Real sector of the economy. Modern problems of science and education Development of the industrial sector in the Russian economy

An analysis of the development trends of the industrial sector of the economy of the Chechen Republic was carried out. Of three types economic activity, related to industry, allocated according to the classification by type of economic activity, in the Chechen Republic the dominant one is “Production and distribution of electricity, gas and water”. Among other industries, the construction materials industry is the most important. Due to well-known events, the structural features of the industrial complex of the republic have been preserved to the present time, aggravating the situation in such industries as electric power, mechanical engineering, light and food industries. However, the sectoral structure of industrial production is extremely disproportionate. Preferential development in the industrial complex received relatively low-labor-intensive industries and production, which is in direct contradiction with a high level labor redundancy of the Chechen Republic. Of decisive importance in the structural transformations of the existing deformed industry of the republic are the development and justification of alternative options for the development of the fuel and energy complex (including electric power) and diversification of production of products and services. The further development of the Chechen Republic is associated with its significant capabilities. Using its advantages in further development will enable the Chechen Republic to move to a new qualitative level of development.

economy of the Chechen Republic

industrial sector

development trends

1. Investment passport of the Chechen Republic [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.ivr.ru/invest-chr/?site=invest_chr&p=1961&l=ru.

2.Lipina S.A. Chechen Republic: Economic potential and strategic development. – M.: Publishing house: LKI, 2007. – 320 p.

3. Magomadov M.M. Socio-economic revival of Chechnya and prospects for its development // Chechnya at the turn of the century: state and prospects: materials of a scientific and practical conference. – Grozny, 2004. – T. 1. – P. 175–179.

4. The Chechen Republic in numbers. 2011: brief statistical collection. – Grozny, 2011. – 161 p.

5. Chechen Republic - industry and industrial enterprises of Chechnya. Reference information [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.metaprom.ru/regions/chechenskaya_resp.html.

Until 1991, the Chechen Republic was the most industrialized region of the North Caucasus. The main industry was oil production and oil refining. Chechnya was home to one of the first educational, scientific and production conglomerates in the world for the extraction, processing, consumption and use of oil and gas, which was of great importance for world science and practice.

The economy of the Chechen Republic has suffered significant losses over the past decade. The development of new trends in the political, social and economic spheres in the early 90s in almost all regions of the former USSR gave rise to an economic crisis: the crisis of the previous management system and the formation of a new economic mechanism. The worsening crisis in politics and economics was accompanied by a worsening of Russian-Chechen relations in the 90s of the last century.

During the anti-terrorist operation, another, more tangible blow was dealt to industry and the economy of the republic as a whole.

If the economic crisis before certain events manifested itself through a fall social production with all the ensuing consequences (a decrease in the volume of production goods and living standards of the population, an increase in unemployment and crime), then during the period of hostilities, production and social infrastructures basically ceased to function and were subject to destruction and robbery.

At the beginning of the so-called second stage (from September 1999), all stocks (consumer goods, household goods, the property of canneries, meat processing plants, department stores) were depleted, so the robbery of others began material assets(factory equipment, non-ferrous metals, copper and aluminum wires). Illustrative examples may serve as oil refineries, a chemical plant, the Red Hammer plant, which were thoroughly looted.

Political and economic restructuring that began in former USSR and the consequences of the aggravation of Russian-Chechen relations in the last decade of the 20th century thoroughly destroyed the economy of Chechnya. What remains of it is 7-10% of the 1990 level.

The key sectors of the republic's economic complex are currently industry, agriculture, construction and the service sector (table).

For all socio-economic indicators of the development of the Chechen Republic, their growth is observed in dynamics, and for some it is quite significant. The decrease in the number of unemployed registered with the employment service is also characterized as positive, although their number still remains the highest among the regions of the region.

Main socio-economic indicators of the development of the Chechen Republic

Indicators							2010 as a percentage of 2005
Average annual number of people employed in the economy, thousand people
The number of unemployed people registered with the authorities civil service employment (at the end of the year), thousand people
Average monthly nominal wages of workers in the economy, rub.
Gross regional product
total at current prices, million rubles.
per capita, rub.
Volume of shipped products (works, services), million rubles:
mining
manufacturing industries
production and distribution of electricity, gas and water
Agricultural products, million rubles.
Volume construction work, million rub.
Commissioning of the total area of residential buildings, thousand m2
Investments in fixed assets, million rubles.

Source: Chechen Republic in figures. 2011: Brief statistical collection. Grozny, 2011. - 161 p.

Of the three types of economic activities related to industry, distinguished according to the classification by type of economic activity, the dominant one in the Chechen Republic is “Production and distribution of electricity, gas and water.” In the total turnover of enterprises this type economic activity occupies 61.05%. Mining extraction has been steadily declining since 2008, and in 2010 this type of economic activity in the structure of industrial production amounted to 32.30%.

Average annual amount of oil produced in the Chechen Republic for 2000-2010.
amounted to 1595.4 thousand tons. The largest amount of oil, including gas condensate (2178.7 thousand tons) during the analyzed period, was produced in 2005. However, the main income from the sale of oil (mainly for export) is still received by Rosneft OJSC. Moreover, the republican budget remains the most highly subsidized
in Russia .

Since its inception (the first gush of oil in 1893), hydrocarbon (HC) production has traditionally played an important role in the economy of the Chechen Republic and the entire North Caucasus. The share of the fuel and energy complex (FEC) in the gross volume of industrial production of the republic was equal in the 80s. approximately 50%. The main oil fields are located in the area of Grozny and its environs. At the end of the 80s. Grozneft PA had 50 exploration and 25 production drilling teams.

All restoration work at fuel and energy facilities were planned within the framework of the annually developed “Set of measures to restore the economy and social sphere of the Chechen Republic”.

To organize work on the restoration of the fuel and energy complex of the Chechen Republic, in 2000, Rosneft established a subsidiary, OJSC Grozneftegaz, which began operating only 12 wells and produced 76.7 thousand tons of oil in a year. Almost all industrial facilities of the former large Grozneft Production Association were in a destroyed or dismantled state, there was a large number of burning open fountains, oil and gas collection and transportation systems did not function, and auxiliary production enterprises were completely destroyed.

But, at the same time, oil production from the beginning of hostilities for a decade becomes practically the only type production activities, and currently a significant share in the volume of industrial production in Chechnya falls on oil production.

Among other industries, the construction materials industry is the most important.

In 2010, 24.7 million conventional construction bricks were produced in the Chechen Republic. bricks, which is 2 times more than in the previous year 2009. The Republic has the necessary natural resources and capabilities to develop the production of all main types of building materials, especially cement and brick, as well as natural facing stone. In Chechnya, silicate wall material, red brick, prefabricated reinforced concrete, inert materials, crushed stone, wooden moldings, etc. were produced. The most problematic and fundamental enterprise in terms of restoring the construction industry is the FSUE Chiri-Yurt Cement Plant.

The FSUE Chiri-Yurt Cement Plant came into operation in 1972. Until 1993, the Chiri-Yurt cement plant was the largest in the North Caucasus and the only one producing PC 600 grade cement.

In 2001, reconstruction and restoration work began at the cement plant, and in 2007 the first of two workshops was launched. The design capacity of the first line is 600 thousand tons of cement per year. After the completion of the restoration of the Chiri-Yurt cement plant, the production of high-quality cement will increase to 1.2-1.3 million tons per year.

The cement industry is one of the backbone industries for all types of construction, along with the rolling of ferrous metals. Reliable provision of cement for residential and industrial construction in Chechnya will make it possible to uninterruptedly supply budgetary construction projects and at the same time saturate the local market with one of the goods in demand in the private economy.

The natural resources of Chechnya make it possible to begin the production of clay tiles, and after the launch of the first stage of the cement plant, it will be possible to provide domestic production of precast reinforced concrete with local raw materials. Deposits of marble and granite are known on the territory of Chechnya. This may allow medium term establish the production of facing and flooring slabs and tiles, as well as other locally produced products. The market capacity for the building materials industry in the republic is large and has its own raw material base and opportunities for developing production for the local market.

Of utmost importance when analyzing the sectoral structure of the economy is the assessment of the structure of production, the number of employees and investments in fixed capital.

Due to well-known events, the structural features of the industrial complex of the republic are preserved to this day, aggravating the situation in such industries as electric power, mechanical engineering, light and food industries. However, the sectoral structure of industrial production is extremely disproportionate. Structural deficiencies are manifested not only in the deformation associated with the hypertrophied development of oil production, but also in the narrowness of the range of industries that represent the industries in the republic. Relatively low-labor-intensive industries and industries have received preferential development in the industrial complex, which is in direct contradiction with the high level of labor redundancy in the Chechen Republic. The development and justification of alternative options for the development of the fuel and energy complex (including electric power) and the diversification of the production of products and services are of decisive importance in the structural transformations of the existing deformed industry of the republic.

According to TOFSGS data for the Chechen Republic, industry, agriculture and construction together account for slightly more than 26% of the number of employees and less than 20% of the total investment in fixed capital.

According to these indicators, the service sector plays a key role in the republic. Moreover, in terms of the number of personnel, the education sector had the largest share in 2010 (about 29%), and in terms of the share of investments - housing and communal services (almost 52%).

The most important indicator of the overall level of economic development of any region is the volume of production of gross regional product (GRP).

It should be noted that until 2005, GRP for the Chechen Republic was not calculated either by republican bodies or by the Federal State Statistics Service. According to TOFSGS data for the Chechen Republic, the gross regional product in 2009 in the Chechen Republic amounted to 64,089.7 million rubles, or 96.7% of the 2008 level. The volume of GRP in 2008 amounted to 66,273.8 million rubles, its real volume compared to the level of 2007 increased by 37.9% or by 18,217.7 million rubles. (see table).

The main contribution to the formation of the gross regional product and ensuring its growth is made by such types of economic activities as mining, manufacturing, construction, trade, transport and communications. For comparison: until 1991, industry was the leading sector of the national economy of the Chechen Republic. Its share accounted for two-thirds of the gross output produced in the republic. The share of heavy industry in the total output of the entire industry was 75.3%.

As the main internal factors for the growth of the gross regional product, we can note, first of all: the dynamics of the development of basic and new types of economic activities, the intensification investment activities, growth of real cash income population of the region, etc.

The determining indicator of economic development is the growth of gross regional product per capita, which also shows an upward trend.

The further development of the Chechen Republic is associated with its significant opportunities, which include:

Increased interest in the region from foreign investors;

High growth rates of domestic demand;

Implementation of priority national projects, interregional projects and regional strategies big business, contributing to the growth of capitalization of the region; integration of the transport and energy systems of the Republic, both into the all-Russian network and into the global one;

Accelerated development of Grozny and surrounding cities, with an emphasis on innovation clusters, education and technologically sophisticated industries;

Increasing the degree of processing of natural resources and developing relevant clusters (including increasing access of small and medium-sized companies to raw materials and primary processed products);

Development of a specialized educational cluster, using the existing potential of educational and scientific institutions (Grozny);

Development of clusters and sectors related to the production of products and services for the resource extraction and processing sectors (including suppliers of equipment components and related services);

Development of new sectors and clusters related to environmental protection technologies and energy saving;

Development of clusters and sectors related to consumer goods and services (for example, food industry, building materials, etc.);

Development of tourism in the South of Russia.

Along with the positive aspects of development, the Chechen Republic has, in our opinion, weaknesses. This:

Significant deterioration of surviving buildings, communications, engineering and social infrastructure;

Shortage of qualified personnel, high unemployment;

Low added value of products, significant production costs (including those due to high electricity tariffs and high share transport costs in the cost of production);

High level depreciation of fixed assets of the industrial complex, low quality of production infrastructure (primarily transport);

Insufficient development of financial infrastructure, low level of innovation activity, imbalances in territorial development.

The Chechen Republic's use of its advantages in further development will provide an opportunity to move to a new qualitative level of development.

The research work was carried out within the framework of the “Program of Basic Research of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences for 2012” (Program code P 32).

Reviewers:

Makhosheva S.A., Doctor of Economics, Professor, Head. department "Regional management" of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Institute of Informatics and Problems regional administration KBSC RAS", Nalchik;

Isaev R.A., Doctor of Economics, Professor of the Department of Economics and Production Management, Chechen State University, Grozny.

