In order to reduce the risk of fraud using payment cards when making non-cash payments, Kazakhstani banks are taking a number of measures, the most popular of which are:

1) card blocking after a limited number of incorrectly entered PIN codes;

2) establishing a limit on spending transactions on a card account;

3) connecting card holders to the SMS service - notifications about the movement of funds on the card account;

4) informing clients about the types and methods of fraud by posting information on websites, distributing booklets, etc.;

5) installation of video surveillance systems on ATMs.

In addition to the above methods, issuing banks monitor card transactions, and if suspicious transactions are detected, appropriate measures are taken.

Since a significant part of fraudulent transactions using cards of Kazakh issuers are carried out abroad, banks create a list of so-called “risky” countries for themselves (mainly in the Asia-Pacific region). When payment card holders visit these countries, banks conduct enhanced monitoring of debit transactions on card accounts, and also take additional security measures, up to the subsequent re-issuance of payment cards.

Halyk Bank of Kazakhstan JSC offers several tips and recommendations to the payment card holder for safe use and avoiding fraud:

When receiving cards from the Bank, be sure to put a sample of your personal signature on them in the appropriate place;

Keep the card details (card number, expiration date, special code CVV2 / CVC2 on the back of the card, if specified) and Personal an identification number(PIN code) secret from others;

Connect your card to the mobile banking service. This can be done at the time of receiving the card by submitting an application to the manager or later through any ATM of the People's Bank. Halyk Bank strongly recommends that all its Clients use the services of the Mobile Banking system. In this case, if there is any change in the balance on the card, you will be notified within a few seconds by SMS message from the bank. Moreover, when you receive an SMS message regarding a transaction that you did not perform, you can instantly block your card using your mobile phone;

Keep in touch with your account managers regarding the status of your account, regularly check account statements;

Notify the Bank of changes in your residential address, telephone number, place of work, etc. - this is extremely important for the Bank to immediately contact you when necessary;

Always have your card number and Bank phone numbers with you - this will significantly speed up the procedure for the Bank to identify you as a card holder;

Keep copies of slips and POS terminal receipts and other documents related to your card transactions (for example, hotel accounts) issued by a trading company or a bank branch with a signature for three months;

Destroy any documents that are no longer necessary, where the full number of your card is indicated;

Do not store your PIN code in a place where other people can see it;

When entering a PIN code, make sure that the entered numbers are not visible to unauthorized persons;

Do not give the card to another person, make sure that in trade and service establishments all transactions with the card are carried out in your presence (for example, in a restaurant, cafe, the waiter may take your card to the bar counter or even go to another room);

Do not provide your account information to anyone unless you are making a purchase using that account.

If clients of Halyk Bank JSC suspect that they have become a victim of fraud, they must report this to the Bank. Upon your first request, a Bank employee will block your card account. The next time you contact the Bank and fill out the necessary documents, you will be issued a new card.

As part of acquiring services, Halyk Bank of Kazakhstan JSC provides enterprises free of charge:

Installation and configuration of electronic POS terminals (and/or imprinters) in trade and service enterprises (PTS);

Conducts staff training in the skills of working with payment cards (with on-site visits);

Organizes the supply to the PTS of consumables and information materials necessary for organizing payments using payment cards;

Provides equipment maintenance;

Provides information and reference support;

Organizes the processing of sales receipts (slips);

Provides refunds for goods and services sold promptly and in full;

Monitors the operation of devices around the clock, and also monitors the activity of retail outlets in order to prevent losses from possible fraudulent transactions.

However, this is not even the main advantage. In addition to service maintenance, the installation of Narodny Bank POS terminals allows entrepreneurs to increase sales by 20-40 percent. There is an automatic increase in trade turnover - an increase in spontaneous purchases (since the client does not “physically” feel the money in his hands, he spends more than when paying in cash). At the same time, the costs of doing business are reduced due to savings on cash collection and storage of money. Also, by installing a POS terminal, an entrepreneur receives low rate for servicing Halyk Bank payment cards (more than 2.7 million clients), which will reduce the cost of paying for the Bank’s services.

It must also be said that there are a number of misconceptions that unreasonably discourage entrepreneurs from installing POS terminals. In particular, some businessmen say that no one approaches them with payment cards anyway. But that’s why they don’t apply because the organization doesn’t accept payment cards! There are no special stickers on the windows, the seller only has a calculator in front of them... Or, for example, other managers believe that non-cash payments the next day (after the client makes a purchase) are not very profitable. They say that finances can be needed at any moment, which is why you want to have them with you all the time. But in this case, the entrepreneur forgets that the increase in his turnover from servicing clients with payment cards will more than justify any delay!

In general, today almost any businessman can install a POS terminal of Halyk Bank JSC at his enterprise. The industries involved can be different: from medical institutions and airlines to small grocery stores. At the same time, the main advantage of payments through POS terminals for the client - and both bankers and clients agree on this - is the speed and convenience of payments. Also, do not forget about the level of security, which is much higher when using a payment card. On this moment Kazakh entrepreneurs cooperating with Halyk Bank have installed about 3,000 trading terminals that accept payment cards issued not only by Halyk Bank, but also by other banks that cooperate with international payment systems: Visa, MasterСard, Altyn, China UnionPay. At the same time, more than 2.7 million clients receive salaries, scholarships, pensions and other payments through Halyk Bank.

In order to increase interest in using a bank plastic card for non-cash payments, Halyk Bank JSC is gradually transferring utilities and other types of services to payment using cards. At ATMs and information kiosks of Halyk Bank JSC, you can already make payments using a plastic card: utility bills; communication services of Altel JSC (trademarks Dalacom and Pathword), Kar-Tel LLP (Beeline), MTS Kazakhstan LLP (NEO) and GSM-Kazakhstan LLP (K-cell and Activ), cable television; Internet providers in favor of 29 service providers.

In order to introduce new channels for bringing banking services to the population, since 2008 the bank has been developing the direction of providing individuals via the Internet with services such as control of account balances, receipt of account statements, payment of communication services and utility bills, operations on demand deposits, repayment of debt on loans issued by the bank.

Unlike most Kazakh banks, ATMs and information kiosks of Halyk Bank JSC are open to accept payments for cardholders of any bank in the country and the world. All types of non-cash payments are possible from the client’s mobile phone when using the Mobile Bank service, as well as using the Internet Bank service. Work continues to expand the list of service providers.

To expand the list of services provided to the population, the bank enters into agreements with enterprises that provide services, goods, and work to the population, to accept payments with further transfer to the enterprises’ accounts. . The growth in the number of users of the Mobile Bank and Internet Bank services will further increase the share of non-cash payments in the total volume of transactions carried out using plastic cards, will contribute to a reduction in cash turnover, and an increase in the profitability of transactions with bank cards, including account of payment of remuneration to the bank by service providers to the population.

Loan repayment through a “salary” card is carried out at any time of the day from the user’s current account through the network of ATMs and information kiosks of Halyk Bank JSC, from the client’s mobile phone when using the “Mobile Bank” service, or by depositing cash Money to the bank's cash desk.

Increasingly stringent requirements are being imposed on the safe and reliable operation of non-cash payment systems based on plastic cards. These issues are not only economic, but also social in nature. Based on the uninterrupted operation of ATMs, information kiosks and payment terminals, and the quality of services provided, the population today develops trust in electronic payment instruments and banking work generally.

In this regard, the Bank Processing Center and banks need to constantly keep up-to-date plans for ensuring continuous operation, improve information security issues, and work to improve the literacy of the population regarding the safe use of plastic cards.

To solve this problem, it is necessary to speed up the process of building fiber-optic communication lines.

