of local residents. The country's economy is based on mining and underdeveloped agriculture. The harsh climate has made more than 95% of the land unsuitable for agriculture. Like other countries on the African continent, Niger lacks qualified medical personnel and hospitals, and therefore various diseases periodically flare up there, developing into epidemics.

7. Malawi

Another poorest state in the world, the Republic of Malawi, is located in the southeast of the African continent. It occupies 118.4 thousand square meters. km, and the population exceeds 18 million people. basis national economy constitutes agriculture. The main source of income for Malawians is the cultivation of cotton, tea and tobacco. However, severe natural conditions– droughts and unbearable heat often destroy crops and doom the population to starvation. HIV, AIDS, and a high infant mortality rate have been Malawi's main problems for many years. On average, Malawians live to be 54 years old.

8. Mozambique

Mozambique is in the top 10 poorest countries in the world in 2018. The Republic is located on an area of ​​801 thousand square meters. km in South East Africa. The 16-year civil war has thrown it into ruins and almost completely destroyed the economy. Now Mozambique is on the list of unfavorable states that are heavily dependent on foreign aid. The country owns rich natural resources, but this cannot remedy the plight. In its bowels there are large reserves of coal and natural gas, and on its territory there is the largest hydroelectric power station in Africa, Cabora Bassa, which provides electricity not only for itself, but also for South Africa and Zimbabwe. Mozambique has 28.8 million people, and more than half live in poverty. The situation is greatly complicated by increased crime, overcrowding and unemployment.

9. Guinea

Republic, with an area of ​​462.8 thousand square meters. km, located off the coast of the Atlantic Ocean in West Africa. Guinea has solid hydroelectric, agricultural and mineral resources, but it is still on the list of the poorest countries on the planet. For example, about half of the world's bauxite reserves are concentrated in Guinea. Also on its territory there are quite a few deposits of diamonds, uranium, iron ore and gold. Guinea is inhabited by 12.4 million people, and almost half of them are below the poverty line. The official language in Guinea is French, but less than a third of the inhabitants speak it.

10. Eritrea

Eritrea completes the top ten poorest countries in the world for 2018. Exactly this young state mainland, stretching on the arid coast of the Red Sea on an area of ​​117.6 thousand square meters. km. The basis of the Eritrean economy is agriculture, where almost 80% of the population is employed. Due to the destructive process of soil erosion, there is an acute shortage of fertile land in the country. If not for the constant military conflicts that provoke the migration of the population and the destruction of the economy, it could have left the list of states unsuitable for life. But at the moment, Eritrea is in a deplorable economic situation, and its citizens are hastily fleeing abroad, fleeing hunger and hostilities.

Africa is a rapidly developing region. However, there are practically no countries on this vast continent that would have any significant impact on the rest of the world. More often they mention the poor, who for several centuries have not been able to move in their development from the dead point. Almost half of the entire population of the continent lives on less than a dollar a day. Political instability and incessant wars have made the existence of many people extremely difficult. In today's article, we look at the poorest countries in Africa in terms of gross domestic product per capita (according to the classification of the International Monetary Fund) and analyze the prospects for the development of the region.

General overview of the economy

Africa's economy includes trade, industry, agriculture and human capital. As of 2012, about 1 billion people live here. In total, there are 54 states on the continent. Twelve of them are described by the International Monetary Fund as poor countries in Africa. However, the continent has great development potential due to its rich resource base. Nominal GDP countries is 1.8 trillion US dollars. Recent growth has been driven by increased trade in goods and services. Sub-Saharan Africa's GDP is expected to reach US$25 trillion by 2050. Income inequality will be a major constraint on the distribution of wealth. Today, however, most of the states on the continent are poor countries in Africa. According to the forecast of the World Bank, the situation may change as early as 2025, when the income per person in them will reach $1,000 per year. Great hope is placed on the younger generation. All experts recognize the importance of investing in the region's social resource.

The poorest countries in Africa

In terms of GDP per capita (in US dollars) in 2014, the following states occupied the lowest positions:

• Malawi - 255.
• Burundi - 286.
• Central African Republic - 358.
• Niger - 427.
• Gambia - 441.
• Democratic Republic of the Congo - 442.
• Madagascar - 449.
• Liberia - 458.
• Guinea - 540.
• Somalia - 543.
• Guinea-Bissau - 568.
• Ethiopia - 573.
• Mozambique - 586.
• Togo - 635.
• Rwanda - 696.
• Mali - 705.
• Burkina Faso - 713.
• Uganda - 715.
• Sierra Leone - 766.
• Comoros - 810.
• Benin - 904.
• Zimbabwe - 931.
• Tanzania - 955.

As you can see, Somalia closes the top ten poorest. The country only a few years ago occupied the first positions in this ranking, but now its GDP is gradually growing. Closes the list of Tanzania. There are 24 countries on the list in total. All other states on the African continent have a GDP per capita of more than $1,000. Consider some countries from the above list.

Malawi

This state is located in Southeast Asia. Malawi is the country with the lowest GDP in the world. More than half of its inhabitants are below the poverty line. Like many other countries in Africa, Malawi is plagued by corruption in public and private structures. Most of the national budget is made up of foreign aid. About 35% of GDP comes from agriculture, 19% from industry, and 46% from the service sector. The main export items are tobacco, tea, cotton, coffee, while the main import items are foodstuffs, oil products and cars. Malawi's trading partners are Egypt, Zimbabwe, India, China and the United States.