The work was received by the editor on 10/09/2012.

Bibliographic link

Bataeva Ya.D., Israilov M.V., Israilov M.V. Trends in the development of the industrial sector of the economy of the Chechen Republic // Fundamental Research. – 2012. – No. 11-2. – P. 488-492;
URL: http://fundamental-research.ru/ru/article/view?id=30564 (access date: 01/05/2020). We bring to your attention magazines published by the publishing house "Academy of Natural Sciences"

As a manuscript

SOKOLOV PAVEL VLADIMIROVICH

Methodological foundations of strategic analysis

development

Russiathcity

Specialty 08.00.05 - Economics and management of the national economy

(economics, organization and management of enterprises,

branches, complexes: industry)

dissertations for an academic degree

candidate economic sciences

St. Petersburg-2011

The work was carried out at the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "St. Petersburg State University of Economics and Finance".

Scientific supervisor - Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor

Rokhchin Vladimir Efimovich

Official opponents: Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor

Uvarov Sergey Alekseevich

Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor

Kibitkin Andrey Ivanovich

Leading organization: Institution of the Russian Academy of Sciences "Institute for Problems of Regional Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences"

The defense of the dissertation will take place "____"_______ 2011 at ___ o'clock at a meeting of the dissertation council D 212.237.10 at the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "St. Petersburg State University of Economics and Finance" at the address: 191023, St. Petersburg , st. Sadovaya, 21, room ______.

The dissertation can be found in the library of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “St. Petersburg State University of Economics and Finance.”

Scientific Secretary

dissertation council E.V. Pesotskaya

general description of work

Relevance of the research topic. Russia is a country of cities, where about 75% of the country's population lives, about 76% of fixed assets, most of the industrial enterprises, scientific and educational centers are concentrated. In the economy of the overwhelming number of Russian cities, even in the Soviet period, the leading place was occupied by material production, and within it the industrial sector of the economy. The objective needs of the country’s economic development dictated the need to locate industries of predominantly industrial specialization in cities, as a result of which, in the post-Soviet period, the economic development of Russian cities is closely determined by the state of the industrial sector of their economy.

Solving the task of modernizing the Russian economy and its cities, set by the country's political leadership, objectively increased the need to use the methodology of strategic management of economic development. Moreover, the development of the industrial sector of the economy of most Russian cities can be considered as a relatively independent object of strategic management, since the industrial enterprises of the city form a set of interconnected objects, which, even if they do not form a single production and technological chain along the line of mutual supplies of products, closely interact as competitors business entities in terms of consumption of the same territorially limited resources - labor, energy, raw materials, utilities, etc. In addition, urban industrial enterprises have a decisive influence on such parameters of economic development as the revenue side of the city budget and the city balance of financial resources, the environmental situation, the state of employment, the level of development of the social sphere, etc.

The content of strategic management of the development of urban industry can be revealed through the functions that implement it, among which strategic analysis occupies an important place. Within its framework, a set of tasks is solved united by a common goal - from various types of data, sometimes contradictory and disparate, reflecting individual phenomena, facts, hypotheses, analytical developments, to create a holistic characteristic of the development of the industrial sector of the city's economy - to assess the results of development, to identify and evaluate its inherent trends, identify and analyze the influence of the main factors of internal and external nature that determined the results of the development of urban industry.

Currently, the practical implementation of work on strategic analysis of the development of the industrial sector of the city economy is hampered by the lack of appropriate methodological and instructional materials intended for use, first of all, by city management, whose task is to regulate the development of the industrial sector of the city economy. As a result, the analytical work carried out in the area of urban economic development under consideration is not comprehensive, does not consider many aspects of the problem, and often is not of a strategic nature at all, because it does not study the influence of the external environment on the development of urban industry. In general, we can talk about the underestimation of the importance of work on the strategic analysis of the development of the industrial sector of the city’s economy by municipal and regional management, meanwhile, it is at this, to a certain extent, key stage of management work that the preconditions for the occurrence of future errors of a strategic nature are laid in the development of the economic sector that often forms the structure of the city’s economy. Therefore, research aimed at creating scientific tools for strategic analysis of the development of the industrial sector of the city’s economy is relevant.

Additional relevance of this work is given by the consideration of the essential characteristics of the strategic analysis of the development of the industrial sector of the city's economy, the development of methodological proposals for its implementation, and the justification, using the proposed tools, of methodological and conceptual proposals for determining strategic priorities and goals for the development of urban industry.

The degree of knowledge of the problem. The issues of strategic analysis of regional economic development are reflected in the fundamental works of domestic and foreign scientists V.N. Andreeva, V.A. Gnevko, A.G. Granberga, I.A. Kovaleva, O.V. Kolomiychenko, D.S. Lvov, M. Porter, V.E. Rokhchina, V.S. Selina, J. Schumpeter and others, the results of which served as the basis for research in the field of scientific support for strategic analysis of the development of the industrial sector of the economy of Russian cities.

Certain theoretical, methodological and methodological aspects of the strategic analysis of the development of the city’s economy and its industrial sector are considered in the works of Yu.S. Popkova, V.I. Resina (using a systems approach in analyzing the economic development of the city), L.V. Ivanovsky, A.E. Karlika, A.E. Polovinkina, E.M. Rogovoy, A.A. Rumyantseva, Yu.V. Yakishina (structural restructuring of the city’s economy), S.F. Zhilkina, B.S. Zhikharevich, K.N. Znamenskaya (analysis in strategic planning of city economic development), V.E. Kerimova. A.N. Petrova, A.N. Khorin (organization and technology of strategic analysis of the development of industrial enterprises), etc.

At the same time, we have to admit that today no comprehensive scientific support has been developed for strategic analysis of the development of urban industry, which, in turn, hinders the creation of methodological materials necessary for practice. Among the priority tasks, the solution of which, in our opinion, will open the way to the development of methodological recommendations for the strategic analysis of the development of the industrial sector of the city's economy, we should point out the study of the specific features of the development of urban industry as an object of strategic analysis, the definition of the essence, basic principles and stages of analytical work , clarification of the list of main tasks of strategic analysis of the development of the industrial component of the city’s economy and their meaningful interpretation.

Object of study are the processes of strategic development of the industrial sector of the Russian city economy.

Subject of study constitutes a set of problems of a methodological, methodological and applied nature related to the implementation of a strategic analysis of the development of the industrial sector of the city’s economy.

The purpose of the dissertation research is development of problems of a methodological, methodological and applied nature in the field of strategic analysis of the development of the industrial sector of the city’s economy in modern political and economic conditions. To achieve this goal, the dissertation addresses the following: tasks:

justify the feasibility of considering the development of the industrial sector of the urban economy as an object of strategic analysis;
explore the essential characteristics of strategic analysis of urban industrial development;
justify the main stages and directions of strategic analysis of urban industrial development;
determine the composition and give a meaningful interpretation of the main tasks of the strategic analysis of the development of urban industry, identify and meaningfully disclose the key problems of scientific and methodological support for their solution;
to develop methodological proposals for the strategic analysis of the development of the industrial sector of the city’s economy, within the framework of which to propose a systematic list of the main indicators of a comprehensive analysis of the starting conditions for the strategic development of urban industry; determine the composition of the main factors for the strategic development of urban industrial potential and indicators for their assessment; justify the main directions of analysis of the system of strategic management of the city’s industrial development;
develop methodological proposals for using the results of analytical work in the strategic management of the development of the industrial sector of the city's economy, within the framework of which to substantiate the fundamental schemes for determining strategic priorities for the development of urban industry and forming goals for its development and structural restructuring;
using the developed methodological tools to substantiate conceptual proposals on strategic priorities for industrial development largest city Russian Arctic - Murmansk.

Theoretical and m the methodological basis of the dissertation research compiled: modern theory of strategic management of economic development; theory of state and municipal management; basic research domestic and foreign authors in the field of strategic analysis of regional economic development.

In the process of solving problems, a dialectical method was used, which predetermines the study of phenomena in their constant development and interrelation, methods of systemic and logical analysis, and scientific generalization.

Information basis of the dissertation make up regulations Russian Federation, materials of the Territorial Body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Murmansk Region, materials from periodicals, the Internet, the author’s own research.

Field of study meets the requirements of the passport of the scientific specialty of the Higher Attestation Commission: 08.00.05 “Economics and management of the national economy (economics, organization and management of enterprises, industries, complexes: industry)

The following scientific propositions that make up the conceptual idea of the dissertation are proposed for defense::

1. In modern political and economic conditions, when solving problems of development of the industrial sector of the city’s economy, methods of strategic management are objectively in demand, which necessitates the need to impart the property of “strategicity” to the main functions of strategic management of the development of urban industry, including the analysis function.

2. The development of the industrial sector of the urban economy is proposed to be considered as an object of strategic analysis, within the framework of which a set of analytical works is carried out aimed at assessing the results of the development of urban industry, identifying current trends and identifying development problems in the area of the urban economy under consideration in a strategic perspective.

3. The development of methodological aspects and methodological proposals for strategic analysis of the development of the industrial sector of the city’s economy will contribute, firstly, to the preparation of methodological recommendations for conducting analytical work in the area under consideration; secondly, the development of methodological recommendations for using the results of analytical work in the field of strategic management of the development of urban industry; thirdly, for the formation of scientifically based strategic priorities and goals for the industrial development of the city, making effective management decisions for their implementation

Scientific novelty of the dissertation research determined by the following results of a methodological, methodological and applied nature:

the main conditions for the modernization of the existing industrial production in Russian cities have been determined - strengthening the role of government regulation, based on the political will to radically change the negative trends in the development of the industrial sector of the economy of Russian cities, and the use of the methodology of strategic management of industrial development; the objective need to consider the development of the industrial sector of the city’s economy as an object of strategic analysis has been clarified.
the essence of strategic analysis of the development of the industrial sector of the city's economy is determined as a function of strategic management of urban industrial development, as the initial stage of its scientific knowledge, consisting, firstly, of studying the practical experience of analytical work on strategic analysis and assessment of the main results, trends and problems of the industrial development of the city ; secondly, in the development of methodological foundations for strategic analysis of the development of urban industry, within the framework of which the main economic patterns of development should be determined, a conceptual apparatus of analysis and principles for carrying out analytical work have been developed; thirdly, in the development of methodological proposals for the implementation of work related to the strategic analysis of the development of the city's industry. The basic scientific principles of conducting analytical work are clarified and meaningfully disclosed - purposefulness, systematicity, complexity, efficiency; the composition is determined and a meaningful interpretation of the main tasks of strategic analysis of the development of the industrial sector of the city's economy is presented, the main problems of scientific support for their solution are identified.
the essence of the concept “development factor of the industrial sector of the city’s economy” has been clarified, which consists of the totality of the possibilities of natural, purposeful, stage-by-stage, irreversible, successive changes in the development of urban industry; It is shown that as the main factors determining the results and nature of the development of the industrial sector of the city's economy, it is advisable to consider the industrial potential of the city and the system of strategic management of its development.
as part of the development of methodological proposals for strategic analysis of the development of the industrial sector of the city's economy, the following were determined: firstly, the main indicators of a comprehensive strategic analysis of the starting conditions for the industrial development of the city; secondly, the main factors of industrial development of the city’s industrial potential and indicators for their assessment; thirdly, the main directions of strategic analysis of the management system for the development of urban industry in the context of its element-by-element composition and proposals have been developed for a system of indicators for their assessment.
As part of the development of methodological proposals for using the results of strategic analysis in managing the development of the industrial sector of the city's economy, firstly, the essence of the concept of “strategic priority for the development of urban industry” was identified, which consists of the subject’s position formed on the basis of the results of the strategic analysis of the industrial development of the city and the documented position of the subject management of urban industrial development regarding the feasibility of accelerated development of certain types of industrial production in the city; the basic principles of forming strategic priorities for the development of urban industry - scientific character, partnership, resource availability - have been identified and substantively disclosed; the principle scheme for the formation of strategic priorities for the industrial development of the city is substantiated; secondly, a conceptual scheme has been developed for determining the strategic goals of development and structural restructuring of the city's industry.
Using the developed scientific and methodological tools, the substantiation of conceptual proposals on innovative strategic priorities for the development of the industrial sector of the economy of Murmansk was carried out.

in setting and justifying the purpose of the research, choosing the object and subject of the research, determining the set of interrelated research tasks;
in clarifying the essential characteristics of the strategic analysis of urban industrial development;
in developing a set of methodological recommendations for conducting a strategic analysis of the development of the industrial sector of the urban economy, methodological recommendations for determining strategic priorities and goals for the development of urban industry, based on the results of analytical work;
in substantiating conceptual proposals for innovative strategic priorities for industrial development of the largest city in the Russian Arctic - Murmansk.