All the problems noted above are associated with economic reasons - the low level of income of the vast majority of the population, high credit risks, and high costs for the purchase of technical equipment.

To solve the above problems of Halyk Bank JSC, I would like to express my wishes and make a number of proposals. We believe that it is necessary to increase the installation of ATMs in remote settlements of the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan and other devices for receiving wages and implementation of non-cash payments, for this it is necessary to attract new investors, as well as foreign ones, thereby increasing the number of ATMs and other devices, we also propose to increase the number in circulation credit cards which will increase the income level of Halyk Bank JSC and give the bank other advantages over its competitors.

Also, in our opinion, it is necessary to conduct more frequent PR of Halyk Bank JSC to attract potential clients of the enterprise for cooperation within the framework of the salary project.

In our opinion, it is necessary to reduce the tariff for servicing and replacing plastic cards, thereby increasing customers and turnover money supply bank, thus acting, a person subconsciously invests free funds in this particular bank.

We propose to develop a system of benefits for enterprises that pay salaries by transfer to card accounts. The same system should be created for stores and other PTS, serving clients plastic cards.

Summarizing the above, we can draw the following conclusion: that the new Banking services JSC "Narodny Bank" brings both prospects and great profit to the bank. If we treat this as a serious business, success in which depends on constant, daily work, in which constant progress is necessary - both in the quantitative increase in the number of cards issued, and in the qualitative integrated development of systems, in which a whole range of business tasks.

At present, we can say with confidence that in providing settlement services using cards, Halyk Bank of Kazakhstan JSC is able to provide worthy competition to other banks.

Thesis 78 pp., 3 sections, 6 tables, 7 figures, 31 sources, 5 appendices

commercial BANK, acquiring bank, TRANSACTION, ISSUER, ISSUE, POS-TERMINAL, ATM, DEBIT CARD, CREDIT CARD, VISA, “GOLDEN CROWN”

The object of the study is OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK.

The purpose of the thesis is a comprehensive study of the organization and practice of non-cash payments using plastic cards at OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK.

To achieve this goal, an analysis was carried out financial resources bank in the following areas: analysis of the composition, structure and dynamics of financial resources, and the efficiency of use of financial resources.

The relevance of this work is related to the development in Russia of this form of non-cash payments: payments by plastic cards.

In the process of work, methods of comparative analysis and methods of calculating relative values ​​according to the reporting data of the enterprise for three years were used.

As a result of the analysis, recommendations were proposed for improving operations with plastic cards at OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK.

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………...4

1 Theoretical foundations for organizing operations of commercial banks with plastic cards…………………………………………………………………………………...8

1.1 History of the emergence of plastic cards……………......................................8

1.2 Types of plastic cards…………………………………………….…….…16

1.3 The role of plastic cards in improving non-cash payments…………………………………………………………………………………..………29

2 Economic characteristics activities of OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK in the period from 2005-2007……..……………………………………………………………...…..42

2.1 General information about the bank……………………………………………………..............42

2.2 Structure of bank resources…………………………………….………51

2.3 Structure of the bank’s assets…………………………………………….…...54

2.4 Bank income and expenses…………………………………………...57

3 Main directions for improving operations with plastic cards at OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK……………………………..…60

3.1 Evaluation of bank operations with plastic cards………………………..60

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………...71

List of used literature……………………………………………………..76

Appendix A – Annual Report of OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK for 2005.

Appendix B - Annual Report of OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK for 2006.

Appendix B - Annual Report of OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK for 2007.

Appendix D – Plastic cards issued by JSC AKB

"URALSIB-YUG BANK"

Appendix E - Tariffs for services on the “Golden Crown” card

Introduction

In the context of the development of world economic relations, there is a process of integration of the economies of individual states and the development of payment systems, in particular, in the direction of the development of non-cash forms of payment, which, in turn, have found wide application in modern world. One of the tools for non-cash payments is a plastic card. In most economically developed countries, a plastic card is an integral attribute of trade and services. Conducting transactions using payment cards shows the degree of integration of the banking system and society. Suffice it to say that non-cash payment for goods and services in industrialized countries reaches 90% in the structure of all monetary transactions.

If we compare bank cards with deposit accounts as a mechanism for attracting funds from the population, then the cards are less effective, because the interest rate on the balance card account may be significantly lower than the interest rate on the deposit. But interest in cards still remains, since it is determined not so much by interest as by other factors: ease of use, automatic provision of a bank loan, the ability to defer debt repayment, regular receipt of complete information about transactions performed.

The introduction of a payment system based on bank cards also has advantages for the bank:

Overcoming spatial limitations in attracting and servicing clients;

Attracting new corporate and private clients;

Increase working capital;

Reduce overhead costs.

The benefits obtained from the use of bank cards by trade and service enterprises are obvious. This is a reduction in costs for collection, transportation and cashing of funds, the possibility of reducing prices when selling “currency” goods, simplification of settlements with the buyer (no change and counting of money by the buyer and cashier), as well as advertising of the enterprise.

As for industrial enterprises, entering the payment system allows them to significantly reduce their dependence on late payments from the state budget or the sluggishness of their business partners.

The state’s interest in introducing payments by bank cards is also obvious:

– the colossal costs of collecting funds and issuing banknotes and coins are reduced;

– simplifies the accounting of cash flows and collection of taxes.

The technology of payments without the participation of cash helps to reduce the crime situation around enterprises with cash; the introduction of such payments will help smooth out and to some extent reduce the rate of inflation.

The current situation in the plastic card market in our country, of course, differs from the situation in developed countries. Cashless payments are the norm for such countries. In Russia, people only trust cash.

This thesis is intended to summarize both the historical roots of plastic card payment systems and their financial basis and development prospects.

Having become familiar with the basic concepts of non-cash payments using plastic cards, having analyzed the available literature, and also based on factual material, the goal of the work is to analyze the improvement of the “card” project in one of the largest banks in the Krasnodar region - Open Joint Stock Company Joint Stock Commercial Bank “URALSIB-YUG BANK”.

During the work of OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK with card projects, various operating technologies were developed - theoretically, starting with cards with a magnetic stripe, and practically ending with CHIP technology. The use of plastic cards has also undergone significant changes - from simply replacing savings books with them to using them directly in payments. However, the card project received its most rapid development with the beginning of its centralization by Sberbank of Russia throughout the entire state.

The purpose of this work is a comprehensive study of the organization and practice of non-cash payments using plastic cards at OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK.

The object of the thesis is OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK.

In accordance with the goal, the main objectives of the thesis are:

Consider the main theoretical aspects and directions for improving the product range of bank cards

Conduct economic assessment activities of OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK, i.e. the state of its assets, liabilities and the structure of the bank’s resources as a whole;

Explore methodological foundations organization of non-cash payments;

Study the technological stages of the process of issuing plastic cards;

Give a brief economic assessment of the bank’s activities;

When writing the thesis, the following research methods were used: comparative, analytical, as well as systematic and A complex approach s. Methods of groupings, assessments, comparisons and analogies were used as tools. An analysis and synthesis of empirical data was also carried out.

The methodological basis of the study for this work was:

– translated foreign literature that forms the theoretical basis of the work;

– current Russian legislation;

– materials of the Russian press on the problem being studied;

– the practical basis of the work is the material provided by the banking technology department of OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK and economic service Prikubansky branch of OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK, as well as the personal developments of the author.