Burundi

This state is known for the ongoing civil wars on its territory. There has hardly been one long period of peace in its entire history. This could not but affect the economy. The country of Burundi is second on the list. In addition to constant wars, it is talked about in connection with the spread of HIV / AIDS, corruption and nepotism. About 80% of the population of this state live below the poverty line.

Central African Republic

This state has been politically and economically unstable since the beginning of its independence. The Central African Republic is rich mineral resources, however remains in the list of the poorest. The country exports diamonds. This article gives 45-55% of income. The country is also rich in uranium, gold and oil. And yet more than half of the inhabitants of the Central African Republic live below the poverty line. The main branch of the national economy is agriculture and forestry. The main trading partners of the Central African Republic are Japan, South Korea, France, Belgium and China.

Niger

About 80% of the territory of this state lies in the Sahara Desert. Niger is a politically unstable state in which corruption and crime flourish. The position of women remains disastrous. The advantage of the Niger economy is the huge reserves of uranium. There are also deposits of oil and gas. Weak side remains heavily dependent on foreign aid. The country has a poorly developed infrastructure, the political situation remains unstable, and the climate is bad with frequent droughts. The main branch of the national economy is agriculture. The uranium mining industry is also developing. The country has the lowest

Liberia

This state is a unique place on the African continent. It's all about his story. The country of Liberia was founded by African Americans freed from slavery. Therefore, its system of government is very similar to that of the United States. About 85% of the population of this country live below the poverty line. Their daily income is less than $1. This deplorable state of the economy is due to wars and political instability.

Democratic Republic of the Congo

This state is the largest in the world. However, at the same time it is one of the poorest countries in the world. The most terrible event in history was the second war in the Democratic, which began in 1998. It is she who is the main reason for such a low development of the economy.

Madagascar

This island is located in the Indian Ocean, 250 miles off the southeast coast of Africa. A piece of land about 1,580 km long and 570 km occupies Madagascar. Africa as a continent includes this island in its composition. The main sectors of the economy of Madagascar are farming, fishing and hunting. The population of the island is 22 million people, 90% of people live on less than two dollars a day.

Ethiopia

As we have already mentioned, one of the fastest growing regions in the world is Africa. Ethiopia is one of those countries whose economic growth rate is the highest. However, it still remains one of the poorest states on the continent and in the world. About 30% of the population lives on a dollar a day or less. However, Ethiopia has significant development potential in the agricultural sector. Today, the majority of the population are small farmers. Small farms are particularly affected by fluctuations in world markets, droughts and other natural disasters. It should be noted that a few years ago, Ethiopia topped the list of the poorest countries. Therefore, the current situation shows a significant improvement compared to the past.

Togo

This state is located in West Africa. Its population is about 6.7 million people. The main branch of the economy is agriculture. Most of the population works in this sector. A significant part of the exports are cocoa, coffee, cotton. Togo is rich in minerals and is the largest phosphate producer in the world.

Sierra Leone

The economy of this state is based on diamond mining. They make up the majority of exports. Sierra Leone is the largest producer of titanium and bauxite, as well as gold. However, more than 70% of the population lives below the poverty line. Corruption and crime thrive in the state. Most of the transactions in foreign trade carried out only by giving and receiving bribes.

Causes of underdevelopment and prospects

The current problems of the growth of the African continent are difficult to explain with the help of modern economic theories. Among the reasons for the plight of the majority of the population are constant hostilities, instability, pervasive corruption and despotic regime in most countries. Played a role in the emergence of current problems and the Cold War between the US and the USSR. Today, the poor remain a hotbed of underdevelopment. And they are a threat to the whole world, because the high social differentiation always leads to conflict international relations. The unfavorable situation in the field of education and health is combined with horrendous poverty. IN structure of GDP Africa is dominated by inefficient agriculture and extractive industries. And these are industries with low added value, which cannot provide a breakthrough in the development of these countries. In addition, most African states are largest debtors. Therefore, they do not have the resources to pursue an active national policy aimed at developing their own economy. Corruption at all levels is a huge problem. During the years of independence of these countries, it has become a tradition. Majority trading operations carried out only on the condition of giving a bribe. However, the situation is gradually improving due to foreign programs. Over the past decade, African economies have shown steady growth. It continued even during the world financial crisis. Therefore, the potential of the continent is perceived by many economists with increasing optimism.

Development prospects

Africa has huge reserves of natural resources. In addition, it is a continent with the most high proportion youth. Many experts believe that high economic growth can be ensured by investments in the education of the new generation. With the right policies, Africa can become one of the most productive regions. Gradually, it is no longer considered a hopeless continent. Thanks to relatively stable growth rates, global actors have a desire to influence African markets and promote their brands here. However, so far most of the states of this region remain weak trading partners. They are heavily dependent on the sale of energy resources. Only 4% of Africans live on $10 a day. The situation is expected to change dramatically by 2050. By this time, most countries should enter the category of countries with an upper middle income. An important factor future success is to strengthen the middle class. foreign investment projects in technology, education and healthcare. It is expected that by 2060 99% of the population will be covered by broadband internet. The younger generation is the hope of the continent. The future of Africa depends on the success of their education.