forecasting indicator system regional development; are used
Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation for the distribution of the financial support fund
territories are included in the system of indicators of the performance of bodies
state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
GRP calculation is carried out by territorial state statistics bodies
as part of the implementation of elements of the system of national accounts (hereinafter - SNA) on
regional level. The SNA includes a set of statistical tables called accounts, each of which characterizes a specific stage economic cycle: production, education and income distribution, final consumption expenditure and accumulation. The main macroeconomic indicator around which the entire system is built is gross domestic product (hereinafter - GDP) - at the country level, at the regional level - GRP. The calculation methodology was developed by Rosstat and is uniform for all regions. For the first time, GRP was calculated for 1994.
The methodology for calculating GDP and GRP is basically the same, with the exception of
only individual species economic transactions that are taken into account only by country in
generally and are included in GDP. Thus, when calculating GRP, value added is not taken into account.
created as a result of multiregional activities, namely activities in
areas of national defense, services government controlled and some other services,
provided to society as a whole at the expense of funds federal budget. Therefore the amount
The GRP of all subjects of the Russian Federation is not equal to GDP.
Gross regional product is a general indicator of economic
activities of the region, characterizing the process of production of goods and services. Grade
GRP is carried out on the basis of production method. The production account takes
central to the SNA in many respects and forms the basis for all others
economic cycles: formation and distribution of income, consumption, accumulation.
The production account reflects the creation of value added and looks like this:
GRP is calculated by institutional sectors of the economy:
sector is not financial corporations;
public administration sector;
household sector;
sector of non-profit organizations serving households;
financial corporations sector.
Within each sector, calculations are made by type economic activity.
The non-financial corporations sector is a sector manufacturing enterprises,
whose main function is the production and sale of products and
non-financial services at prices that reimburse production costs.
Output is defined as the sum of issues for large, medium and small
enterprises taking into account adjustments for economic activities that are not observable 3
direct statistical methods and adjustments to information from alternative
sources.
The main information source for calculating the output of large and medium-sized
enterprises are structural survey data in the form of the federal
statistical observation No. 1-enterprise “Basic information about activities
organizations":
Indicator name
Total issue 1+2
Production of goods and services of own production (without trade margins) 1
Shipped goods of own production, performed works and services in-house
by force (without VAT and excise taxes and other similar payments)
Produced industrial and agricultural products included in the reporting
period in fixed assets
Manufactured products transferred to other legal and individuals on
free of charge
Produced feed, fertilizers and other products for use in the implementation of
agricultural activities on their own
Produced agricultural products of own production, transferred
to its non-agricultural divisions
Subsidies from the budget related to current production to cover losses
organizations arising from the sale of goods (works, services)
Remains: finished industrial products of own production; animals on
growing and fattening; finished agricultural products own
production; work in progress:
for the beginning of the year
at the end of the year +
Issue in terms of trade margin 2
Sold goods purchased for resale +
Expenses for purchasing goods for resale -
Remaining goods for resale:
for the beginning of the year
at the end of the year +
Sold raw materials, components, fuel purchased earlier for
production of products
Purchase cost of raw materials, materials, fuel, components purchased
for the production of products, but sold externally without processing (processing)
To calculate output for small enterprises, annual data are used
financial statements and forms of federal statistical observation. Calculation algorithm
output is similar to the calculation of output for large and medium-sized enterprises.
To add output to economic activities not directly observable
statistical methods, all available sources of information are used: data
current and sample statistical observations, administrative data and other
indirect information.