1 Theoretical basis for organizing operations of commercial banks with plastic cards

1.1 History of plastic cards

The history of money goes back centuries, to a time when humanity abandoned the direct exchange of goods for goods. All further evolution from exotic shells to rare substances, and then to precious metals was a search for the optimal measure of human labor, excluding the appearance of inflation. At the end of this path stood paper money, the issue of which was regulated first by the royal treasury, and subsequently state bank, i.e. an organization whose main function was to regulate the country's monetary economy. Theoretically, paper money has many disadvantages, but the main reason for the emergence of non-cash forms of payments was the fact that money, being easily withdrawn from circulation, loses its ability to generate income. But a bank check, guaranteeing the merchant’s purchasing power, left the bank with the opportunity to profitably use these funds until the seller’s account is paid. Therefore the market wholesale trade, and then payments between organizations were long ago transferred to non-cash forms of payment, making it possible to maximize the use of money.

IN late XIX- early 20th century The development of the banking system led to the birth of plastic cards.

In 1949, Alfred Bloomingdale, the grandson of the founder of one of the largest American department stores, flew to New York once again to visit his seriously ill father, and met his longtime friend Francis McNamara. Things weren't going well for both friends. Bloomingdale, after working as a producer of Broadway shows, unsuccessfully tried himself in the field of cinema in Hollywood. McNamara headed the financial company Hamilton Credit Corporation, which at that time was owed $35,000 by clients with little hope of ever repaying these debts. Apparently for this reason, McNamara had to spend a significant part of his time with his lawyer Ralph Snyder. Having met, the three decided to have lunch together at Major's Cabin Grill, located nearby. Empire State Building, in the very center of Manhattan.

On that historic day, dinner conversation turned to one of McNamara's clients in the Bronx. This entrepreneur allowed his neighbors to use his current bank account for interest. Store sellers, by calling him on the phone, received permission from him to write down the cost of purchases to his account. This method of lending could not be called completely new, but what was original about it was the presence of an intermediary who used his creditworthiness to provide credit to people who otherwise might not have received it.

However, the last fact seemed to friends to be a flaw in this unusual financial scheme. After all, people who do not have a credit line in a store should not be given credit; problems most often arise with them. On the other hand, the outer New York area with a small number of stores is not the best market for such operations. Perhaps it was precisely because they were sitting in a restaurant that Manhattan, with its huge number of restaurants where thousands of businessmen dine every day, seemed to them an ideal field for a new business. In the heat of enthusiasm, they called the restaurant owner and asked him how much he was willing to pay for new customers that he could not get in any other way. He, without blinking an eye, answered: “Seven percent.” - A rate that has dominated the credit card market for decades. Later, when the card business was already flourishing, they once asked the same owner where he got these famous “seven percent”. “A travel agent would demand ten percent,” was the answer.

To expand the circle of customers and identify them in restaurants, the partners decided to use embossed plates, which by that time were already used by many stores and gasoline companies. So, at the end of lunch, the decision was made to create a new enterprise.

McNamara and Snyder contributed the Hamilton Credit Corporation with its $35,000 in outstanding debts, and Bloomingdale contributed $5,000 in cash. That $5,000 was the only real money that started the venture. Although Bloomingdale was interested in the idea, he contributed money more out of friendship than in the hope of a profitable business.

After Bloomingdale's departure for California, McNamara and Snyder set to work with enthusiasm. Since their office was located in the Empire State Building, they simply slipped flyers under the doors of neighboring offices inviting them to use the new service. There were no fees for the first cards, and there was no credit history check. To receive a card, a visiting client only had to look decent and state that he worked in the same building. At the same time, 10-12 nearby restaurants were attracted to serve these clients. In the first month, the company received $140 in revenue from $2,000 in sales. During the second month, the business began to grow even faster, and there was an urgent need for additional capital for lending.

Bloomingdale, at the request of his partners, set the condition for increasing his share in the company's capital. After New Yorkers, confident of the venture's eventual success, did not relent, Bloomingdale's launched its own credit card operations in Los Angeles under a similar scheme, known as "Dine and Sign." He managed to attract 25 restaurants, after 3 months his monthly turnover was $150,000, and he too began to experience difficulties, since he himself had no significant sources of credit.

In New York by that time, the monthly volume of transactions was $250,000, and then the partners decided to unite based on the principle: “if we go bust, then we’ll all do it together.” So within three months, their enterprise gained a “national scale”, operating in New York, Los Angeles, and also in Boston, where they bought out the operations previously started by Bloomingdale’s former partner in Dine and Sign.

After they merged, the business became widely known as the Diners Club. 70% belonged to McNamara, the rest was divided equally between Bloomingdale's and Snyder. By this time, Bloomingdale had contributed another $25,000, which, together with the original $5,000 and a small amount spent on Dine and Sign, was the only real money ever invested in the venture.

Within a year, Diners Club had agreements with 285 commercial outlets and 35,000 cardholders, who were charged $3 per year for using the card. By the end of 1951, Diners Club had net income of $61,222 on sales of $6.2 million. In subsequent years, the system continued to expand both geographically into Europe and diversifying its commercial network. At first, commercial and service enterprises were not very fond of Diners Club cards, because, firstly, it undermined the position of their own branded cards, and secondly, because of the need to pay a commission to the company.

However, the main difficulties began when competitors began to enter the market. The most significant year for universal cards in this regard was undoubtedly 1958.

This year, the Carte Blanche system was created, which was originally a private card of the Hilton Hotel Corporation. In 1965, Carte Blanche was sold to Fest National City Bank (later CitiBank).

The idea of ​​using prepaid cards for payments was first proposed in 1880. American economist Edward Bellamy in his work “Looking Backwards” - In 1914, the General Petroleum Corporation of California issued the first cardboard card, whose use was limited to paying for petroleum products. The fragility of cardboard cards forced them to look for a replacement, and a decade later the first metal and then plastic cards with embossing began to appear. Embossing made it possible to partially automate the process of servicing these cards, since it was possible to make impressions from the cards and transfer information about the owner onto pre-printed checks (slips). And in the sixties, plastic cards began to have a magnetic strip on which information about the client was printed.

As early as 1914, large department stores in the United States began issuing credit cards to their customers. In 1928, the prototype of plastic cards was invented - a metal label on which the customer's name and address were embossed. In 1936, the first association of enterprises appeared that agreed to lend to common clients. The Diners Club restaurant credit card has been particularly successful. Restaurant patrons in good standing could receive a Diners Club card and present it in many New York City restaurants instead of cash. The restaurants submitted copies of the invoices to the Diners Club, which issued a total invoice to the customer each month. The client paid with the Diners Club, and the latter paid with the restaurants.

A number of large American banks, appreciating the success of the pioneers, issued their own credit cards, which could be used not only in restaurants, but also in other places. Thus, payment systems began to emerge: the bank issued a card and opened an account for the client; A whole network of shops, bars, restaurants, hotels, etc. was created in the country and abroad, where cards issued by the issuing bank were accepted for payment, and a center was equipped that was engaged in servicing (processing) plastic cards. The pioneers in developing the plastic money market were the now world-famous Bank of America; Master Card; American Express; Visa International.

The success of using non-paper means of payment can be explained by:

– they are more protected from counterfeiting, which allows them to be used in a wider range of payments and with a larger number of participants;

– clients see them as a more convenient form of payment and allow them to widely use credit in everyday practice;

– interest appears among retail outlets, which agree to accept, as means of payment, cards expand the circle of their clients;

– from the government’s point of view, the use of payment systems reduces the cost of service cash supply, accelerates the turnover of the money supply.

The main feature of payment systems built on plastic cards is to service retail trade turnover in the economy. Features are expressed in the technical features of payments and are revealed when considering the types of plastic cards and their evolution.

The first credit cards entered our country with foreign tourists and businessmen in the late 60s. Work with them was entrusted to a special department of the USSR State Committee for Tourism. Like almost any operation related to currency, work with cards was strictly regulated and was under the watchful eye of the state. Cards were not issued within the country - all work with them was limited to organizing payments with cards international systems, which were accepted in some currency shops and hotels.