Practical significance of the research and testing of the work. The results of the work can be used in the structures of regional and municipal management when solving problems of strategic analysis of industrial development.

The results of the study have found practical application in the activities of economic divisions of the Administration of the Murmansk Region and the city of Murmansk.

The dissertation materials are used when teaching courses “Enterprise Economics”, “Strategic and Innovation Management” at the St. Petersburg State University of Economics and Finance, “Regional Economics” at the State Polar Academy.

The main scientific results of the research were discussed at conferences and seminars, including: at the III All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference “Russian Development Strategy and National Maritime Policy in the Arctic” (Murmansk, 2010); scientific and practical symposium “Russian Economy: prospects for post-crisis development” (St. Petersburg, 2010); interuniversity scientific and practical conference “Prospects for the development of the northern territories of Russia: socio-economic aspect” (St. Petersburg, 2011), scientific and practical seminars of the Institute of Regional Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg, 2010, 2011), etc.

Publications. The dissertation provisions are reflected in 11 scientific publications with a total volume of 14.9 pp. (author's contribution - 9.8 pp), incl. in the publication recommended by the Higher Attestation Commission.

Scope and structure of work. The dissertation consists of an introduction, three chapters of the main text, a conclusion, a list of references of 103 titles, contains 139 pages, including 7 figures.

In administered the relevance of the topic is substantiated, the purpose and objectives of the research are determined, the scientific novelty and practical significance of the conclusions and results of the work are revealed.

IN Chapter 1 “Analysis in the system of strategic development management industrial sector of the city's economy" the expediency of considering the development of urban industry as an object of strategic analysis is substantiated, the essential characteristics of such analysis and the basic principles, stages and directions of analytical work are clarified, a meaningful interpretation of the main tasks of strategic analysis of industrial development in the city and the problems of scientific support for their solution is presented.

In Chapter two “Methodological proposals for strategic analysis of industrial development sector of the city's economy» the main indicators of a comprehensive strategic analysis of the development of the city’s industry have been developed; the composition of factors for strategic analysis of the development of the city’s industrial potential and indicators for their assessment have been determined; the key directions of strategic analysis of the development of the urban industry management system are substantiated.

The third chapter, “Methodological and conceptual proposals for using the results of strategic analysis in managing the development of the industrial sector of the city economy,” substantiates methodological recommendations for solving a number of practically important tasks of strategic management, using the results of the analytical work discussed above - determining strategic priorities for the development of urban industry and forming a system of strategic goals of development and structural restructuring of the industrial component of the city's economy. In the same section of the dissertation research, proposals for possible innovative priorities for the strategic industrial development of Murmansk are substantiated.

IN conclusion the main results of the dissertation work are formulated.

MAIN IDEAS AND CONCLUSIONS OF THE DISSERTATION

The expediency of considering the development of urban industry as an object of strategic analysis is substantiated.

The dissertation research examines the development of the industrial sector of the economy of Russian cities that have the status of an urban district or an urban settlement in a municipal area, and such development is understood as a complex process of changing the elements that make up the urban industry, leading to their qualitative transformations and, ultimately, to an increase in the quality of life townspeople

Strategic analysis of the development of the industrial sector of the city's economy is interpreted in the dissertation as a specific function of strategic management of urban industrial development, consisting of carrying out a set of analytical works aimed at assessing the results of the development of urban industry, identifying current trends and problems in the development of the considered sphere of the city's economy; the system of basic scientific principles (targetedness, consistency, complexity, efficiency), the requirements of which must be taken into account when carrying out analytical work, is substantively disclosed.

An important methodological problem of strategic analysis of the development of the industrial sector of the city’s economy, discussed in the work, is the determination of the main stages (Fig. 1) and directions (Fig. 2) of analytical work.

Rice. 1. Main stages of strategic analysis

industrial development of the city

Rice. 2. Main directions of work on strategic analysis

development of urban industry

The composition of the main tasks of strategic analysis of urban industrial development has been developed.

The purpose and objectives of strategic analysis of the development of urban industry arise from the principle of purposefulness of analytical work. The main goal of the analysis is, according to the author, to evaluate the results of industrial urban development, to determine the trends and problems that have developed here, caused by the action of internal and external factors. Achieving this goal involves solving a number of problems of strategic analysis (Fig. 3), the substantive interpretation and problems of scientific support for the solution of which are presented in the dissertation research.

Methodological proposals have been developed for strategic analysis of the development of the industrial sector of the city's economy.

From the general theory of systems it is known that the results of their development depend mainly on the potential of the system and on the quality of management of this potential. In relation to our study, we are talking about the industrial potential of the city and the system for managing this potential, which are considered as the main factors determining the performance and dynamics of development of the industrial sector of the city’s economy. Therefore, the analysis and assessment of the city’s industrial potential and the management system for its development are proposed to be considered as the leading areas of strategic analysis, implemented at the stage of factor analysis of the development of urban industry.

Rice. 3. Composition of the main tasks of strategic analysis of the starting conditions for the development of the city’s industry

The industrial potential of the city is interpreted by the author as an integral factor characterizing the possibilities for the development of the industrial sector of its economy using the entire complex of local resources, the peculiarities of the structure of the city’s economy, its geographical location and so on. in the interests of improving the quality of life of citizens and solving problems arising from the adopted system of territorial division of labor. The dissertation research developed and meaningfully characterized the composition of the main factors for the development of the city's industrial potential (Fig. 4), and proposed a system of indicators for their quantitative assessment.

The system of strategic management of the development of the industrial sector of the city's economy - the object of analytical research, is considered in the work as a set of object and subject of management, interacting on the basis of control influence and feedback in order to ensure certain quantitative and qualitative parameters characterizing the processes of change in urban industry.

Structurally, such a system is presented in the work as a set of interconnected subsystems: target, functional supporting and object; the composition of target subsystems is determined by specific goals for the development of urban industry, the composition of functional ones is determined by a set of key management functions (planning, organization, decision making and implementation, communication, motivation, control); the composition of the supporting subsystems includes the subsystems of regulatory, information and analytical, scientific, personnel, socio-psychological, financial security. At the same time, it is proposed to include analysis, forecasting, goal setting, determining priorities, development strategies, forming industrial policy and ways to achieve set goals within a set time frame under given resource restrictions, including the development of appropriate measures, into the strategic planning function.

The elemental composition of the strategic management system for the development of the industrial sector of the city's economy (Fig. 5) and the substantive characteristics of the management mechanism that interacts between the subject and the object of management using functions and management methods are the subject of analytical work. The dissertation research developed methodological proposals for the quantitative assessment of individual elements of the strategic management system for industrial urban development.

Methodological proposals have been developed for using the results of strategic analysis in development management industrial sector of the economy cities.

In the dissertation research, the essence of the concept of “strategic priority for the development of the city’s industry” is defined as formed on the basis of the results of a strategic analysis of the industrial development of the city and the documented position of the subject of strategic management of the development of the industrial sector of the city’s economy regarding the feasibility of the rapid development of certain types of industrial production in the city. The basic principles of assigning strategic priorities - scientific character, partnership, resource availability - are identified and meaningfully disclosed; a schematic diagram for the formation of strategic priorities for the development of urban industry has been developed (Fig. 6).

Rice. 4. Composition of the main factors of industrial development

city potential

Rice. 5. Composition of the strategic management system

development of the city's industry

The strategic goal of developing the industrial sector of the city’s economy is interpreted in the work as a scientifically based, qualitatively and quantitatively determined predictable result that is planned to be achieved at a specific point in time. The strategic nature of the goal is determined by taking into account factors external to the industrial sector of the urban economy. At the same time, the qualitative characteristics of the goal are determined by the target setting, which is understood as a reference point for urban industrial development specified at the verbal level. The quantitative definition of the goal is ensured by the development of target indicators - quantitative characteristics of the development of the industrial sector of the city's economy at a certain point in time, and target standards - the values of target indicators corresponding the required scientifically based level of the final (desired) state of urban industry. The work substantiates the principle scheme for determining the general strategic goals of development and structural restructuring of the city's industry (Fig. 7).

Conceptual proposals have been developed for possible innovative strategic priorities for industrial development in Murmansk.

The city of Murmansk is the administrative center of the Murmansk region, distinguished by its unique economic and geographical potential; it is located on the shore of the ice-free Kola Bay, 50 km from the exit to the Barents Sea. The Northern Sea Route originates here - the only transport route providing access to the natural resources of the Far North, Siberia and the Far East, transit from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean

The practical implementation of the new state policy in the Arctic zone of Russia determines, in relation to the city of Murmansk - the largest Russian industrial center beyond the Arctic Circle, the search for possible innovative strategic priorities for the development of urban industry. In this regard, the work proposes for subsequent detailed study such innovative poles of urban industrial development as the chemical industry, which uses oil and gas produced on the shelf as feedstock. On its basis, the pharmaceutical industry, production of high-octane gasoline, plastics, etc. can be developed.

A significant increase in mining production and the revival of the Northern Sea Route can serve as an impetus for the development of the production of machinery and equipment, shipbuilding and ship repair. In turn, solving the noted and related problems can contribute to further development electric power industry, nuclear waste disposal and other types of industrial production that are technologically linked to the noted potential poles of the city’s industrial development.

Rice. 6. Schematic diagram of the formation of strategic

priorities for the development of urban industry

Rice. 7. Schematic diagram for determining general strategic development goals and structural

restructuring of the city's industry

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annotation

industrial technological economic conditions

08.00.00 Economic Sciences

Factor environment for the development of industries in the industrial sector of the economy

Gaiduk Vladimir Ivanovich

Doctor of Economics, Professor

RSCI SPIN code: 2347-1070

Grishin Evgeniy Viktorovich

Teacher

RSCI SPIN code: 2622-4524

Kuban State Agrarian University, Krasnodar, Russia

Bunchikov Oleg Nikolaevich

Doctor of Economics, Professor

RSCI SPIN code: 4206-7402

Miroshnikov Denis Markovich

Ph.D., assistant

Don State Agrarian University, pos. Persianovsky, Rostov region, Russia

Industrial policy is a set of organizational and economic regulators to improve the technological, organizational and institutional-infrastructural level, allowing to stimulate industrial activity. There are economic instruments that are aimed at creating a favorable economic environment for industrial enterprises; information and communication tools based on providing information and consulting assistance to industrial enterprises, based on regular monitoring of production, market conditions, and regulatory processes; institutional and legal measures that are aimed at creating an effective and sufficient regulatory framework and an effective legal environment. We have identified groups of positive (“catalysts”) and negative (“inhibitors”) factors, pre-selected based on the analysis and systematization of scientific sources, which we have structured into several subgroups: factors of a globalization nature; macroenvironmental factors; organizational and economic factors; territorial and sectoral factors (specialization factors); social factors; technical and technological factors. We have made an attempt to outline the contours of the most significant elements of the factor environment, the totality of which determines both the level and nature of development of the industrial sector of the economy, and the specifics of the necessary content of the corresponding industrial policy. Consideration of the factors described above allowed us to identify some contradictions in the processes of industrial development. Their formulation and understanding in the context of resolving the opportunistic nature of the processes of formation and development of industrial potential and industrial production can become a conceptual basis for the development of proposals for improving mechanisms for stimulating industrial growth, including using information tools

Key words: industrial policy, industrial sector of the economy, factor environment, industrial potential, industrial growth