The main information source for calculating intermediate consumption
Also included are the data from form No. 1-enterprise:
Indicator name
(included in the calculation +, excluded from the calculation -)
Intermediate consumption
Expenses for the purchase of raw materials, supplies, purchased semi-finished products and components
products for the production and sale of products (goods, works, services)
Expenses for the purchase of fuel, energy, water +
Remains in warehouse: raw materials, supplies, purchased semi-finished products and components,
purchased for the production and sale of products (goods, works, services); fuel for
production and sale of products (goods, works, services):
for the beginning of the year
at the end of the year -
Cost of raw materials, materials, fuel, purchased semi-finished products and components
for the production and sale of products (goods, works, services) donated and/or
towards a contribution to authorized capital other organizations
The purchase price of raw materials, materials, fuel, components purchased for
production of products, but sold externally without processing
Rent and entertainment expenses +
Expenses for payment of works and services third party organizations +
The cost of raw materials and supplies written off as deferred expenses -
Other expenses associated with the production and sale of products (goods, works, services) +
The general government sector includes institutional units,
whose main function is to provide non-market services to society. This
budgetary institutions, state extra-budgetary funds and non-profit
organizations controlled and financed by the state.
General government output is defined as the value of goods and
services, the production of which is organized by the state and financed from
state budget and government off-budget funds and is subdivided
▪ goods and services of an individual nature provided to households
households (for example, health and education services);
▪ collective services provided to society as a whole (for example,
public administration, defense).
The assessment of output and intermediate consumption is made based on the sum of current
costs of sector units.
The source of information is data from reports on the implementation of the federal
budget, consolidated budget subject of the Russian Federation and state budgets
off-budget funds.
The household sector covers groups of the population engaged in household activities.
farming. A household is defined as a small group of people living
jointly, combining (in whole or in part) their income and property and
jointly consuming certain types of goods and services, which include
mainly housing and food.
Households can be both consumers and producers of goods
and services, carrying out production activities in the form of individual
enterprises, or informally, in order to provide their own products
needs or its implementation on the market. 5
Market enterprises of households are created for the purpose of production
products or services for sale or exchange on the market. They can be busy anywhere
form production activities: V agriculture, industrial production,
construction, retail trade, production of transport or legal services And
Non-market household enterprises are created for the purpose of production
goods or services for their own final consumption or accumulation, but
can sell part of the production that exceeds their own needs.
Estimation of output and intermediate consumption of the household sector
determined in the amount of revenue from production activities and costs for it
based on diverse information: statistical observations of activities
individual entrepreneurs, agricultural census, sample
household budget surveys, household surveys on
employment problems, etc.
Sector of non-profit organizations serving households
farms, includes institutional units financed and controlled
households: public and religious associations, political
parties, trade unions, social movements, etc. The purpose of the activity
These organizations are not making a profit.
Not commercial organizations servicing households provide
goods and services to households are virtually (or mostly) free or at
prices that have no economic significance.
Non-profit organizations are created to provide legal assistance,
achievements of social, charitable, cultural, educational and other
goals aimed at achieving public goods.
Output and intermediate consumption by sector are defined as the value
non-market services, which are valued based on the amount of current costs.
To calculate output and intermediate consumption, forms are used
Federal Statistical Observation No. 1-NPO “Information on Activities
non-profit organization" and 12-f "Information on the use of funds."
The financial corporations sector consists of businesses primarily
engaged in financial intermediation or auxiliary financial activities.
Output in this sector is defined as the sum of fees for financial services
mediation in direct form, or included in implicit form in interest rates,
set for various categories borrowers and lenders.
Intermediate consumption is determined by experts.
To generate information in this sector, indicators are used,
data from federal statistical monitoring developed by the Bank of Russia
activities of insurance organizations, information on the activities of non-state
pension funds and etc.
Currently, at the regional level, the calculation of output and intermediate
consumption in the financial corporations sector is carried out only by type
activity "Insurance" based on data from the federal statistical form
observation No. 1-SK “Information on the activities of the insurance organization.”
Most important indicators level of regional economic development and identification
structural changes are indices of physical volume, for the calculation of which
it is necessary to estimate GRP in constant prices. The main assessment methods in 6
At constant prices, deflation and extrapolation methods are used. In some cases, the direct revaluation method is also used, which consists of multiplying
quantity produced in reporting period products at the corresponding prices of the base period.
The deflation method consists of dividing the cost of goods and services in the current
period by an index reflecting changes in prices for these goods and services in the current period
compared to prices of the base (previous) period.