Today, independent commercial banks in Russia, having complete freedom of action in relation to plastic cards, offer their clients plastic cards of both international and Russian standard. Due to the current circumstances, debit cards are mainly issued in Russia rather than credit cards. In order to receive such a card, the bank client needs to deposit the amount specified in the agreement into a special account. In the process of using the card, the corresponding amounts will be debited from this account. In addition, the client pays for receiving the card itself, for its servicing, as well as a certain commission when cashing out.

In general, the range of cards offered by banks is quite wide. The largest Russian banks They carry out their activities to provide cards in three directions:

Working with international payment systems as principal members or partners of the latter. Kredobank was the first to start working in this area, joining VISA in 1990. Now the number of banks planning to issue international cards is constrained by the high requirements from payment systems for the reliability and creditworthiness of prospective members. Today, international cards are most actively issued by Kredobank, Most-Bank and Inkombank;

Issue of plastic cards of Russian systems: STB, Union Card (founders and main members - Avtobank, Inkombank, Mosbusinessbank, Elexbank). These payment systems were created quite recently, but the pace of their development allows us to hope that in the near future cards with their mark will be found more and more often in retail outlets;

Providing to clients own cards with its logo and full service (Most Bank, JSCB Hermes Center, Elexbank, CB Optimum, etc.).

Many banks prefer to diversify their activities and combine the issuance of international cards with membership in Russian payment systems. Cards of international payment systems still have an undeniable advantage over Russian ones, since they are accepted all over the world. There is no doubt that in Russia such cards have stable consumers among organizations and citizens who often travel abroad.

Maps of Russian systems so far only work within the country, however, given short period of time their existence and pace of development, it can be assumed that reaching the global level is a matter of time. On the other hand, even the introduction of cards to the vast expanses of Russia, when their owner will be able to use one card to pay for a ticket, say, from Vladivostok to Moscow, and in the capital to pay for purchases with its help, will mean a high level of development of the card system. And the rapid activity of existing Russian payment systems allows us to hope that this level is quite achievable.

Back in the early 90s. there was no need to talk about the Russian bank card market. The circle of resident cardholders was very narrow, the number of service points amounted to a few dozen, they were concentrated in the capital and several major cities visited by foreign tourists. The vast majority of cards were from foreign issuers. Russian payment systems were at best in the design stage.

The development of the Russian payment card market is one of the most important factors when solving problems of reducing cash payments and developing non-cash payments in the field of retail payments.

The development of the card industry ensures increased transparency of financial transactions, an increase in tax revenues, significantly reduces the costs associated with servicing cash turnover, leads to an increase in the volume of funds raised in the banking sector and, accordingly, the credit capabilities of banks, and also largely contributes to the active development of related spheres of activity, such as production, social and employment.

Now the situation has changed radically. There are dozens of local, regional and interregional payment systems operating on the territory of Russia, not to mention the leading international ones. The number of cardholders of Russian payment systems totals many hundreds of thousands. Tens of thousands of reception points throughout the country work with bank cards national and international payment systems.

During the development of plastic cards, their different types, differing in purpose, functional and technical characteristics.

1.2 Types of plastic cards.

Plastic cards (PC) simultaneously perform the functions of a deposit, settlement, cash and credit instrument. Non-cash PC payments occupy a significant place in the payment system of many industrialized countries. IN last years various types of PCs began to be used in Russia.

There are national and international standards for magnetic cards. First of all, the card must comply with the specifications of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which establish the dimensions of the card and how it should behave under mechanical, physical, chemical and other influences. Specification 7811 prescribes certain card sizes (mm): length - 85.6; width - 53.9; thickness - 0.76.

On the front side of the card the following is indicated: the name of the holder (Cardholder); his bank account number; code of his bank branch; Name of the bank; symbols electronic system payments where cards are used; hologram - a trademark of the payment system (the purpose of applying a hologram is to make the appearance of the card more attractive and protect it from counterfeiting; the hologram was first used in the MasterCard system in 1985); period of use of the card (from six months to two years). On the back of the card there is a magnetic stripe and a control field for the cardholder's signature, made of special paper.

From the above it is clear that the main function of a plastic card is to ensure the identification of the person using it as a subject of the payment system.

There are many signs by which plastic cards can be classified:

1. According to the material from which they are made:

Paper (cardboard);

Plastic;

Metal.

Nowadays, plastic cards have become almost ubiquitous. However, to identify the cardholder, paper (cardboard) cards sealed in transparent film are often used. These are laminated cards. Lamination is a fairly cheap and easily accessible procedure, and therefore, if a card is used for payments, then in order to increase security against counterfeiting, more advanced and complex technology for making cards from plastic is used. At the same time, unlike metal, plastic can easily be heat treated and pressed (embossed), which is very important for personalizing the card before issuing it to the client.

2. By general purpose:

Identification;

Informational;

For financial transactions.

This division is not mutually exclusive. For example, big company can issue each of its employees a card that:

It is a pass allowing access to certain areas of the enterprise - an identification function;

On the same card, any important information about the cardholder - information function;

In addition, such a card can also be used for payments in canteens and stores of a given company - a settlement function.

A system using multifunctional cards actually exists abroad, and it is obvious that combining many functions in one plastic card is promising, since such a multifunctional card is convenient for the issuer and for the holder.

3. Based on the settlement mechanism:

Bilateral systems - arose on the basis of bilateral agreements between payment participants, in which cardholders can use them to purchase goods in closed networks controlled by the card issuer (department stores, gas stations, etc.);

Multilateral systems - provide cardholders with the opportunity to purchase goods on credit from various merchants and service organizations that recognize these cards as a means of payment. Multilateral systems are led by national bank card associations, as well as travel and entertainment card companies (for example, American Express).

4. By type of calculations performed:

Credit cards that are associated with opening a line of credit at a bank, which allows the owner to use credit when purchasing goods and when obtaining cash loans. A special card account is opened for the owner of a credit card and a credit limit is set on the loan account for the entire validity period of the card and a one-time limit on the amount of one purchase; within the one-time limit, payment for a purchase can be made without authorization;

Debit cards are intended for receiving cash from ATMs or for paying for goods via electronic terminals. The money is debited from the cardholder's bank account. Debit cards do not allow you to pay for purchases if there is no money in your account.

Some authors place payment cards in a special category as a type of credit card. The difference is that total amount The debt when using a payment card must be repaid in full within a certain time after receiving the statement without the right to extend the loan.

Regular cards;

Silver cards;

Gold cards;

Regular cards are intended for the average client. This Visa Classic, Eurocard/MasterCard Mass (Standard).

Silver card(Silver, Business) is called a business card and is intended for individuals, for employees of companies authorized to spend their company’s funds within certain limits.

Gold card(Gold) is intended for the most affluent wealthy clients.

The VISA and Europay systems have cards that can only be used at ATMs to receive cash and in electronic terminals: Visa Electron, Cirrus/Maestro. They are valid within the limits of the account balance; as a rule, the card holder is not provided with credit, and therefore they can be issued to any client, regardless of his level of wealth or credit history.

6. By nature of use:

Individual card , issued to individual bank clients, can be “standard” or “gold”;

Family card, issued to family members of the person who entered into the contract who is responsible for the account;

A corporate card is issued to a legal entity; on the basis of this card, individual cards can be issued to selected individuals (managers, chief accountant or valuable employees). They open personal accounts “linked” to a corporate card account. Responsibility to the bank for corporate account has an organization, not individual owners of corporate cards.