Annotation

Economic sciences

Factor environment of the development of the industries sector departments

Gayduk Vladimir Ivanovich

Dr.Sci.Econ., Professor

RSCI SPIN code: 2347-1070

Grishin Evgeny Viktorovich

RSCI SPIN-code: 2622-4524

Kuban State Agrarian University, Krasnodar, Russia

Bunchikov Oleg Nikolaevich

Dr.Sci.Econ., Professor

RSCI SPIN code: 4206-7402

Miroshnikov Denis Markovich

Cand.Econ.Sci., Assistant lecturer

Don State Agrarian University, pos. Persianovsky, Rostov region., Russia

Industrial policy is a set of organizational and economic regulators to improve the technological, organizational and institutional infrastructure level, allowing stimulating industrial activity. There are economic instruments that focus on creating a favorable economic environment for the industry; information and communication tools based on the provision of information and advice to industry on the basis of regular monitoring of production, market-tactical, legal and regulatory processes; institutionally-in-law measures that are aimed at creating an effective and adequate regulatory framework and effective legal protection. We have highlighted a group of preselected based on the analysis and systematization of scientific sources of positive (“catalyst”) and negative (respectively - “inhibitors”) factors, which are structured by us on several subgroups: the factors nature of globalization; macro factors; organizational and economic factors; territorial and sectoral factors (factors of specialization); social factors; technical and technological factors. We have attempted to outline the most important elements of the environmental factor, the totality of which determines the level and nature of the development of the industrial sector of the economy, as well as the specifics of the required content of the relevant industrial policies. Consideration of the above factors has allowed us to identify some of the contradictions in the process of industrial development. Their understanding of the formulation and in the context of the resolution of an opportunistic nature of processes of formation and development of industrial potential, industrial production may be the conceptual basis for the development of proposals for improving the incentives for industrial growth mechanisms, including the use of information tools

Keywords: industrial policy, industrial sector, factor environment, industry capacity, industrial growth

In conditions of an unstable economic situation, issues of stimulating industrial growth are becoming increasingly relevant. The whole variety of organizational and economic regulators used in the industrial management system to improve the technological, organizational and institutional-infrastructural level, allowing to stimulate industrial activity, as a rule, is combined with the term “industrial policy”. Such a policy should be aimed at increasing the level of scientific and technological development economy, increasing the competitiveness and efficiency of functioning of industrial enterprises in general, the products they produce, as well as related sectors of the economy, which fundamentally distinguishes modern approaches to industrial policy from those previously in force, the essence of which was to subsidize depressed, but socially and production-significant industries.

The entire range of instruments used within the framework of industrial policy can be differentiated into the following blocks:

1. Economic instruments. They are focused on creating a favorable economic environment for industrial enterprises through:

Implementation of financial, credit and monetary policy adapted to their specifics;

Smoothing inflation processes in the economy;

Ensuring a positive balance of payments;

Implementation of measures to expand product markets;

Stimulating investment activity, as well as intra-industry competition and cooperation, etc. .

2. Information and communication tools are focused on providing information and consulting assistance to industrial enterprises, based on regular monitoring of production, market conditions, regulatory processes and determinants, the result of which can be the development of relevant information for making effective management decisions in the field of production and commercial , investment, innovation spheres of activity of industrial economic entities.

One of the most important tools in this block is the market positioning strategy of enterprises based on improving image and reputation characteristics. The creation of professional business protectionist organizations and communities can play a major role in stimulating the development of the industrial sector, allowing the expansion of the expert community to develop a unified strategy for the development of industrial enterprises and sectors of the industrial sector of the economy.

3. Institutional and legal measures are aimed at creating an effective and sufficient regulatory framework and an effective legal environment that promotes the development of the industrial sector of the economy through the creation of “uniform rules of conduct” for all subjects of industrial sectors.

At the same time, the effectiveness of implementing the designated areas of industrial policy through appropriate tools and mechanisms is not always the same. This explains the difficulties of applying systemic laws, in particular, isomorphism and isofunctionalism. The main reason is significant differences in the component composition of the factor environment, the actualization of negative or positive factors of which in a specific place and time (chronotope) gives different results regarding the dynamics of the development of industrial enterprises. Often the variability of these factors is so noticeable that difficulties arise in predicting their further dynamics, and, consequently, in justifying the prospects for the development of industrial business loci. At the same time, understanding the component composition of factors that both positively and negatively influence the development of industry is advisable in the context of the formation of a set of measures that reduce, compensate or prevent the negative effects.

One of the most studied, and at the same time, controversial in the theory of industrial economics is the question of identifying the factor environment for the development of industrial production. It is obvious that the entire set of factors can be differentiated into factors favorable to industrial development, as well as inhibitory factors that limit it in one way or another. This dichotomous approach makes it possible to mark the elements of the factor environment in order to improve the tools of industrial policy by developing a set of adaptive measures that use the influence of growth-forming factors and minimize the impact of negative ones.

We have structured groups of positive (we will call them “catalysts”) and negative (respectively, “inhibitors”) scientific sources pre-selected based on analysis and systematization of scientific sources into several subgroups:

Globalization factors;

Macroenvironmental factors;

Organizational and economic factors;

Territorial and sectoral factors (specialization factors);

Social factors;

Technical and technological factors.

Let's consider each of the groups of factors in more detail. Thus, a group of globalization factors in the context of internationalization economic relations has more and more influence, that is, the sensitivity of the level of development of industrial production from the influence of these factors in some situations becomes decisive for their subsequent development. This is reflected in the parameters of scientific, technical and technological exchange, modernization of production chains, export operations. At the same time, in the context of the increasing spread of integration unions in the field of industrial production and trade in a globalizing economy, the development of unified, unified requirements, principles, methods, and tools for implementing industrial policy in accordance with trends in international economic integration is of particular importance.

System-forming factors of the macroenvironment are decisive in the system for implementing industrial policy; they are designed to generate key imperatives of government institutions, taking into account industry and production specifics. In many ways, the success of managing the industrial complex depends on the correctly “tuned” macro-level of industrial policy formation, since this level there is coordination of interaction between economic, social, political institutions and industrial enterprises representing the micro level.

Factors of an organizational and economic nature largely outline the mechanisms for implementing industrial policy, taking into account the multi-structure and multi-sectoral nature of industrial production. They include both relationships with counterparties and interaction with regulatory structures and institutions. Not only its industries in each specific region, but also the parameters of tax collection, the formation of internal territorial product, and the social security of labor collectives depend on the organizational and economic features of the established mechanism for industrial development.

A set of territorial and sectoral factors (specialization factors) determine the production profile of the industry. Taking into account the patterns of production approaching the main sources of raw materials and transport and marketing infrastructure, the production configuration of the industrial sector of the economy is formed. In addition, purely “geographical” characteristics of the localization of production loci affect the nature of the supporting infrastructure, the regime of labor relations, etc.

The spatial and economic transformations taking place in the industrial economic system indicate the need for a separate consideration of the impact of territorial transformation shifts on the development of industrial entities. In this context, the key characteristics from the point of view of industrial development will be such characteristics of territorial “drifts” as “centralization”, “narrowing”, “fragmentation” of the economic space, “openness” and “contactness” of the local economy, economic density of the market space , the presence of poles of industrial growth.

Social factors are inextricably linked with the organization of living space for labor resources, with the social and infrastructural provision of the population associated with the industrial sector of the economy. Two points dominate here. Firstly, industrial enterprises often produce socially significant products and act as system-forming social objects. Secondly, the social environment of enterprises, in many ways, determines the effectiveness of their activities; therefore, the production circuit of industrial entities is inextricably linked with social sphere and vice versa. That is why social factors are inseparable from factors of a “purely” economic nature.

The group of technical and technological factors, taking into account the dependence of the industrial production circuit on innovative technologies, is also the subject of detailed consideration.

It is axiomatic that domestic industry is developing in conditions of significant dependence on foreign technologies, production lines and complexes. The shortage of domestic innovative developments, patent models and technological solutions is caused by both a general reduction in spending on the scientific and technical sphere, and the “humanitarianization” of the educational sector with a change in the range of in-demand professions.

Many enterprises have not yet made the transition to the fourth level of technological structure, and purchased foreign production lines, taking into account customs procedures, have a significant cost, which leads to the need to use credit resources, thereby reducing the profitability of production, taking into account the costs of servicing loans.

At the same time, by highlighting the above groups of factors, we do not set ourselves the goal of forming a complete list of them, which is practically impossible. At the same time, we have made an attempt to outline the contours of the most significant elements of the factor environment, the totality of which determines both the level and nature of development of the industrial sector of the economy, and the specifics of the necessary content of the corresponding industrial policy.

In the context of the thematic orientation of our research, forming the most relevant information array for the development of adequate directions of industrial policy, we will carry out a classification differentiation of factors on several grounds (nature of impact and essential characteristics) using the methodological tools “Rantganathan matrix” (Table 1).

Consideration of the factors described above allowed us to identify some contradictions in the processes of industrial development. Their formulation and understanding in the context of resolving the opportunistic nature of the processes of formation and development of industrial potential and industrial production can become a conceptual basis for the development of proposals for improving mechanisms for stimulating industrial growth, including using information tools. As opportunistic phenomena and processes in the development of the industrial sector of the economy, we can highlight:

1. The use of protectionist measures in the economy, within the framework of the traditional approach to the implementation of industrial policy, in the context of the dominant role of liberal approaches to managing economic processes in the context of accession to the WTO.

2. The need to concentrate resource potential in the industrial sector of a locally limited, industrially oriented territory against the backdrop of an inevitable increase in the risk of reducing the stability of the economy in a changing market environment, due to the impossibility of its rapid reorientation.

Table 1 - Rantganathan's classification dichotomy of the factor environment for industrial development