The extrapolation method consists of multiplying the cost of goods and services by
base (previous) period to an index reflecting changes in physical volume
of a given set of goods and services in the current period compared to the base
(previous) period.
To calculate indicators of the dynamics of physical volume and prices at the level
The region's economy as a whole is used:
GRP physical volume index, which is calculated by dividing
value of GRP in the current period, assessed in prices of the base period, for its
cost in the base period;
GRP deflator, characterizing the average change in prices in the economy over
a certain period, obtained by dividing the GRP value index (in current prices)
by the index of physical volume of GRP or by dividing the value of GRP in the current period
to its value in the current period, assessed in prices of the base period.
Currently, in addition to the GRP indicator, territorial bodies
State statistics calculate some other macroeconomic indicators: actual final consumption of households, gross fixed capital formation, gross mixed income (gross profit of the economy). These indicators serve as important indicators economic processes,
happening in regional economy.
Gross regional product (GRP)- an indicator measuring gross value added, calculated by excluding the volume of its intermediate consumption from the total gross output. At the national level, GRP corresponds to the gross national product, which is one of the basic indicators of the system of national accounts.
Calculation methods
Gross regional product at the production stage, calculated production method, represents the sum of gross value added created by all resident institutional units in economic territory region (excluding net taxes on products).
It is calculated at the level of industries and sectors using the production method as the difference between the output of goods and services and intermediate consumption, formed from the cost of goods and services that are transformed or completely consumed in the production process. The term “gross” indicates that the indicator is determined before deducting consumption of fixed capital.
Gross regional product is calculated at current basic and market prices ( nominal volume of gross regional product), as well as at comparable prices ( real volume of gross regional product).
GRP and GDP
The indicator of gross regional product is, in its economic content, very close to the indicator of gross domestic product. However, there is a significant difference between the indicators of gross domestic product (at the federal level) and gross regional product (at the regional level). The sum of gross regional products for Russia does not coincide with GDP, since it does not include the added value of non-market collective services (defense, public administration, and so on) provided by government agencies to society as a whole.
Starting from the results for 2004, data on gross regional product (GRP) are published in basic prices; Previously, data on GRP were published in market prices.
Currently, the active implementation of DIS PDNS (Two-Level Integrated Data Preparation System for National Accounts) is underway. GRP for 2007 was calculated with the introduction of DIS PDNS, which allowed for additional monitoring of indicators and data collection. Until recently, DIS PDNS has not outgrown the stage of experimental operation and represents an unresolved tangle of conflicts in the formulation of problems in various statistical forms. In 2010, the development of DIS PDNS was transferred to a new contractor (
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The indicator - gross regional product (GRP) - is used to characterize the results of production in the region, to assess the level economic development, economic growth rates and labor productivity analysis. Total GRP is the value of all final goods and services produced in the region during the year. According to Keynesian model, the total GRP is calculated using the following formula:
VPP = C + I + S + E – M, (1)
where, C – consumption; I – investments; S – regional and municipal expenses; E – export; M – import.
Formula (1) shows what it depends on the economic growth in the country and how you can influence it. Main source GDP growth are consumption (C) and investment (I). In order to stimulate consumer demand and investment levels, central bank lowers interest rates and the government reduces taxes. Increase in regional and municipal expenses(S) also leads to an increase in GDP. To analyze labor productivity and compare regions, GRP per capita is used, which is determined by dividing the total GRP by the population of the region. We examined 80 regions of Russia for 2012-2013. .
As a result of using the principal component method, the greatest influence is exerted by specific factors: I, C, S, E, M, which are arranged in descending order of variations. Variation refers to dispersion and standard deviation. Influencing factors are independent indicators on the right side of the equation.