7. By affiliation with the issuing institution:

Bank cards issued by a bank or a consortium of banks;

Commercial cards issued by non-financial institutions: commercial firms or a group of commercial firms;

Cards issued by organizations whose activities directly involve the issuance of plastic cards and the creation of infrastructure to service them.

8. By area of ​​use:

Universal cards - used to pay for any goods and services;

Private commercial cards - used to pay for a specific service (for example, cards of hotel chains, gas stations, supermarkets).

9. By territorial affiliation:

International, valid in most countries;

National, operating within a state;

Local, used in part of the territory of the state;

Cards valid at one specific institution.

10. By time of use:

Limited to any time period (sometimes with the right of extension);

Unlimited (perpetual).

11. According to the method of recording information on the card:

Graphic recording;

Embossing;

Barcoding;

Magnetic stripe coding;

Laser recording (optical cards).

The earliest and simplest form of recording information on a map was and remains a graphic image. It is still used in all cards, including the most technologically sophisticated ones. At first, only the surname, name of the card holder and information about its issuer were printed on the card. Later, a sample signature was provided on universal bank cards, and the last name and first name began to be applied by embossing (mechanically extruded).

Embossing - application of data on the card in the form of relief characters. This made it possible to process a card payment transaction much faster by imprinting a slip on it. Information embossed on the card is instantly transferred to the slip. The method of transferring information embossed on the card is mechanical pressure. Embossing has not completely replaced the graphic image.

Barcoding - recording information on a card using barcoding was used before the invention of the magnetic stripe and was not widespread in payment systems. Cards with barcodes similar to those found on products are quite popular in special card programs where payments are not required. This is due to the relatively low cost of such cards and reading equipment. At the same time, for better protection, barcodes are covered with a layer that is opaque to the naked eye and read in infrared light.

Magnetic cards have the same appearance as ordinary plastic cards, only on the back of the card there is a magnetic stripe, and a photograph of the holder and a sample of his signature are also possible. The recording and reading methods are similar to those used in a household tape recorder. The magnetic stripe can store about 100 bytes of information, which is read by a special reader. The information printed on the magnetic strip is of an identification nature, and there are no cost indicators. The front side of the card indicates:

Holder name;

His bank card number;

The code of his bank branch;

Name of the bank;

Symbols of an electronic payment system that uses cards of this type;

The hologram is the trademark of the payment system. The purpose of applying a hologram is to make the appearance of the card more attractive and protect against counterfeiting; The hologram was first used in Mastercard system in 1985;

Duration of use of the card (from six months to two years).

There are many national and international standards for magnetic cards. The most widely used standard is the three-track magnetic stripe.

In accordance with standard 1807813, the following data is recorded on the first track: card number, holder name, card expiration date, service code (maximum recording length - 89 characters); on the second track - card number, expiration date, service code (up to 40 characters). A service code is a two-digit code that determines the types of operations allowed for a given card, for example: 03 - only operations performed by an ATM; 20 - transactions require authorization from the issuer.

The third track is where the PIN code is most often written. In addition to the values ​​​​defined in the standard, some other codes can be recorded on the magnetic stripe, for example, PVV (PIN Verification Value) or CVC (Card Verification Code) - codes that allow you to check the PIN (secret number assigned to the card and issued to the holder along with the card) autonomously by the device performing the operation.

Magnetic recording is one of the most common methods of applying information to plastic cards. Today, such transnational companies as VISA, MasterCard, Europay, American Express, Diners Club work with magnetic cards.

Poor performance characteristics (information on magnetic media can be easily destroyed);

There is no way to reliably update information, which does not allow storing information about the client’s account status on the card;

The need to service the card online, which increases the operating costs of such a system. This means that for each transaction it is necessary to contact an authorization center via modem to confirm authenticity over a dedicated telephone line, which is expensive and not reliable enough, especially in Russian conditions;

Weak protection against fraud (these cards are easy to steal and counterfeit, either by producing counterfeits or by copying information from them).

A number of reasons are holding back the spread of magnetic stripe cards on the Russian market:

The low level and irregularity of income of the population, combined with high rates of inflation, makes it impossible for the mass client to maintain decent minimum balances or insurance deposits in their accounts;

The traditional low quality of telecommunications networks does not allow the construction of classic Western schemes for online access to customer accounts.

It is clear that the magnetic stripe no longer provides the necessary level of information protection from fraud and forgery. And experts began to look for a more reliable way to record information. It turned out to be a chip (from the English chip - a crystal with an integrated circuit) or a microcircuit. Cards with a chip are also very often called smart cards. The name “smart card” (smart - intelligent, or intelligent) is associated with the latter’s ability to perform very complex information processing operations. The main advantages of this type of card are increased reliability and security and versatility. A significant disadvantage is its high cost. The cost of such cards is determined by the cost of the chip, which directly depends on the size of the available memory and ranges from $0.6 to $9.5 for a circulation of one million cards.

Smart cards have different capacities, the memory capacity of a regular card is approximately 256 bytes, but there are cards with memory capacities ranging from 32 bytes to 8 KB. Microcircuits allow you to store in the memory of such a card, in addition to identification information, cost indicators.

Let's consider the typology of smart cards. Depending on the internal structure and the functions they perform, experts divide smart cards into two types:

Memory cards;

Microprocessor cards.

Memory cards. This name is very arbitrary, since all smart cards have memory. Typically, cards of this type are used to store information. There are two subtypes of such cards: with unprotected and with protected memory.

Cards with unprotected memory have no restrictions on reading or writing data. They are sometimes called full memory cards. You can arbitrarily structure the card at the logical level, treating its memory as a set of bytes that can be copied into RAM or updated with special commands.

It is extremely dangerous to use cards with an unprotected memory as payment cards. It is enough to legally purchase such a card, copy its memory to a disk, and then after each purchase restore its memory by copying the initial state of the data from the disk, i.e. Encrypting data in the card memory does not protect against this kind of fraud. Practice shows that in Russia there are enough people capable of such an occupation.

Secure memory cards use a special mechanism to allow read/write or erase information. To carry out these operations, you must present a special secret code to the card (and sometimes more than one). Presenting the code means establishing a connection with her and transferring the code “inside” the card. The code itself will compare the code with the read/write (erase) data protection key and “report” this to the smart card reader/writer. It is not possible to read the security keys stored in the card's memory or copy the card's memory. At the same time, knowing the secret code(s), you can read or write data organized in the most logical manner for the payment system. Thus, secure memory cards are suitable for universal payment applications, are well protected, and are also inexpensive. Thus, the price of the CPM896 card is no more than $4 for circulations above 5 thousand copies.

Typically, secure memory cards contain an area in which identification data is recorded. This data cannot be changed subsequently, which is very important to ensure that the card cannot be forged. For this purpose, the identification data on the card is “burned.”

It is also necessary that the payment card have at least two protected areas. It has already been noted that the technology of non-cash payments using cards usually involves three legally independent entities: the client, the bank and the store. The bank deposits money onto the card (credits it), the store withdraws money from the card (debits it), and all these transactions must be carried out with the approval of the client. Thus, access to data on the card and operations on it must be differentiated. This is achieved by dividing the card's memory into two areas protected by different keys - debit and credit. Each participant in the operation has his own secret key.

To protect data areas from unauthorized access, fields are provided that control access to this data. There are three types of keys:

I-Keu - the key of the bank,

R-Key - cardholder key - PIN code,

A-Keys - keys trade organizations or other applications.

The use of these keys allows access to read information from the corresponding area or write information. As a rule, activating one key allows you to only read information, while activating all keys at once allows you to write it.

Correct presentation of the PIN code allows access to the card (by reading the data), but should not change the information held by the card creditor (bank) or its debtor (store). Only the bank has the key to record information in the credit area of ​​the card; the key for recording information in the debit area is at the store. Only upon presentation of two keys at once (the client’s PIN code and the bank’s key when lending, the client’s PIN code and the store key when debiting) can you carry out the corresponding financial transaction - deposit money or write off the purchase amount from the card.