FACTORS OF GLOBALIZATION	1. FACTORS-CATALYSTS	2. INHIBITOR FACTORS	FACTORS OF GLOBALIZATION
		Stable political environment at least until 2018;		The crisis of the global political and financial system within the framework of the concept of a unipolar world;
		The primacy of isolationism in the foreign policy of leading states;		Local military conflicts, international pressure from leading states;
		The emergence of new forms of integration relations and new interstate trade and industrial associations;		Raw material price instability and stock volatility;
		Liberal policy regarding domestic and foreign trade in industrial products, development of global online trade.		Underdevelopment of the capital market, trade deficits, rising energy prices, including due to “bubbles” on international commodity exchanges.
MACROECONOMIC FACTORS		Implementation of large-scale government projects that stimulate the development of industrial production;		The impact of crisis phenomena and sanctions in the domestic / global economy, as well as in certain sectors of the regional economy;	MACROECONOMIC FACTORS
		Implementation of stimulating monetary policy;		Insufficient investment attractiveness of individual industrial complexes;
		Implementation of measures to develop domestic markets and protect domestic manufacturers of industrial products;		Lack of experience in the industry management system in implementing large-scale projects to modernize industrial complexes;
		Favorable transit position in the international division of labor;		Limited nature of the industrial development budget;
		High diversification of the economy, the presence of satellite industries developing due to industrial impulses;		Insufficient level of infrastructure development, the presence of infrastructure deficits in the production and commercial sphere;
		The desire of government agencies and big business to effective interaction to create competitive products;		Disparity in prices for industrial products and raw materials against the backdrop of restrictions on the implemented credit policy;
		The presence of clear institutional contracts to create an effective system of relationships between government and industrial structures.		The stability of the existing macroeconomic proportions, in which most of the added value is formed in the sphere of circulation.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC		Implementation of cluster, export and other initiatives that stimulate the development of local industry;		Permanent shortage of industrial enterprises' own sources of funds;	ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC
		Active implementation of measures to protect domestic industrial producers;		Mono-oriented economy, non-industrial specialization of many regions;
		An effective system of government orders for industrial products.		Low competitiveness of domestic industrial products.
		High economic activity within interconnected economic sectors of several regions with high innovation potential;		Repurposing of pre-existing large industrial facilities that had established production and technological connections with other facilities, their wear and tear and dilapidated production condition;
		Implementation of targeted programs for industrial development		High bureaucratization of the sectoral management goal-setting system;
		Availability in the industry management system of strategic documents on the implementation of industrial policy, taking into account the specifics of specific regions;		The impossibility of implementing a network approach for the interaction of industrial entities, the absence of clear axes and corridors for the development of industrial enterprises;
TERRITORIAL-INDUSTRY		Implementation of a selective approach to industrial development in the regions;		Uneven territorial distribution of demographic resources;	TERRITORIAL-INDUSTRY
		A high level of decentralization of the system for managing sectoral economic processes, in terms of transferring certain powers of the federal center to the regional level when implementing initiatives that contribute to the development of industrial production.		Dirigiste and non-systematic policy of government structures to level industrial differentiation, repelling investors from investing in high-tech industrial production and innovative technological developments
		The presence of formed protocluster formations and industrial “bushes”, that is, a high territorial and economic organization of interaction between economic entities, which stimulates the processes of cooperation and competition;		Weak communication activity between industrial loci in the regions, isolation of industrial nodes
		Support for the “poles of industrial growth” in combination with the traditional orientation of public-private capital towards industrial production;		Low density of product sales markets in a territorial context, dispersal of production and social infrastructure facilities;
		Implementation of industrial policy in the context of equalizing industrial potential across regions;		- the “narrowness” and mono-orientation of the industrial sector of the economy in a particular region does not allow the creation of a diversified industrial segment
		Availability in the industry management system of proven tools for monitoring crisis and pre-crisis states of the industrial sector;		A high proportion of poorly urbanized areas, with undeveloped, sparsely populated industrial space, insufficient density and/or poor configuration of industrial facilities, poor coverage of sales markets;
		Availability of virtual development resources - developed accompanying communication and information infrastructure, use of network decision-making mechanisms;		The presence of clear signs of obsolescence of the existing model of territorial organization of the territory and management of industrial enterprises as an integral complex in conditions of lack of financial resources;
		Stimulating the location of industrial production in accordance with the laws of territorial specialization of production.		Problems of forming satellite enterprises due to the lack of key industrial facilities.
SOCIAL		Socially responsible behavior of industrial corporations;		Low level and quality of life of the population	SOCIAL
		High level of motivation of labor resources to work in the industrial sector of the economy due to the absence of “gray” remuneration schemes;		High level of unemployment, underdeveloped social infrastructure and services to the population in the industrial sector of the economy;
		Supporting socially significant industries in order to preserve jobs in city-forming enterprises; public encouragement of socially and innovatively active industrial enterprises;		General deprivation of traditional industrial cities, expressed in the loss of qualified personnel, the depressed nature of the local economy and social. sphere, subsidized state of local budgets.
		Organizing industrial conventions, job fairs, etc.		Low mobility and social apathy of the population.
TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL		Technical and technological interaction of industrial entities within corporate entities, regardless of geographic distance;		The use of outdated technologies in the management of property complexes of enterprises;	TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL
		Use of foreign promising developments, technologies, ideas, allocation of subsidies for technology transfer;		Lack of activity in both export and import of innovative technologies for the high-tech industry;
		Close interaction with scientific and educational institutions of industrial enterprises;		The high cost of product certification according to international standards;
		Outsourcing of individual stages of the technological process in order to deepen the specialization of these entities and interact on the principles of cooperation with other participants;		Lack of economic and technological interaction between anchor industrial enterprises and service entities of scientific and technological entrepreneurship;
		State stimulation of the use of innovations;		Underdevelopment of information technology;
		Positive dynamics of received patents for inventions and patents for utility models.		Lack of targeted programs for technical re-equipment and modernization of industry.

3. The need to create high-tech (energy efficient, environmentally friendly, innovative) industries that are competitive in foreign markets against the backdrop of low consumer demands in domestic markets (orientation of the domestic population towards cheaper and less technologically intensive products).

4. The contradiction in the principles of implementing an equalizing industrial policy against the background of the concentration of industrial production in large industrial hubs.

5. Quite low activity in the use of information technologies and electronic economy tools in the implementation of industrial policy against the background of the global trend of integration of the industrial sector with the quaternary sector, which is a sign of the transition to a post-industrial paradigm of economic development.

Thus, taking into account the negative phenomena for the development of the industrial sector, the modernization of the instruments for implementing industrial policy is one of the most key tasks of ensuring the sustainable development of the manufacturing sector of the economy, while the actions of the structures regulating industrial growth should, first of all, be focused on expanding the range of instruments used.

Based on this, we propose to pay attention to the role of the information factor in the implementation of industrial policy within the framework of the quadruple unity of contours that characterize it.

Currently, the tools of the electronic economy are increasingly being introduced into the traditional economic sphere, which characterizes the transformation of the economic structure towards a post-industrial type. At the same time, it is necessary to distinguish between information tools used by the enterprise itself at the end-level, as well as information tools used in the context of the implementation of industrial policy by regulatory institutions. The role of information tools here is not limited to informing industry subjects about the possibilities of support mechanisms, but to a greater extent expands the range of activities of enterprises due to:

Transferring many non-core tasks on the principles of outsourcing to information and infrastructure entities;

Expanding the possibilities for certification of industrial facilities, industrial investment projects and sites;

Introduction of the idea of multi-user monitoring.

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1 Shevchenko I.K., Fedotova A.Yu., Razvadovskaya Yu.V., Sinnikova O.E., Pipiya B.R. INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGICAL CLUSTERS AS ORGANIZATIONAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FORMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FORMATION OF A NEW TECHNOLOGICAL SIGNAL Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Southern Federal University" Maintaining. In the current macroeconomic conditions, characterized by instability, the achievement of modernization goals and the transition to an innovative type of development largely depend on the state of the industrial sector of the economy. In turn, the efficiency of the industrial complex is largely determined by the proportions of its sectoral structure, which are formed under the influence of economic, political and technological factors and conditions. The main condition for the transformation of the structure is the process of changing technological structures, under the influence of which the technical and economic characteristics of industries change, old production is replaced by new, more technologically advanced, resource- and energy-saving innovative production. In this regard, one of the main tasks government controlled structural transformations are the creation of optimal conditions for the formation of a balanced structure of the industrial sector of the economy, corresponding to the technological and economic requirements of the currently existing technological structure, the expansion of technologies of which forms the prerequisites for long-term economic growth, increasing the competitiveness of the industrial complex and the economy as a whole.

2 One of the most effective organizational and institutional forms of development of the industrial complex is a cluster, which is an association of various organizations and allows taking advantage of the intra-company hierarchy and market mechanism, which makes it possible to more quickly and efficiently distribute new knowledge, scientific discoveries and inventions. The formation of complex technological solutions is a key advantage of the cluster, which ensures the translation of knowledge about new physical principles and effects obtained in the laboratories of academic institutes of the country into industrial production technologies. 1. Prospects for the development of the industrial sector economy in the context of the formation of a new technological structure. The currently existing technological structure began to develop into an integral reproductive system in the 80s of the twentieth century. The upward wave of the fifth Kondratieff cycle ended in 2005 and today the world economy is in a depression phase, which is expected to end in 2017. The basis of this technological structure is formed by: software, computer technology and information processing technologies, microelectronics, production of automation and communications equipment. According to the forecasts of some scientists, in the second decade of the 21st century, developed countries will move to the formation of the sixth technological structure. By this time, a reproductive system for a new technological structure will be formed, the formation that is currently taking place. The new technological structure will lead the economy to even greater intellectualization of production, a transition to a continuous innovation process in most industries and continuous education in most professions. The final process will be the transition from "society

3 consumption" to an "intelligent society" in which vital importance will acquire requirements for quality of life and comfort of the living environment. In the structure of consumption, the dominant role will be taken by informational, educational, medical services. Progress in information processing technologies, telecommunications systems, and financial technologies will entail further globalization of the economy and the formation of a single world market for goods, capital, and labor. These patterns reflect the economic development of advanced countries that set the trajectory of development of the world economy. By shaping the directions for the development of technological structures, they play the role of leaders of global economic development, taking advantage of all the advantages that arise. Countries lagging behind in development will be forced to copy the achievements of world leaders or take advantage of the results they have achieved, while giving away their natural resources at low prices. Within each technological structure, changes in political regimes and certain political reforms took place, which directly changed the structure of economies and, accordingly, the industrial sector of the economy. From the analysis of economic and technological development it is clear that the technological lag of Russian industry from global trends has been developing since the end of the 18th century. Despite the fact that at each stage of technological development the state implements measures to stimulate industrial sectors, there is no significant growth in the corresponding technologies. Objectively, this is due to the low density of demographic potential, strong differentiation of economic space, frequent political and military upheavals and a low share of their own innovative potential. As follows from the results of available assessments, at this stage of economic and technological development the fifth technological order prevails, which has reached the maturity phase in supporting industries with

4 simultaneous core lag. The core industries of the fifth technical specification include the industries of microelectronics, optoelectronics, precision and electronic instrumentation, radio engineering, aircraft engineering, and communications systems. According to academician Fedoseev, “The gap from the world level in these technologies is very difficult to overcome, even with impressive investments.” The existing gaps in the domestic industrial sector are compensated by the acquisition of imported technologies and equipment. This is evidenced by statistical data, according to which the fleet of personal computers and the volume of software technologies are growing at an annual rate of about 20-30%. These indicators indicate that currently the expansion of the fifth technological structure in Russian structure industrial sector of the economy “is of a catch-up imitation nature.” This fact is confirmed by the dynamics of the spread of various components of this structure. The closer the technology is to the sphere of final consumption, the higher the rate of its spread. The accelerated expansion of the main industries of the fifth structure occurs due to imported technologies, which leads to the impossibility of effective development of key technologies at the core of this structure. The existing technological gap forces the economy to make unequal exchanges with countries that are leaders of a given technological structure. G. Fetisov’s statement is correct: “The main reason for the underdevelopment of the high-tech sector in Russia was the creation of many technological monopolies that arose due to the privatization of individual links in the “technological chains” for the production of finished products, especially enterprises that were under the jurisdiction of different ministries during the Soviet era.” That is, instead of inter-industry complexes and clusters, separate enterprises with interrupted technological connections arose in the industrial sector.

5 The complexity of this situation is that there is a certain continuity between the fifth and sixth technological structures. And the technological lag in the development of supporting industries of the fifth structure will slow down the spread of the new sixth. The border between the fifth and sixth modes lies in the depth of penetration of technology into the structures of matter and the scale of information processing. The fifth way is based on the use of microelectronics, and the sixth on the use of nanotechnology. And it is precisely at the phase of replacement of technological structures that it is important to advance the development of key industries at the core of the new structure. This will make it possible in the future to receive intellectual rent and thereby finance the expanded reproduction of technologies of the new way. That is, timely identification and development basic industries the new way of life provides the opportunity for accelerated development for developing countries in a new long wave of economic growth, due to the rapid formation of technological complexes of the core of the new way of life and the modernization of its supporting industries. According to the forecasts of domestic and foreign experts, the key factors in the development of a new technological core are nanotechnologies, cellular technologies and genetic engineering methods, which are based on the use of atomic force microscopes and corresponding metrological systems. Accordingly, the core of the future technological structure will be nanoelectronics, nanomaterials and nanostructured coatings, optical nanomaterials, nanobiotechnologies, and nanosystem technology. Industries capable of ensuring the production of the latest technologies will be the electronic and nuclear industry, the information and communication sector, aircraft manufacturing and the rocket and space industry, cellular medicine, and the chemical and metallurgical complex. Despite the fact that development costs latest technologies the share of the sixth structure in the modern economy is growing and remains

6 insignificant. According to some forecasts, a qualitative leap will occur in the years after the completion of structural adjustment, when the scale of the relevant technologies will become significant and the economic environment will be ready for their widespread use. Along with the growth of the core industries of the new technological order, there will be a rise in supporting industries, such as aviation, electrical engineering, nuclear, instrument making, machine tool manufacturing, and education. The development of complex reproductive innovation cycles in industry will make it possible to equip the second division for the production of consumer goods with means of production, which will ensure the satisfaction of part of the demand for competitive industrial products on the domestic Russian market. Then, reproductive relationships based on complex innovation cycles should cover the integration of high-tech means of labor and objects of labor through priority investment of macro-innovations, with the subsequent restoration of the entire reproductive chain of the macro-innovation cycle based on the deployment of NIS in sectors of the economy and throughout Russia. Today, the mechanisms for activating innovation cycles are not working effectively enough, and the main factor holding back innovative development is the weak generation of innovative demand for national high-tech products and the absence of methods for reliable assessment, planning and tools for monitoring the dynamics of innovative development indicators. To measure the impact of innovation cycles in assessing the transformation of structural changes in industry, traditional indicators are not enough. When mastering the achievements of the new way of life, it is proposed to determine the contribution of innovative factors to the growth of GDP, labor productivity, capital productivity, material productivity, energy intensity in accordance with investment capacity and taking into account balance as criterial target indicators.