For overall GRP, the following regression equation was constructed, which is significant at the 5% level:
GRP= exp(5.136+0.000001 INV_OK+0.000076 UCH-0.000307 ACP+0.0095 DOC-0.00008 Z_NIR +0.000013 Z_TEHN) with correlation coefficient R = 0.82,
where INV_OK is the volume of investment in fixed capital; UCH – number of personnel engaged in scientific research; ACP - admission and graduation from graduate school: DOC - admission and graduation from doctoral studies: Z_NIR - costs of Scientific research; Z_TEHN – costs of technological innovation.
An increase in INV_OK, UCH, DOC, Z_TEHN has a positive effect. The greatest effect comes from increasing the number of doctors of science.
Specific incomes in the regions of Russia were discussed in the article. Regions were divided into clusters. All regions were divided into 4 classes. For each cluster, significant regression equations were constructed.
The influence of per capita food consumption in the regions was discussed in the article. In the constructed regression equation, the factors that have a positive impact on GRP per capita are: average per capita annual consumption of meat, milk, vegetable oil, potatoes and vegetables. Factors that have a negative impact on GRP are: consumption of eggs, sugar and bread.
A comparison of the state of education and gross regional product is discussed in the article. Based on the constructed regression equations, we can draw conclusions: with an increase in the number of students by 1 person out of 10 thousand people, the specific value of GRP per capita in the region will increase by 11.5 rubles; with an increase in investment in education by 1 ruble for each resident of the region, the specific value of GRP will increase by 16.3 rubles. If investments in education in “average income” regions increase by 1 ruble, then GRP per capita increases by 11.69 rubles.
Equations of demographic indicators depending on income and GRP are given in the article. The article provides clustering of regions by the share of the active population, the unemployed, the share of employees and average per capita income. The volumes of exports and imports in the regions have a slight impact on GRP, which can be observed from the coefficients of the constructed regression equation:
GRP = exp(5.064-0.00323 IND_P+0.0013 IND_CX+0.000001 E-0.000002 M-0.0112 INF +0.0244 UEA) (2)
with correlation coefficient R = 0.75,
where IND_P is the industrial production index; IND_CX – agricultural production index; E – specific export; M specific import; INF – inflation index; UEA is the level of economic activity of the population.
Regression equation (2) is significant at the 0.05 level, but the residuals of the equation (the difference between the values of the equation and the statistical data) do not correspond to the normal distribution law.
Literature
- Plotnitsky, M.I., Lobkovich E.I., Mutalimov M.G. and etc. Macroeconomics: Tutorial. M.: New knowledge, 2002. 462 p.
- Regions of Russia. Social economic indicators. 2013: Stat. Sat. // Rosstat. M., 2014. 990 p.
- Magnus F.R., Katyshev P.K., Peresetsky A.A. Econometrics: Textbook. M.: Delo, 2005. 504 p.
- Ignatiev V.M. Income and demographic indicators population in the regions // Economics. Control. Finance: Sat. articles. Kyiv: Economist. 2013. pp. 68-72.
- Ignatiev V.M. Consumption of food products by the population of the regions // Strategy for sustainable development of regions of Russia: collection of articles. articles. Novosibirsk, 2015. No. 25. P. 132–137.
- Ignatiev V.M., Eroshina E.A., Zemkova A.S. Comparison of the state of education and gross regional product / Development of scientific thought in modern world: current issues, prospects, innovations: collection. articles. Rostov-on-Don: Scientific Research Center “Summa-Rerum”, 2014. P.78-83.
- Istomina K.S.
- Ignatiev V.M., Bakanova S.A. Polarization of Russian regions by employment and income // Nauka i inowacja. Pezemysl: Science and studio. 2013. Vol. 3. P. 15-18.
- Ignatiev V.M., Borisova D.M. Forecasting employment of the region's population // Science, technology and education. 2015. No. 3(9).P. 40-43.
- Ignatiev V.M., Chebotareva A.Yu. Factors of innovation and its Ishikawa diagram // Science, technology and education. Ivanovo, 2014. No. 4. P.21–24.
- Istomina K.S. The influence of indicators on the birth rate in the regions // Bulletin of Science and Education. 2015. No. 2(4). pp. 60-64.