If cards with the same protected memory area are used as payment cards, this means that the bank and the store will work with the same area, using the same protection keys. If the bank, as the issuer of the card, can debit it (for example, at ATMs), then the store does not have the right to credit the card. However, he is given this opportunity - since, due to the need to debit the card when making purchases, he knows the key to erase the protected zone. The fact that both the creditor of the card and its debtor (usually different persons) use the same key violates several basic principles of information security (in particular, the principles of separation of powers and minimal powers). This will sooner or later lead to fraud. Cryptographic methods of protecting information do not help the situation either.

Of the known cards with protected memory, only the already mentioned card CPM896 has two protected memory areas and meets the requirements for restricting access to information, both from the bank and from the store.

Fundamentally different possibilities are opened up by real microprocessor cards, since they have their own internal logic and, in fact, are a microcomputer.

A specialized operating system is built into the card, providing a wide range of service operations and security features.

operating system cards supports a file system that provides for access control to information. For information stored in any record (file, group of files, directory), the following access modes can be set:

Always read/write. This mode allows reading/writing information without knowing special secret codes;

Readable, but requires special permissions to write. This mode allows free reading of information, but allows writing only after presenting a special secret code;

Special Read/Write Permissions . This mode allows read or write access upon presentation of a special secret code, and the codes for reading and writing may be different;

As a rule, such cards have built-in cryptographic tools that provide encryption of information and the generation of a “digital” signature. Traditionally, cards use a cryptographic algorithm for these purposes. In addition, the card contains tools for maintaining the key system.

The cards provide a different range of service commands. For banking purposes, the most interesting of them are means of conducting electronic payments. Special features include the ability to block work with the card. There are two types of blocking: upon presentation of an incorrect transport code and upon unauthorized access.

The essence of transport blocking is that access to the card is impossible without presenting a special transport code. This mechanism is necessary to protect against the illegal use of cards due to theft during the transfer of the card from the manufacturer to the consumer. The card can only be activated upon presentation of the correct “transport” code.

The essence of blocking in case of unauthorized access is that if, when accessing information, the access code was incorrectly presented several times, then the card ceases to be operational at all. At the same time, depending on the set mode, the card can subsequently either be activated upon presentation of a special code, or not. In the latter case, the card becomes unsuitable for further use.

Plastic cards with microchips have a higher degree of protection against fraud and counterfeiting.

Despite the obvious advantages, smart cards have so far had limited use, for the reason that such a card is an order of magnitude more expensive than a card with a magnetic stripe. Only in recent years, when the damage from magnetic card fraud in international payment systems became alarmingly high and continues to grow, did banks decide to gradually switch to smart cards.

Super smart cards. An example is the Toshiba multi-purpose card used in the VISA system. In addition to all the features of a regular microprocessor card, this card also has a small display and a keypad for data entry. This card combines credit, debit and prepaid cards, and also functions as a clock, calendar, calculator, currency conversion, can serve as a notebook, etc. Due to their high cost, supersmart cards are not widely used today, but their use is likely to grow.

In 1981, J. Drexler invented the optical card. Optical memory cards have a larger capacity than memory cards, but data can only be written to them once. Such cards use WORM technology (write once - read many times). Recording and reading information from such a card is carried out by special equipment using a laser (hence the other name - laser card). The technology used in the cards is similar to that used in laser discs. The main advantage of such cards is the ability to store large amounts of information. Such cards have not yet become widespread in banking technologies due to the high cost of both the cards themselves and the reading equipment.

1.3 The role of plastic cards in improving non-cash payments

The history of the development of economic systems represents an endless chain of attempts to simplify, facilitate and speed up payments and settlements between participants in economic turnover.

In addition to cash circulation, with the emergence and development of banks, a system of non-cash payments began to take shape. Banks accepted deposits and opened accounts for firms and individuals. This made it possible to make payments not only by transferring cash, but also by transferring deposit balances from one account to another.

Payment, that is, the final settlement of debt obligations between economic agents, is made through a monetary transfer - the transfer of money by the payer to the recipient.

Cashless payments in the form accounting records accounts require the mandatory participation of financial intermediaries - banks and other types of credit institutions that specialize in making payments. Financial intermediaries act on the basis of instructions received from the owner of the deposit account, and in accordance with these instructions, the corresponding accounting transactions.

How these operations take place can be seen in the figure below.

Figure 1 - Relationships between participants in the payment system

Special class payment instruments are payment cards, which can have the qualities of both debit cards and credit cards.

Among the payment instruments used in the retail payments market, one of the leading positions is occupied by payment cards, which are an electronic alternative to cash, checks, and credit cards in retail establishments.

Currently, more than 60% of banks issue and (or)

acquiring payment cards (709 credit institutions out of 1136), the number of bank cards issued by them (data as of 01/01/2008) amounted to 103.5 million, which is 38% more than last year.

Figure 2 – Ratio of volumes of transactions carried out using various payment instruments (2007)

Largely due to the versatility of the payment card, which adequately meets the needs retail business, it is possible to solve various problems not only in the field of retail services, but also in the social and budgetary spheres. Using the card you can make non-cash payments for goods or services, store or transport funds, as well as receive cash from banks in Russia and anywhere in the world. Therefore, credit institutions developing their retail banking services give preference (not only in Russia, but also abroad) to the card direction.

Bank plastic cards undoubtedly have many advantages, firstly, banking payment card ensures the safety of savings - if the card is stolen or lost, the money in the account remains safe if you block your account by calling a special service; secondly, it is possible to receive additional income in the form of interest accrued on the balance of the card account, so the money will not only not be lost, but will also increase; thirdly, when traveling abroad, you don’t have to worry about moving currency across the border, you only need a card, the money remains in your bank account; there is no need to declare a card account; no matter what country you are in, you always have access to the account and the currency of the country in which you are located, payments made abroad will be converted into the required currency at a favorable rate. Also, if there is not enough money and you are abroad abroad, your friends or relatives can transfer cash by bank transfer or credit cash to your card account, no matter in which city Russian Federation or outside of it you are, while paying only 1% for bank services, regardless of the amount. The card is convenient, comfortable, reliable and safe.

The development of plastic circulation is one of the most revolutionary and rapidly developing areas in the banking business.

Figure 3 – Quantitative assessment of issued cards

Taking into account the significant growth rate of card issuance (about 140% annually), we can predict that in 1-2 years there will be one card for each resident.

Among cardholders, the vast majority are payment card holders. Their share in the total number of cards issued is 90.9%. At the same time, the number of cards received by holders on their own initiative still insignificantly, the vast majority of cards are cards issued by credit institutions as part of “salary” projects. Number of credit cards issued, including as part of programs implemented by credit institutions consumer lending, increased by 58% compared to last year and as of January 1, 2008 amounted to more than 8.6% of the total number of bank cards. The age category of credit card holders is the population aged 25 to 44 years. The issuance of prepaid cards is only 0.4%. The segment of their use is limited to payment mobile communications, as well as goods and services purchased via the Internet.

The rapid spread of bank credit cards, their transformation into a mass payment instrument, and the steady increase in their popularity among wide groups of the population serves as evidence that this form of payment is beneficial to the main categories of participants in the system. Card transactions are a profitable business for banks. They charge fees and interest to cardholders and merchants. Thus, the acquiring bank receives a discount from merchants for paying trading bills, and also has the opportunity to use funds stored by merchants in a bank account for its operations.