7 volumes of market demand for innovative factors in a favorable investment climate. Industry support should be based on an understanding of the fact that the state is not a stationary and permanent source of financing part of the current and capital costs of enterprises. Funding should be provided on a project basis to achieve specific development goals. In the medium term, the share of budget funding should be consistently reduced in favor of extra-budgetary sources. Support measures must be final, and at a certain stage, industries that have received state support must enter a development mode based on market resources and value generation in efficiently operating companies. The transition to improved, more efficient and innovative technologies in the manufacturing industries is one of the main tasks set by the Government of the Russian Federation. As part of the implementation of the main provisions of the Innovative Development Strategy, the state program provides for a number of main activities aimed at significant transformations in the leading sectors of the manufacturing industry. To solve problems in the field of modernization and innovative development, it is planned to implement measures to develop the national innovation system and form a system of technological forecasting, focused on meeting the long-term needs of the manufacturing sector of the economy, taking into account the development of key production technologies. For these purposes, it is planned to interconnect the activities of the subprograms with the emerging technological platforms and pilot projects of innovative territorial clusters. The development of cross-industry technologies is primarily expected within the framework of the implementation of the directions of the federal target program

8 “National technological base” for the years. This program is aimed at ensuring the technological development of domestic industry based on the creation and implementation of breakthrough, resource-saving, environmentally friendly industrial technologies for the production of competitive high-tech products. Achieving the goals of the program and its subprograms involves the creation of new advanced technologies and equipment necessary for their implementation at the level of experimental lines, demonstration units and (or) prototypes that confirm the readiness of technological solutions for industrial implementation. Industrial policy priorities, especially for regions and territories, are determined based on the competitiveness of the industry's economic activities. Currently, it is not fixed capital, but personnel, information and trade that determine the competitiveness of territories. Not only advanced technologies and companies are important, but also the readiness and ability of the territory to accept new companies and investment flows. Therefore, it is necessary to replace the sectoral logic of industrial policy with a spatial-territorial logic. To implement this approach, transformation is necessary internal organization economic space of the territory. The refusal of territories from an integrated model of economic activity in favor of a network of autonomous and interchangeable links - production complexes and enterprises tied to a place (networks of place), allowed the economic authorities in the territory to distribute powers primarily on the basis of economic assessments of the competitive potential of the main types of economic activity. The solution to this problem is still largely debatable. To develop control actions for industrial development on the part of government and business, it is not so much the cost assessment of the components of competitive potential that is important, but rather the rate of increase in competitive

9 development opportunities. By identifying potentially competitive types of economic activity in a territory based on objective indicators, it becomes possible to differentiate regional industrial policy by time horizon. Current industrial policy should aim to dominate markets in the near term. To “nurture” promising conglomerates, it will be necessary to activate the territory’s intellectual resources, the basis for the development of which is reliance on a technological approach. Practice shows that among the three main factors of competitive growth (technology, public institutions, macroeconomic environment), primacy belongs to the level of technological development and abilities for innovative development. The above factors should form the basis of a new structural industrial policy, which will make it possible to make the best use of existing competitive advantages for a qualitative leap in the development of domestic industry. 1.2 Formation of a cluster as the main organizational and institutional form of economic development. Currently, one of the main directions for reorganizing the country's industrial structure is the abandonment of traditional industrial policy and the transition to a new industrial policy - cluster. In this regard, the most important factor in ensuring the successful functioning and implementation of economic activity in conditions of fierce competition is the interaction between enterprises, which provides conditions for the creation of network structures of clusters. The relevance of the application of cluster policy in Russia is also due to the fact that: a significant part of the industrial potential created in the former USSR was not initially market-oriented;

10 the current export-raw materials orientation of the economy does not meet today's requirements; countries; the technological potential is rapidly being destroyed; the efficiency of Russian industry is low; the technological lag behind developed countries does not allow the creation of competitive high-tech products. World practice indicates that in the last two decades the process of cluster formation has been quite active and by now certain directions of clustering have emerged in the world (Table 1) Directions of clustering in the world Table 1 Direction of clustering Countries Electronic technologies and Switzerland, Finland communications, computer science Biotechnology and bioresources Netherlands , Germany, France, Great Britain, Norway Pharmaceuticals and cosmetics Denmark, Sweden, France, Italy, Germany Agricultural and food production Finland, Belgium, France, production Italy, the Netherlands Oil and gas complex and chemistry Switzerland, Germany, Belgium Mechanical engineering, electronics Netherlands, Italy, Germany, Norway, Ireland, Switzerland Healthcare Sweden, Denmark, Switzerland, Netherlands Communications and transport Netherlands, Norway, Ireland, Denmark, Finland, Belgium Energy Norway, Finland Light industry Switzerland , Austria, Italy, Sweden, Denmark, Finland Timber and paper complex Finland The effectiveness of the cluster approach is proven by the analysis of integration processes for creating clusters in developed countries.

11 In Denmark, for three years at the turn of the 1990s. an assessment of the prospects for the development of network structures in the country was carried out. Thanks to research based on the cluster approach, not only were enterprises identified that reflected a wide range of problems in the Danish economy, but also measures were taken that made Denmark a world leader in economic clustering, where today there are 29 leading clusters. Cluster approach in Finland for developing the country's industrial policy in the years. helped the country overcome a deep economic crisis: GDP in 1991 decreased by 7%, while the volume of industrial production in the same year decreased by 9%, private investment in fixed capital by 23%. Effective government intervention based on the cluster approach led to rapid economic growth in the second half of the 1990s. Currently, the forestry, information and telecommunications clusters are the most important for the Finnish economy, providing the bulk of exports. Pulp, paper and wood processing companies in the forestry cluster are implementing a global development strategy, actively acquiring companies abroad, and have one of the highest levels of labor productivity in the industry both domestically and globally. Other examples of the most well-known cluster-type systems are cooperation between companies: in the field of computer technology and information technology in Silicon Valley (USA); in the field of communications and telecommunications in Helsinki; in the field of film production in Hollywood (USA); the Bio Valley cluster, located at the junction of the borders of France, Germany and Switzerland. State policy in the field of formation and development of clusters is determined by national characteristics and can take the form of:

12 specific policies with a clearly defined strategy and allocated budget, which can cover a number of industrial sectors; policies focused on specific aspects of cluster development, for example, interaction between business and research organizations or business and government; development. policy as a component of other economic strategies. Foreign experience shows a wide variety of government organizations supporting clusters (Table 2) Analysis foreign practice creating clusters Table 2 Country Forms of support/implementation USA National Competitiveness Council, Cooperation Institutes Strategic Partnership Program for Economic Development Germany Federal programs in the Länder Italy Industrial districts France Territorial development management body National planning agency Finland National industrial strategy Great Britain Forecast technological program China National Development and Reform Commission Canada National Research Council Regional Development Agency (Cluster Strategy) Japan Central Organization for Sustainable Development and Promotion of Industrial Clusters Austria Innovation Research Program (TIP) India Austrian Business Agency National Science and Technology Development Program Foreign Analysis experience in the formation of clusters shows that there are two main models (Table 3) within which cluster policy is implemented - liberal and dirigiste.

13 The basic principle of the liberal model is that the cluster is a market organism, the role of the state is quite minimal, and boils down only to removing obstacles to its natural development and does not imply direct government intervention. In countries with dirigiste policies, the state plays a more active role in the process of cluster formation. This policy includes a set of measures from the selection of priority areas and financing of programs for the development of regional clusters to the targeted creation of key factors for their successful development. Thus, representatives of the dirigiste direction independently choose a region to create a cluster, purposefully create infrastructure for priority clusters, and also determine the amount of its financing. Table 3 Models of cluster policy Model Country Characteristics Dirigiste Liberal Japan, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Sweden, France, Finland and Slovenia USA, Great Britain, Australia, Canada An active state (federal) policy for the development of clusters plays an important role. The cluster is considered as a market organism. The role of the federal authorities is to remove barriers to its natural development. Three differences can be identified between the dirigiste model of cluster policy and the classical liberal one: 1. Choice of priorities. Dirigists at the state level choose sectoral and regional priorities and those clusters that they intend to develop. Liberal cluster policy grows clusters that were originally formed by the market.

14 2. Infrastructure development. Dirigistes purposefully create infrastructure for priority clusters: universities, research institutes, airports, roads. In countries with liberal cluster policies, on the contrary, governments are extremely rarely involved in creating infrastructure for clusters. 3. Select the region where the cluster is created. Directors independently select a region to create a cluster and also determine the amount of funding. Liberals create incentives for regional authorities, who bear full responsibility for the created cluster. The course towards the formation of clusters in the Russian economy was taken in 2005. It was from this period that the topic of creating clusters became one of the main directions of federal and regional programs for socio-economic development. In the last ten to fifteen years, the formation of clusters has become an important part of government policy in the field of regional development in many countries of the world. The Russian Government also considers cluster policy as one of 11 “key investment initiatives” along with the creation of the Investment Fund of the Russian Federation, the Development Bank and foreign economic activity, Russian venture company, special economic zones, a new program for the creation of technology parks and other initiatives that are tools for diversifying the Russian economy. In the Strategy for the Development of Science and Innovation in the Russian Federation for the period until 2015, stimulating demand for innovation and results is named as one of the tasks of economic modernization scientific research, creation of conditions and prerequisites for the formation of sustainable scientific and industrial cooperation ties, innovation networks and clusters. The Concept of long-term socio-economic development of the Russian Federation until 2020 notes that the success of implementation

15 innovative scenario for the country's development will depend on the ability government agencies authorities to provide conditions for further improvement of the institutional environment and the formation of institutional structures inherent in post-industrial society. These conditions include support for cluster initiatives aimed at achieving effective cooperation between organizations - suppliers of equipment and components, specialized production and service services, research and educational organizations within territorial production clusters. Thus, the state cluster policy emerging in Russia uses the tools of both the liberal and dirigiste models, i.e. a “mixed” model is used, which assumes, on the one hand, the active role of the regions themselves and regional companies in the formation of clusters, and, on the other hand, support for cluster initiatives from federal bodies authorities. But, despite the active state policy on the development of clusters, in Russia there are a number of factors hindering the formation and development of clusters: - low quality of business management, lack of orientation of many enterprises towards the international market; - weak level of development of territorial cooperation structures, which, as a rule, independently do not cope with the task of developing and implementing priorities to promote the interests of regional business - insufficient level of planning decisions on territorial economic development; - large horizons for achieving the expected results, since the real benefits from creating clusters appear only after 5-10 years. In general, based on the experience of foreign countries, we can say that the cluster can be presented as a point of growth, as the core of an innovation-oriented economy. And an economy in which clusters are given

16 main role, has every chance of becoming competitive and, importantly, attractive for investment. A regional cluster acts as a tool that stimulates the development of the region, creates a special favorable environment for the development of small, medium and large businesses and has a multiplier effect, which not only has a positive impact on the development of industry, but also helps to improve the level and quality of life of the population of the region, which will allow Russia to strengthen its competitive position in world markets. 1.3 The role of innovation and technology clusters as an institutional form of economic development in the industrial sector The high level of competitiveness of the country in the world market today is called the main source of sustainable economic growth. Since currently the country's success is increasingly determined by the updating of technologies, the development of new market niches and organizational innovations, the basis for increasing the competitiveness of the state is the high innovative activity of business. Today, for Russia, issues of innovative development are more relevant than ever. This topic is in the constant focus of the country's political leadership. The implementation of state innovation policy will significantly affect how and at what pace Russia will transition from countries “catching up” to the category of countries of global innovation leaders, at least in several positions capable of generating significant and sustainable income from high-tech exports. Russia faces a challenge related to strengthening the role of innovation in socio-economic development. The National Innovation System (NIS) is a set of legislative, structural and functional components that ensure the development of innovation activity in the country. There are quite a few definitions of NIS. As part of solving the problems of the present