Introduction
1 Theoretical part
1.1 Basic concepts of “gross regional product”
1.2 GRP in the system of national accounts
1.3 Sources of data for calculating GRP
1.4 Methods for calculating GRP
1.5 Plans for the development of national accounts in the CIS
1.6 GRP data for the Omsk region
2 Practical part
2.1 Task No. 1
2.2 Task No. 2
2.3 Task No. 3
2.4 Problem No. 4
2.5 Problem No. 5
2.6 Problem No. 6
2.7 Problem No. 7
2.8 Problem No. 8
Conclusion
Bibliography
Introduction
Modern economic status subjects Russian Federation requires the use of a variety of tools for assessing economic development, financial balance, and competitive conditions in the domestic and world markets. On the other hand, such tools are necessary for pursuing an active federal policy aimed at eliminating interregional imbalances and strengthening the economic and political integrity of the country.
Strengthening the independence of regions and the development of fiscal federalism increase the importance of regional policy. In these conditions, the development of regional management decisions requires modern approaches to their information support And economic justification. From this point of view, the universal basis for comprehensive analysis generalizing characteristics market economy is the System of National Accounts (SNA). The logical continuation of the SNA for the regional level is the system of regional accounts (SRA). The central position in the SNA is occupied by the gross domestic product (GDP), and in the SNA its regional analogue is the gross regional product (GRP). It characterizes the level of economic development and the results of economic activity of all economic entities in the region.
Without GDP (GRP), it is impossible to construct the most important national (regional) accounts.
In Russia, the SNA began to be implemented at the federal level. However, regions also feel the need for a modern statistical generalization model. In our country, which unites 89 territorial-administrative entities with different time zones and geographical location, there are significant differences in the levels of economic and social development regions. Therefore the problem of calculation gross product for each region it is especially acute.
Not only territorial authorities, but also the state as a whole are interested in information that comprehensively characterizes the economy of all regions, allowing for the production of economic policy and performance assessment decisions taken at the regional level.
The most general quantitative indicator of regional economic development is the dynamics of the territory's gross product. Interregional comparisons on its basis, using, if necessary, additional cost and natural indicators, make it possible to determine the direction and intensity of economic processes leading to serious shifts in the interregional balance of forces.
The task of calculating regional macroeconomic indicators is of particular importance in connection with the increasing role of GRP in reforming interbudgetary relations and the use of this indicator in the distribution of funds from the Fund for Financial Support of Subjects of the Russian Federation.
IN last years The need of government bodies of the CIS countries (both at the federal and regional levels) for regional statistics and, in particular, regional national accounts has increased. This trend can be explained by the desire of government authorities to pay more attention to issues socio-economic development at the regional level. Regional policy became an integral part general programs socio-economic development of countries; it is formulated in official documents of governing bodies related to regional development.
In this course work the concept and essence of GRP, its economic importance, methods of calculation and development trends. Also presented are the GRP indicators of the city of Omsk and the Omsk region, the dynamics of changes in indicators for the period from 1998 to 2007 in basic current prices and GRP per capita. Solutions to the problems are included.
1 Theoretical part
1.1 Basic concepts of “gross regional product”
As part of the implementation " Comprehensive plan implementation activities all-Russian classifier types of economic activity (OKVED) into practice Russian economy", approved on December 26, 2001. The Ministry of Economic Development of Russia, the State Statistics Committee of Russia and the State Standard of Russia, as well as bringing the calculations of macroeconomic indicators to international standards, the results of assessing GRP using the production method and the method of formation by sources of income, starting with data for 2004, are published in the structure of the All-Russian Classifier of Types of Economic Activities (OKVED).
Gross regional product(GRP) is a general indicator of the economic activity of the region, characterizing the process of production of goods and services. The publication of data on GRP was previously carried out in market prices. The assessment of GRP at basic prices differs from the assessment at market prices by the amount of net (less subsidies on products) taxes on products. GRP in basic prices is the sum of added values in basic prices by type of economic activity.