Users are attracted to the card payment system by the ease of transaction due to the presence of a wide network trading enterprises, accepting cards when purchasing goods, automatic receipt of a loan, clarity of registration and the ability to verify transactions. For trading organizations, card payments provide advantages, such as expanding sales and attracting new customers, the ability to provide credit without using your own funds and maintaining special accounting systems, as well as reducing risk by replacing bank checks with cards.

Card system technologies are becoming more advanced; an example is microprocessor cards, which are called cards of the future. These are card insurance policies, store and transport systems that simultaneously require the storage of significant amounts of information and prompt access to it.

Also, the increase in the number of non-cash payments made using payment cards is influenced by:

A dynamically developing infrastructure for accepting payment cards for payment (as of January 1, 2008, the number of devices (electronic terminals, imprinters and ATMs) used to pay for goods (works and services) amounted to 314.7 thousand units, compared with last year increased by 30%);

Innovations in the field of payment technologies related to the expansion of the range of banking services through the use of cards (payment for services via ATMs, card-to-card transfers, social projects).

Figure 4 – Dynamics of infrastructure intended for carrying out transactions using payment cards

Despite the positive dynamics of quantitative indicators characterizing the development of the payment card market (the number of participating banks and cards issued by them, the growth of infrastructure development indicators, etc.), the ratio of the volume of non-cash payments and cash withdrawal transactions practically does not change and for many years has been approximately 10% for non-cash payments and 90% for cash withdrawals. In this regard, the following figures are interesting: of the total number of credit institutions providing card services, about 30% issue only cash (they do not trade acquiring), and 7% of credit institutions issue cash only to their clients. At the same time, it should be noted that the trend towards an increase in the number of cash withdrawal operations using ATMs is typical not only for the Russian Federation, but also for the countries of Central and of Eastern Europe(CEE), as well as Western European countries. Thus, in CEE countries, the number of cash withdrawal transactions increased by 24% in 2006, and in Western Europe, more than 12 billion cash withdrawal transactions were made through ATMs during 2006, which is 2% more than similar transactions made during 2005 of the year .

Modern technology allows you to significantly speed up cash flow. Microprocessor technology opens up many opportunities for attracting public funds. Plastic cards (PC) are a convenient form of payment for goods and services provided by trade and service enterprises, as well as receiving cash at bank tellers and ATMs.

Currently, there are many operating PCs that can be classified according to a number of criteria. Many banks issue plastic cards, offering customers new services.

A card is only an instrument of the payment system, and the essence of the card business is to organize a well-functioning system of non-cash payments based on the purposes of the issue.

Figure 5 – Share of the number of cash and non-cash transactions made using plastic cards in the Russian Federation.

The growth in the number of non-cash payments using cards is largely due to the increase in the number of transactions to pay for housing and utilities, mobile communication services, Internet providers, cable television, etc., made through ATMs and mobile phones.

At the same time, the share of payments made using cards on the Internet is insignificant (1.3%), which is explained, first of all, by the high cost of Internet payments, as well as the lack of trust of cardholders in these payments due to the high level of fraudulent operations on the Internet related to the unlawful receipt and use of personal information about their holders.

The share of non-cash transactions with cards in the total volume of retail trade turnover, public catering and paid services to the population increased 1.2 times compared to last year and amounted to 2.7%, which also indicates positive trends in the use of cards as a tool for non-cash payments.

The purposes of issuing a bank card may be different:

Organization of faster and more convenient payments for clients;

Reducing the amount of cash used in settlements and, consequently, reducing the cost of operations;

Attracting new and “retaining” existing customers;

Development of a new, more progressive “paperless” technology;

Relieving the bank or company office from the influx of clients;

Currently, more than 80% of the Russian payment card market (in terms of the number and volume of transactions, client base, etc.) is occupied by cards of international payment systems, such as Visa Int., MasterCard Int., the rest of the market is Russian payment systems, including “ RPS Sbercard", " gold Crown", STB Card, Union Card, Accord and NCC.

Figure 6 – The ratio of the volume of transactions performed using international plastic cards in the Russian Federation in 2007.

The focus of the Russian payment card market on issuing and servicing cards of international payment systems is due to the following reasons:

Firstly, a more developed infrastructure for accepting payment cards of international payment systems both in Russia and abroad. In Russia, cards of payment systems VISA Int. and MasterCard Int. Almost all ATMs are accepted for service (the share in the total number is about 90%), cash dispensing points (almost 90%) and devices (electronic terminals, imprinters and ATMs) used to pay for goods (works and services) (almost 90% ).

Secondly, the development of domestic payment systems is hampered by the lack of compatible software and hardware; differences in transaction processing technology; lack of guarantees that participating banks will accept cards issued within the same system. Today in Russia there are more than 40 single-issue payment systems, the functioning of which is based on various technological platforms. The lack of an inter-host interface between the processing centers of these systems leads not only to the localization of offers in the field of retail services within the region (district, city), but also to an increase in the cost of the infrastructure intended for accepting bank cards. Competition and technological features of the functioning of these systems hinder their integration in the near future, which, in general, is a limiting factor in the development of non-cash payments in the field of retail payments.

At the same time, despite the focus of credit institutions on issuing cards of international payment systems, almost all transactions using them are carried out on the territory of the Russian Federation. In this regard, in order to harmonize the national market of retail payment services and develop basic prerequisites for the development of a financial instrument that satisfies the interests of both service providers (banks) and consumers (payment card holders, trade enterprises, services), the urgent issue is the creation of a national system payment cards (NSCP). The economic and political prerequisites for the construction of the NSPK are the need for a comprehensive solution to the problems of effective positioning of the Russian banking sector on international markets, ensuring state interests, accessibility and security of retail payment services, reducing their costs, increasing the level of security of personal data of payment card holders, as well as reducing cash payments.

Today, 87 Russian banks are members of the domestic and international payment system, which issue and acquire payment cards. At the same time, about 30 banks issue MPS cards.

OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK is the leader in the domestic payment card market. Currently, the bank has issued more than 4.7 million plastic cards. The bank's plastic card service network includes 1,315 ATMs, 13,675 POS terminals and more than 3,450 cash withdrawal points. The presence of a wide network of servicing card products allows OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK to actively introduce services for the automated issuance of wages to corporate clients using plastic cards.

Today, the advantage is provided as convenient as possible for customers using banking products. One such product is the instant issue card. Thanks to its simplicity, minimal investment of time (10 - 15 minutes) and money, instant cards become more attractive to customers. In 2002, JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK was one of the first to offer a unique technology for instant issuance of plastic cards - the Golden Crown card, which aroused interest from customers. But one of the current and important tasks is the fight against card fraud, the losses from which, according to the Association of Certifield Fraund, increase annually by an average of 20% worldwide. One of the areas in the fight against fraud is the transition from issuing cards with a magnetic stripe to chip cards (member banks of the IPS VISA and MasterCard plan to make the transition to chip cards by 2010). Migration of non-cash payments to EMV technologies, i.e. The transition to chip (microprocessor) cards makes it possible to increase the security of transactions and introduce loyalty programs for various customer segments. Chip cards can also be conveniently used in the form of an electronic wallet and implemented in joint products in unusual areas: the use of plastic cards to pay for payphones and car parking. OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK was among the first in Russia to initiate the introduction of microprocessor technologies and is beginning to issue chip cards.

Internet technologies continue to actively develop. In 2003, OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK proposed a unique project for the Russian and world market, within the framework of which the owners of international VISA cards and MasterCard issued by OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK can easily connect to the Internet banking system through a widespread branch network.

Such systems allow a bank client to connect via telecommunication lines (telephone or Internet) to a bank computer and manage current account, deposits, client settlements with the budget, payment and savings accounts. In this case, any Bank operations can be carried out at any time of the day or night.