17 research, the concept of NIS as a system that transforms knowledge into new technologies, products and services that are consumed in national or global markets is sufficient. The determining role in the functioning of the NIS is played by the state, which determines the rules for the functioning and interaction of participants in the innovation process through the formation of a regulatory environment. In addition to the state, the NIS includes the actual subjects of innovation activity - organizations and individuals involved in the creation and promotion of an innovative product, and infrastructure facilities - organizations that contribute to the implementation of innovation activities. The composition and system of connections of NIS are presented in Fig. 1. Political and legal environment National innovation system Innovation activity Technological sphere NIS infrastructure Innovation Subjects of innovation activity Markets for sales of high-tech products Fig. 1. Composition of the NIS and the system of links between innovation activities As follows from the definition of the NIS, the main result of its functioning is an increase in the volume of production of high-tech products. Achieving almost all the goals formulated in the latest Government materials (doubling GDP, increasing the standard of living of the population, etc.) ultimately comes down to how efficiently production will be organized. Therefore, the main goal of analyzing the functioning of the NIS and innovation infrastructure is

18 identification of measures that stimulate the growth of sales volumes of high-tech products of Russian enterprises. Currently, the dynamic development of the economy largely depends on its ability to introduce and master advanced technologies, new markets, generate knowledge and human capital. This is especially true for Russia. In the context of globalization, it is impossible to make a scientific, technological, information breakthrough and at the same time remain aloof from the ongoing processes. A technological cluster as an organizational and institutional form of development of innovations in industry is a collection of enterprises located in one limited territory and connected by production connections. The main idea of forming a cluster is to create, based on scientifically sound and technologically feasible integrated solutions, as well as commercial mechanisms, to create conditions for the re-equipment of high-value industries (development of new generation devices, mechanical engineering, new polymer materials, ultra-pure materials, nanotechnologies) and thereby prepare complex production and technological packages for profitable investments. Such decisions, which form the basis of investment projects, are a condition for the formation of a profitable zone in Russia for the first time. cash investments outside the resource-extractive sector of industry, in accordance with the decisions of the President of the Russian Federation and the mission of Russian industry. The construction of a cluster is associated with the need to combine, within one special zone, manufacturing business projects in a specific technological area, fundamental developments and modern systems for the design of new products and preparation for the production of these products. Clusters can be classified into several types:

19 Technological re-production and re-development of some existing infrastructure platform based on fundamentally new technological solutions of the next techno-industrial and socio-cultural structure. The main advantage of this cluster is due to the fact that it is formed around a system of guaranteed consumption of products. It is necessary to include fundamentally new materials in the design of infrastructure components and now manufacturers of this range will have a guaranteed consumer. The main difficulty in forming this cluster is connecting, organizing and aggregating different technological solutions so that the re-equipped infrastructure functions sustainably. The next type of cluster is associated with the creation of currently non-existent infrastructures based on fundamentally new physical principles and effects. For example, such a new infrastructure could be the launch of a constellation of satellites different sizes large satellites, small satellites, nanosatellites, which provide the creation of multi-level observation systems. The main advantage in the formation of this cluster is that it does not need to be integrated into existing production systems. It is formed in a new free place. The main disadvantage of this cluster is that it is never possible to calculate in advance the guaranteed demand for the products of this cluster. Therefore, the formation of this cluster can only be carried out under serious state guarantees. The third type of cluster should be called an ultrastructural (as opposed to infrastructural), meta-industrial cluster. On its basis, an industry is created to transform existing types of industry. We call the industry of re-equipment of existing industry meta-industry. A typical type of ultrastructural metaindustrial cluster may be a nanoelectronic cluster. The main advantage of this cluster is

20 opportunities to form a whole cluster of enterprises around advanced technology of a new class where it will be implemented. The main difficulty in building this cluster lies in the complex system of coordination of scientific, technological, financial, organizational and industrial production solutions. The fourth type of cluster can be called a “borrowing a frontier technology platform” cluster. Progress towards the formation of a new techno-industrial structure presupposes the creation of conditions for the development of technologies that form the leading edge of technological development in the world today. Therefore, borrowing and redeveloping advanced technological platforms in the Russian industrial system is a prerequisite for its competitiveness. In this case, we are not talking about simply mastering technological lines that produce finished products. The task is to, based on connecting to the analysis of technological solutions embedded in this platform of fundamental practice-oriented science, over time, propose the next step in the development of this technological platform. The advantage of building this cluster is that it is based on import-substituting technologies. The operation and use of these technologies involves entering the domestic market and offering lower prices for the production of products already mastered by the consumer. The main difficulties in the formation of this cluster are associated primarily with the domestic culture of industrial production labor. Very often, the cost and production costs on a borrowed technology platform are higher than on similar foreign production facilities. There are such types of clusters as innovative, industrial, regional, transnational, etc. Researchers define the essence of cluster associations in different ways. Some highlight geographic concentration as the main characteristic of a cluster, others industry affiliation, and still others innovation orientation. In our opinion

In 21 opinion, it is innovation orientation that becomes the main characteristic of modern clusters, since it determines their competitiveness. An innovation cluster is an association of various organizations that allows them to take advantage of the intra-company hierarchy and market mechanism, which makes it possible to more quickly and efficiently distribute new knowledge, scientific discoveries and inventions. The difference between an innovation cluster and other forms of economic associations is that the cluster companies do not go for a complete merger, but create an interaction mechanism that allows them to maintain their status legal entity and at the same time cooperate with other enterprises forming the cluster and beyond. A complex combination of competition and cooperation is formed in clusters, especially in innovation processes. The sustainable development of innovation clusters depends critically on access to advanced sources of scientific knowledge and modern technologies, as well as on the ability to concentrate significant amounts of financial resources. The presence of a developed infrastructure of intellectual and financial capital plays a decisive role in the process of innovation orientation of the cluster. Innovation clusters become a kind of “platform” on which continuous interaction of financial and intellectual capital takes place. The innovation cluster includes the entire innovation chain from the generation of scientific knowledge and the formation of business ideas based on it to the sale of commercial products in traditional or new markets. Centers for generating innovations of one kind or another are present in any cluster, and therefore any cluster has one or another degree of innovation. The formation of innovation clusters synthesizes the synergy effect that arises on the basis of general standardization of products. At the same time, all cluster participants receive additional competitive advantages

22 under the combined influence of economies of scale, scope and synergy. The success of innovative activity, like any other, is largely determined by the forms of its organization and methods of financial support. As new scientific developments and technologies become fundamental components of the national power of the state, countries with market economies find a variety of opportunities to support and develop innovation. At the same time, the variety of methods for financing innovation activities and the range of activities to indirectly support innovation are expanding. 1.4 Institutional forms of state regulation of the development of productive forces Institutional forms are patterns, methods, rules, norms of behavior determined by the specific socio-economic and technological conditions of society that regulate the order of social interaction in society. These are specific formal and informal ways of fixing norms that regulate people’s behavior. The first are the constitution, legislative acts, rules, instructions, including norms regulating property relations, to second traditions, customs, rituals. They determine the status, scope of application, nature, and degree of responsibility for failure to comply with standards. On the substantive side, institutional forms are patterns, methods, rules, and norms of behavior conditioned by specific material, technological, and socio-economic environmental conditions that regulate the order of social interaction in society. The institutional form does not exist on its own; it is an element of a structured system social relations. Even being relatively independent, it derives the very condition of its existence from the existence of other institutional forms.

23 The stage of modernization, the formation of an industrial society, the transition from the dominance of a natural to an economic way of managing is associated with the complication of the structure of jointly shared human activity, the growth of its individualization in all spheres. And this requires government intervention to avoid various incidents and the emergence of problems between the interaction of various institutional forms. The state of a country's economy depends on the level of development of its productive forces. The level of productive forces determines the dynamics of growth of national wealth and social labor productivity. Productive forces are a system of personal and material factors of production in their interaction, the functional purpose of which is to transform matter and forces of nature to meet the needs of humanity. The level of development of productive forces expresses the degree of knowledge and mastery of the laws of nature and is the most important indicator of social progress. Productive forces are a self-developing system in which, in the process of human labor activity, there is an impact on the subject of labor and its transformation. Accordingly, a person with his intelligence, psychophysiological qualities, professional knowledge and skills, experience, attitude to work, value orientations, etc. is the main element of this system, the main productive force of society, and the most important source of innovation in a company is its own personnel. All company employees should be considered as sources of innovation, because they are the ones who best understand the specifics of the respective business. In the words of Steve Jobs, “Innovation is not about how many dollars you put into R&D. When Apple entered the market with the Mac, IBM was spending at least 100 times more on them. It's not about the money. It's about your people, how you lead them and how much you understand."

24 Issues of innovative development are more relevant for Russia today than ever. They are under close attention of the country's political leadership. Russia faces a challenge related to strengthening the role of innovation in socio-economic development. The implementation of state innovation policy will mainly affect the pace and manner in which Russia will transition from countries “catching up” to the category of countries of global innovation leaders. To begin with, this must be done in several positions capable of generating significant and sustainable income from high-tech exports. In the near future, most of the technologies used in all spheres of the economy and human activity in general should be sufficiently updated on the basis of modern advances in bio-, nano- and IT technologies. It should be noted that Russia’s position here is not very strong yet, but by 2020 Russia should take a leading position, as stated in Order No. 1662-r dated November 17, 2008. In ed. Orders of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1121-r. “Economy and Leadership”: “by 2020, Russia can take a significant place (5 10 percent) in the markets of high-tech goods and intellectual services in 5 7 or more sectors. Conditions will be created for the massive emergence of new innovative companies in all sectors of the economy, and primarily in the field of the knowledge economy.” Thus, the share of organizations carrying out technological innovations in our country is 5 times lower than in OECD countries. The continuation of this situation may lead to a deepening of the technological, and subsequently economic and social gap with developed countries. But if trends change, due to the scientific and technological reserves accumulated in Soviet times and the presence of strong scientific schools, Russia can become a leader in a number of important technological areas. Increasing innovation and modernizing the Russian economy is possible subject to the closest possible cooperation between the state, science and business, and

25 the implementation of the assigned tasks largely depends on the activity of the latter. In this regard, one of the key directions of state policy is a sharp increase in the innovative activity of business both in the direction of modernization technological processes, as well as the launch of fundamentally new products that are competitive on the world market. It is necessary to develop an environment conducive to innovation. Business must operate in conditions where constant innovation becomes an integral element of civilized competition between companies, when innovatively active companies receive long-term advantages in the market and, in this regard, their owners are interested in effective innovation. Large companies with state participation, which are one of the most important structural elements of the Russian economy, accounting for more than 20% of the country's GDP, will play an important role in the process of increasing the economy's receptivity to innovation. The transition of these companies to the implementation of an active innovation policy will significantly increase innovation activity, expand the demand for innovation, and create significant progressive technological changes in the Russian economy. These companies represent key sectors of Russian industry, and often occupy a dominant position in them; their innovative development in the medium term can have a significant impact on the relevant industries and the Russian economy as a whole. The main idea of forming a cluster is to create, on the basis of scientifically-based and technologically feasible integrated solutions, as well as commercial mechanisms, to create conditions for the re-equipment of high-value industries (development of new generation devices, mechanical engineering, new materials, polymers, ultra-pure materials, nanotechnologies) and thereby preparing comprehensive production and technological packages for profitable

26 investments. Such decisions, which form the basis of investment projects, are a condition for the formation in Russia for the first time of a zone of profitable financial investments outside the resource-extractive sector of industry, in accordance with the decisions of the President of the Russian Federation and the mission of Russian industry. The formation of complex technological solutions is a key advantage of the cluster, which ensures the translation of knowledge about new physical principles and effects obtained in the laboratories of academic institutes of the country into industrial production technologies, as well as into technological know-how of devices and instrumental systems of a new class for various industries. In his article “Russian competitiveness: where are we?” Michael Porter identifies several functions that clusters perform in the economic development of any country: “clusters are critical engines in economic structure national and regional economy. The prosperity of the region depends on significant positions in a certain number of competitive clusters; clusters can define fundamental challenges in national or regional business conditions: clusters are highly correlated with the nature of competition and microeconomic factors that influence competitive advantage; clusters provide new way thinking in the field of economics and efforts to develop its organization. Thus, the cluster forces us to reconsider the roles of the private sector, government, trade associations, educational and research institutions in economic development, and also to identify common opportunities, and not just common problems of firms and companies of all forms of ownership.” Conclusion. The promising sixth technological structure will lead the economy to even greater intellectualization of production and the transition to a continuous innovation process in most industries. Progress in technology

27 information processing, telecommunications systems, financial technologies will entail further globalization of the economy, the formation of a single world market for goods, capital, and labor. In this regard, there is a need to develop high-tech manufacturing that can ensure the competitiveness of the Russian economy in international markets, as well as create the preconditions for long-term economic growth. Despite an increase in innovation activity in recent years, the share of organizations engaged in technological innovation is still 5 times lower than in OECD countries. The continuation of this situation may lead to a deepening of the technological, and subsequently economic and social gap with developed countries. Increasing the innovative and technological potential of manufacturing and modernizing the Russian economy is possible subject to the closest possible cooperation between the state, science and business, and the implementation of the assigned tasks largely depends on the activity of the latter. In this regard, one of the key directions of the state economic policy there should be a strengthening of the relationship between the state, science and business in potentially high-tech industries. This policy involves the formation of innovation clusters, which are centers for the generation of innovations and contribute to the modernization of technological processes, as well as the introduction to the market of fundamentally new products that are competitive both in the domestic and global markets. Literature: 1. Dane Y. What phase of the Kondratiev cycle are we in? // Questions of Economics, 1992, 10, p.