Basic price– the price received by a producer per unit of a good or service, excluding product taxes but including product subsidies. Gross value added is calculated at the level of economic activities as the difference between the output of goods and services and intermediate consumption.
Release goods and services represents the total cost of goods and services resulting from the production activities of resident units of the regional economy in the reporting period. Sales of goods and services are included in the output according to actual market value, unrealized finished products- according to average market prices. Changes in work in progress are included in gross output at cost.
Intermediate consumption consists of the cost of goods and services that are transformed or completely consumed during the production process in the reporting period. Consumption of fixed capital is not included in intermediate consumption.
Final consumption expenses GRP consists of expenditures on final consumption of households, expenditures government agencies for individual goods and services and for collective services, final consumption expenditures of non-profit organizations serving households. This grouping shows who finances final consumption expenditures.
Gross fixed capital formation represents the investment by resident units of funds in fixed capital assets to create new income in the future by using them in production. Gross fixed capital formation includes the following components: a) acquisitions less disposals, new and existing fixed assets; b) costs for major improvements made tangible assets; c) costs of improving non-produced tangible assets; d) expenses in connection with the transfer of ownership of non-produced assets.
There are several options for calculating GRP.
Gross regional product at the production stage, calculated by the production method, represents the sum of gross value added created by all resident institutional units in the economic territory of the region (excluding net taxes on products).
Gross regional product calculated at the level of industries and sectors using the production method as the difference between the output of goods and services and intermediate consumption, formed from the cost of goods and services that are transformed or completely consumed in the production process. The term “gross” indicates that the indicator is determined before deducting consumption of fixed capital.
Gross regional product is calculated in current basic and market prices (nominal volume of gross regional product), as well as in comparable prices (real volume of gross regional product).
1.2 GRP in the system of national accounts
The calculation of the gross regional product (GRP) indicator is carried out by territorial state statistics bodies as part of the implementation of elements of the system of national accounts (SNA) at the regional level.
The system of national accounts is a detailed statistical model, including a system of interrelated macro-level indicators. SNA exists in the form international standard, recommended for implementation in various countries by the UN Statistical Commission, IMF, OECD and the Commission of the European Communities.
The SNA includes a set of statistical tables called accounts, each of which characterizes a certain stage of the economic cycle: production, education and income distribution, final consumption expenditures and savings. The central macroeconomic indicator around which the rest of the system is essentially built is the gross domestic product (GDP) indicator. SNA in in full currently cannot be implemented at the regional level due to a number of features inherent in the regional economy and information limitations faced by territorial state statistics bodies. Nevertheless, the State Statistics Committee of Russia is carrying out systematic work to introduce at the regional level calculations of a number of general indicators, methodologically based on the principles and definitions of the SNA. Chief among them is the GRP indicator.
There are various economic indicators that can safely be called relevant. But not all of them are known to ordinary people. And to the question “GRP - what is it?” not everyone can give a clear answer. Therefore, in order to understand such a difficult topic, this article will examine the essence and structure of this indicator.
Gross regional product
GRP can be defined as a general indicator that characterizes the economic activity of a particular region and the process of production of services and goods in particular.
Market prices are usually used to publish GRP data. But it is possible to form this indicator using basic prices. In this case, the main difference will be the amount of net taxes on products (subsidies on products subtracted). If we talk about the GRP of Russian regions in basic prices, it should be noted that this is the amount by type of economic activity.
The importance of gross regional product
In order to competently assess the economic state of the CIS, it is necessary to use certain indicators that will reflect the dynamics of key processes. And if we consider Russia’s GRP, then it can be argued that this indicator is extremely important, especially given the constantly growing independence of the regions.
The point is that as a basis for a comprehensive assessment of general-type characteristics in a market economy, one can define the SNA (system of national accounts) and SRS (system of regional accounts), which is a logical continuation of the first. At the same time, in the first system, the key position is occupied by and in the SNR, accordingly, the regional one. A simple conclusion follows from this, which helps answer the question “GRP - what is it?”: without this indicator, it is not possible to construct the SPR, and therefore, a full-fledged analysis economic condition region and the country as a whole is also impossible. This means that it is mandatory in the economic assessment process.
Key terms
First of all, it is worth deciding what the basic price is, which was discussed above. This term is used to characterize the value that a manufacturer assigns to a specific unit of a product, taking into account product subsidies, but excluding taxes.
The output of goods and services is understood as their total value, which is formed as a result of the production activities of residents. The inclusion of the produced and sold product in the output occurs at the actual market price. If we talk about unsold goods, they are included in the output at average market prices. This factor, like others given in this section, includes the GRP structure.
It is important to pay attention to such an indicator as intermediate consumption. In this case, we are talking about the price of services and goods that are completely consumed or transformed during the production process within a specific reporting period.
There are also costs associated with the final consumption of GRP. They are made up of such indicators as government expenditures on collective and individual services, as well as household expenditures on final consumption. This category includes expenses of non-profit organizations that provide services to households.
How is Russia's GRP calculated?
There are several ways to determine gross regional product.
This indicator can be calculated at the sector and industry level. To do this, the production method is used, which boils down to identifying the difference between the output of services and goods and intermediate consumption, which is formed from the cost of production. In this case, this calculation is made before the consumer fixed capital is deducted.
Understanding what GRP is and how to determine it, it makes sense to pay attention to the formation of this indicator at the production stage. In this case, we are talking about the amount of gross value added that was created through the activities of all resident institutional units located in the economic territory of the region. It is worth noting that in in this case are not taken into account net taxes for products.
Sources used for calculation
The volume of GRP in the CIS countries is calculated using the following sources of information:
Company reporting regarding the sale of services, products and production itself, as well as the costs of producing goods;
Specialized regional and special sample surveys;
Company registers.
If we touch on the topic of registers in more detail, we should note that they contain various information, including the location of enterprises. It is this information that is used to create a special report on the key performance indicators of companies in the region.
Production method of calculation
Before moving on to the method itself, it is worth noting that GRP per capita can be considered a macroeconomic indicator. It can be considered at several stages: production, generation of income and, of course, use of income.
At the production stage, GRP is used to characterize the added value that was created by residents in the process of producing goods and services within the current reporting period.
Taking into account the stage of income generation, it is worth noting that in this case, GRP per capita is calculated by summing up the primary income received by residents in the process of producing goods. This amount is distributed among the participants in the production process.
As for the calculation of GRP at the stage of using income, here we are talking about reflecting the amount of expenses of all sectors national economy on final accumulation and consumption, as well as on services and goods.
Calculus by distribution
GRP per capita local population(meaning regions) can also be calculated at the stage of income generation. In this case this indicator can be defined as the amount of primary income that is subject to distribution among residents directly involved in the production process.
This group includes the following income received in the production process:
Remuneration of hired personnel (both residents and non-residents). It is defined as remuneration in kind and cash and is paid to hired employees for their work. In this case, all amounts that are accrued to employees before they are taken into account are taken into account. wages income taxes and other deductions are excluded. Deductions of insurance contributions to social funds are also taken into account.
And mixed income that was received for the right to use borrowed non-financial and financial non-productive assets in the process of producing goods.
Net taxes on imports and production that are government revenue. The GRP structure also includes this element. In this case, in addition to subsidies and taxes on products, those types of taxation that concern production units as participants in the production process are taken into account.
End use method
This is another way of calculating gross regional product that needs to be considered in order to answer the question “GRP - what is it?” In this case, it is worth remembering the principle according to which GRP is the sum of residents’ expenses aimed at final consumption.
Final consumption refers to the use of services and goods to satisfy the individual needs of both the population and the collective needs of society.
Expenditures related to final consumption include institutional units related to several sectors of the economy and the various government and commercial organizations that serve their needs.
The conclusion is obvious: in order to get a complete picture of the state of the economy of a particular region and the country as a whole, such an indicator as GRP must be taken into account. At the same time, the task is facilitated by the presence of several methods for calculating this indicator, depending on the type of study.