28 2. Pantin V.I., Lapkin V.V. Philosophy of historical forecasting: rhythms of history and prospects for world development in the first half of the 21st century. Dubna: “Phoenix+”, p. 3. Kapitsa S.P., Kurdyumov S.P., Malinetsky G.G. Synergetics and future forecasts. M.: Editorial URSS, p. 4. Makhov S.A. Sustainable development from the position of the technological imperative // In collection. “Synergetics: The Future of the World and Russia,” ed. G.G. Malinetsky M.: Publishing house LKI, p. 5. ShcheprovS. V., Outstanding revolutionary N. E. Fedoseev, M., Industry of Russia: Statistical collection M., Glazyev S.Yu. Theory of long-term technical and economic development. M.: Vladar, Fetisov G. The future of the Russian economy: export of raw materials, diversification or high technology? VI International Kondratieff Conference “Does Russia have a non-resource-based future?” Reports and speeches of conference participants and reports of laureates of the V International Competition for the N.D. Medal. Kondratyeva M.: Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akaev A.A., Mikhailushkin A.I., Sokolov V.N., Sarygulov A.I. Investments and economic scenarios for innovative and technological development of the Russian Federation based on logistic models / In the book “Forecast of innovative and technological development of Russia for the period up to 2030.” M.: MISK, with Economic security. Editor-in-chief V.K. Senchagov. M.: “Finance” Novitsky N.A. Chapter 11. Indicators of investment and innovation security. 11. Theses of the State program of the Russian Federation "Development of industry and increasing its competitiveness"

The main directions of the policy of the Russian Federation in the field of development of the innovation system for the period until 2010 (approved by the Government of the Russian Federation on August 5, 2005 N 2473p-P7) I. General provisions 1. Main directions

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The article examines the problems of modeling the main indicators of sustainability of the industrial sector of the economy. Based on manufacturing industries, the industrial sector of the region's economy is studied. During the study, it is planned to solve the following problems: constructing an integral indicator of the sustainability of development of the industrial sector of the regional economy using two methodological approaches, assessing particular criteria, analyzing dynamics and adapting the model for analyzing and forecasting the development of the industrial sector of the economy of the Republic of Mordovia. The analysis carried out allows us to conclude that econometric modeling is a working tool for formulating a strategy and tactics for the development of a region in order to increase the sustainability of the industrial sector of its economy.

sustainable development

industrial sector of the economy

manufacturing industries

integral indicator

sustainability index

1. Bobylev S.N. Sustainable development: methodology and measurement techniques: textbook / S.N. Bobylev, N.V. Zubarevich, S.V. Solovyova, Yu.S. Vlasov; edited by S.N. Bobyleva. – M.: Economics, 2011. – 358 p.

2. Ivanova I.A. Integral assessment and forecasting of the innovative potential of the regions of the Volga Federal District // Economic analysis: theory and practice. –2014. -No. 36. –S. 20-29.

3. Mordovia: Statistical Yearbook / Mordoviastat. – Saransk, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008,2009,2010,2011,2012, 2013.

4. Mordovia: Statistical Yearbook / Mordoviastat. – Saransk, 2014. – 463 p.

5. Main performance indicators of enterprises engaged in industrial production: Statistical Bulletin No. 201(4) / Mordoviastat. – Saransk, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008,2009,2010,2011,2012, 2013.

6. Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 17, 2008 No. 1662-r “On the Concept of long-term socio-economic development of the Russian Federation for the period until 2020” (with amendments and additions).

7. Federal Law of June 28, 2014 No. 172-FZ “On Strategic Planning in the Russian Federation.”

In the context of reforming the Russian economy, the task of transitioning from an export-raw materials orientation of the country's economy to innovative path development, which predetermines the sustainable functioning of the industrial sector. The need to solve it is reflected in the Concept of long-term socio-economic development of Russia until 2020 and confirmed in the Law of the Russian Federation “On Strategic Planning in the Russian Federation”.

Thus, in modern development conditions, achieving a state of sustainability is one of the most important tasks in the functioning and development of any socio-economic system.

There is no generally accepted and universal definition of sustainable development. There are many formulations of this concept in the economic literature. In the domestic economic literature, the category “sustainable development” is most often interpreted as a long-term state that does not change in its main characteristics. Development is considered only if it lays the foundations for further growth, otherwise there is extensive consumption of existing resources.

The basis for the sustainable development of the country's economy is the stable development of its constituent elements - regions, branches of the industrial sector, and individual enterprises. Consequently, the sustainable development of the industrial sector is an integral part of the sustainable development of the national economy, forming its “backbone”.

In the Republic of Mordovia, the share of the industrial sector in the gross regional product is 27.8% in 2012, having decreased by 3.9 percentage points compared to 2008, which is due to the consequences of the global financial crisis. The sustainable development of the regional industrial sector is determined by the structure of the industrial sector of the region's economy. For example, in the structure of GRP of the Republic of Mordovia in 2012, manufacturing industries accounted for 22.9%.

Thus, the basis of the industrial sector of the economy of the Republic of Mordovia is the manufacturing industries, on the sustainable development of which the sustainability of the entire industrial sector depends.

In the current conditions of Russia's accession to the WTO, there will be a strengthening of the regulatory role of the state in ensuring the sustainable development of the regional and national economy, which will require new approaches in determining the economic regional policy, development of new forms, methods and tools of government regulation. One of the tools for government regulation of sustainable development of the industrial sector is econometric modeling.

Methodological tools allow us to predict the situation of development of the industrial sector of the region for the future, based on specific local criteria. These conditions are determined based on statistical indicators of the real state of the industrial sector. At the first stage of forecasting, it is necessary to organize the collection of statistical data for the industrial sector of the regional economy so that the goals and objectives of the forecast are based on information taken in the specific conditions of its development in a certain period of time.

One of the methods for assessing the level of sustainability of the industrial sector of the regional economy is the construction of an integral indicator, which can be a transformed polygon (radar).

The specified polygon is a graphic image of the position of the industrial sector of the economy of the Republic of Mordovia according to the most significant sustainability criteria. The advantages of its use include the possibility of simultaneous comparison of the industrial sector of the regional economy according to a group of characteristics over a number of years. The advantages of the sustainability polygon of the industrial sector of the regional economy also include the clarity of the result and ease of analysis.

The information basis for the application of the method is official statistical data for the Republic of Mordovia, which ensures increased objectivity of assessments.

Let us analyze the dynamics of the sustainability of the industrial sector of the economy of the Republic of Mordovia using the example of manufacturing industries, from 2003 to 2012, using the statistical data presented in table. 1.

Table 1

Initial statistics for modeling

Turnover, million rubles

Shipment, million rubles

Amount of profit, million rubles.

Share of profitable enterprises, %

Return on assets, %

Share in GRP, %

An integral assessment of the sustainability of the industrial sector of the regional economy is carried out according to twelve local criteria:

X1-turnover, million rubles;

X2 - shipment, million rubles;

X3-amount of profit, million rubles;

X4 - share of profitable enterprises, %;

X5- average annual cost fixed assets, million rubles;

X6 - degree of depreciation of fixed assets, %;

X7 - average annual number of employees, thousand people;

X8-investments in fixed capital, million rubles;

X9 - profitability of goods, products (works, services) sold, %;

X10 - return on assets, %;

X11 - labor productivity, thousand rubles;

X12 - share in GRP, %.

An assessment of the industrial sector of the economy of the Republic of Mordovia based on these factors allows us to construct hypothetical polygons of the stability of the industrial sector of the regional economy over a number of years (Fig. 1).

Fig.1. Polygons of sustainability of the industrial sector of the economy of the Republic of Mordovia

The results obtained are mathematically confirmed by the following calculations. Generalizing indicators were calculated equal to the relative area of the polygon constructed inside the evaluation circle according to the selected indicators. The area of a polygon is determined by dividing it into triangles and finding the sum of their areas using the formula:

where Kji are the coordinates of the vertices of the polygon (radar) in coordinate axes with the beginning in the center of the circle for the i-year,

k is the number of individual criteria being assessed (in this case k=12).

The sustainability index of the industrial sector of the economy of the Republic of Mordovia is calculated using a formula of the form:

where Si is the area of the stability polygon of the industrial sector of the economy of the i-th (i=10) year.

S is the total area of the feature space (the polygon of the “reference” year, for which the ranks are equal to the maximum possible value).

The value of the private index on a five-point scale must be calculated using the formula:

where is the particular value of the statistical data of the i-th object;

Maximum and minimum values statistical readings from various sources.

The results of calculations of partial indices of the integral assessment of the sustainability of the industrial sector of the regional economy are presented in Table. 2.

table 2

Ranks of private criteria of the industrial sector of the economy of the Republic of Mordovia

Turnover, million rubles

Shipment, million rubles

Amount of profit, million rubles.

Share of profitable enterprises, %

Average annual cost of fixed assets, million rubles.

Depreciation rate of fixed assets, %

Average annual number of employees, thousand people

Investments in fixed capital, million rubles.

Profitability of goods, products (works, services) sold, %

Return on assets, %

Labor productivity, thousand rubles.

Share in GRP, %

Sum of ranks

Integral assessment

Analysis of the dynamics of the integral indicator of sustainability of the industrial sector of the economy of the Republic of Mordovia (Fig. 2) allows us to conclude that from 2003 to 2008. this indicator is growing steadily, reaching its maximum value for the period under review in 2008, then in 2009 there is a sharp decline, caused by the consequences of the global financial crisis. After 2009, the integral indicator has been growing, but at a slower pace than in 2007-2008.

Rice. 2. Dynamics of integral indicators of sustainability of the industrial sector of the economy of the Republic of Mordovia from 2003 to 2012.

We come to similar conclusions by calculating the indices (Table 3) of the sustainability of the industrial sector of the economy of the Republic of Mordovia, from 2003 to 2012.

Table 3

Sustainability indices of the industrial sector of the economy of the Republic of Mordovia, from 2003 to 2012.

Thus, the presented radar diagram, the dynamics of the integral indicator, as well as the calculated sustainability indices of the industrial sector of the economy of the Republic of Mordovia using the example of manufacturing industries make it possible to assess sustainability for the period under review.

Reviewers:

Zinina L.I., Doctor of Economics, Professor, Professor of the Department of Statistics, Econometrics and Information Technologies in Management, Mordovian State University named after. N.P. Ogareva", Saransk.

Makarkin N.P., Doctor of Economics, Professor, Head of the Department of Economics and Organization of Production, Mordovian State University named after. N.P. Ogareva", Saransk.

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Ignatieva M.V. MODEL FOR ASSESSING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY // Contemporary issues science and education. – 2014. – No. 5.;
URL: http://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=15163 (access date: 01/05/2020). We bring to your attention magazines published by the publishing house "Academy of Natural Sciences"

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