A promising direction is also a new technology launched in pilot mode by the VISA payment system together with OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK. Owners of payment cards now have new opportunity transfer funds directly from card to card, both in non-cash form and in cash. The interest for clients is that the transfer can be carried out:

Cash;

To any country in the world;

In any currency;

At the minimum tariffs, the terminal is no more than three days.

Nowadays, the plastic card market is developing mainly due to salary projects. But more and more banks are announcing the start of consumer lending through plastic cards. At the same time, plastic cards are becoming a qualitatively new product, which, thanks to salary projects, can quickly become widespread among the population. Therefore, a breakthrough direction in the development of the plastic card market may be the development of credit cards by banks.

The portion of credit cards on the market in our country today is insignificant, while in developed countries credit cards make up a fairly significant part of the card business. They are actually one of the options for consumer lending. Obviously, such cards will be in high demand in our country.

It should also be pointed out that the trend toward an increase in the number of issued plastic cards in Russia suggests that at the end of 2007 their number amounted to 10–12 million, mainly due to the implementation of salary projects. Therefore, banks should pay great attention to:

Development of card service infrastructure (ATM and POS terminal network, processing center);

Extension functionality cards, ATMs and POS terminals;

Reduced rates, which make it possible to increase the attractiveness of the acquiring network for trading enterprises and, accordingly, increase non-cash turnover.

Increasing the level of the methodological base, software and technical equipment, in accordance with the goals and objectives of the main areas of activity.

2 Economic characteristics of the activities of OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK in the period from 2005 to 2007.

2.1 Organizational and economic characteristics of OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK

Open joint stock company joint stock commercial Bank"URALSIB-YUG BANK" is joint stock bank, and has been operating in the Russian Federation since 1990, created in October on the basis of the former state bank Zhilsotsbank of the USSR. OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK carries out all types of banking operations on the basis of the General License of the Central Bank of Russia. The Bank's activities are regulated by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the “Central Bank of the Russian Federation”) in accordance with the General License for Banking Operations No. 457 dated October 24, 2006. The registered office of the Bank is located at the address: 350015, Krasnodar, st. Red, 152.

17 branches,

9 additional offices,

27 operational cash registers outside the cash register,

5 exchange offices located outside the Bank's premises.

Geographically, all structural divisions of the Bank as of January 1, 2009 are located in the Krasnodar Territory.

Over the course of 18 years, the bank managed to become one of the leaders among regional banks in the country and become the “calling card” of the entire banking sector of Kuban. Thanks to clear and painstaking work, the Bank’s specialists were able to achieve that today the share of URALSIB-YUG BANK accounts for 45% of assets, 56% of funds current accounts, 44% of citizens' deposits and 46% of credit investments of all banks in the Krasnodar Territory.

Since its formation, the Bank has grown along with the Kuban economy. More than 110 ATMs have been installed at various points in Kuban, allowing customers to withdraw money from plastic cards and make different kinds non-cash payment transactions at any time of the day.

The dynamics of development of the domestic financial market led to changes in the organizational structure of OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK. In August 2005, the bank became part of Financial Corporation URALSIB, becoming a reliable foundation and basis for building the Corporation’s business not only in the Krasnodar Territory, but throughout the entire South of Russia. And in June 2006, the Bank’s shareholders decided to change the name of the bank to URALSIB-YUG BANK.

At the International Economic Forum “Kuban-2005”, the President of FC “URALSIB” Nikolai Tsvetkov and the Governor of the region Alexander Tkachev signed an agreement on the creation of the first Mortgage Lending Center in the South of Russia, which opened in September 2005. Moreover, the corporation focused its efforts on social mortgage. Namely, on loans that are accessible and beneficial to young families, as well as clients who do not have sufficient savings to pay a down payment or who want to move to more comfortable housing. Mortgage lending remains a strategic direction for business development in Kuban for the Corporation.

Together with URALSIB, an effective corporate governance and the most advanced banking technologies, maximum coordination of financial resources and professional liquidity management, increasing the profitability of operations and fully satisfying the ever-increasing needs of clients.

In addition to retail business, JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK actively promotes the development of the middle class in Kuban, including representatives of small and medium-sized businesses. The bank has significant financial capabilities to invest in projects of various levels. At the same time, it is able to attract long-term credit resources from the Russian and international financial markets, ensuring their relatively low cost for its clients. This has already allowed many companies to significantly strengthen their position in the market.

The advantages of URALSIB-YUG BANK are obvious: reliability, convenience, as well as a wide range of financial products and services, including all types of banking operations, consumer and car loans, mortgages, loans for small and medium-sized businesses and much more.

But the main wealth of the Bank and its main achievement is customer trust. The URALSIB-YUG BANK team has won and carefully maintained this trust through its painstaking work over the course of 18 years.

As noted in the article by RBC analyst Maria Fomicheva, the following indicators were taken into account when determining the final score (as of 07/01/06): - Net assets - Liquid assets- Own capital - Balance sheet currency - Deposit portfolio of the bank (including separately deposits of legal and individuals) - Bank loan portfolio (including separately loans to legal entities and individuals) - Profit.

The RBC-Rating agency published a study of the activities of regional banks in the 1st half of 2006. According to published data, OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK still remains the leader in the Southern Federal District, significantly ahead of other banks in the Krasnodar region. Thus, the net assets of OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK as of July 1, 2005 amounted to 11,702.5 million rubles; “neighbors” in the region, who occupy 3rd and 4th places in the table - Kraiinvestbank and Kuban Credit Bank - 2,761.0 million rubles and 2,388.5 million rubles, respectively. Banks issued loans in the following six months: OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK - 7,723.8 million rubles, Kraiinvestbank - 1,509.8 million rubles, Kuban Credit - 1,063.4 million rubles . The volume of deposits for the 1st half of the year is determined by the following figures: for Yugbank - 8,603.9 million rubles, for Krayinvestbank - 2,080.6 million rubles, for Kuban Credit Bank - 2,066.5 million rubles.

Among all regional banks in Russia, OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK ranks 20th.

The RBC-Rating rating agency also provided data on the most profitable and efficient banks in the 1st half of 2005. In the table of the Top 1000 most profitable banks in the 1st half of 2005, OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK is in 77th place in the country. Balance sheet profit as of July 1, 2005 amounted to 140,869 thousand rubles.

The RBC Rating agency published data on the Top 1000 Russian banks by loan portfolio in the 1st half of 2005. OJSC AKB Yugbank ranks 53rd in the table with a loan portfolio volume of 7,723.8 million rubles. as of July 1, 2005 (showing an increase of 21.3% since the beginning of the year). The Krasnodar Territory is also represented in the ranking by Krayinvestbank (216th place), Kuban-Credit Bank (270th place) and Yug-Investbank (435th position).

In the rating " Largest banks Russia in the 1st half of 2005” Yugbank occupies 80th place, having risen by 2 positions since the beginning of the year. The bank's net assets as of July 1, 2005 amounted to 11,702.5 million rubles. Regional neighbors are ranked in the table as follows: Kraiinvestbank - 236th place, Kuban-Credit - 267th, Yug-Investbank - 334th.

In 2007, the Bank developed steadily and dynamically.

The bank can acquire property independently within the limits of estimates approved in the established manner. All acquired property is the property of the Bank.

The Bank Manager does not have the right to transfer rights to manage property to third parties, does not have the right to enter into transactions for the acquisition (in excess of approved estimates) and alienation, as well as for the delivery and lease of premises, buildings, structures and other fixed assets without the written consent of an authorized person of the Bank to the relevant proposals of the Branch.

To carry out credit and settlement services, the Bank provides the Branch with funds in the amount established by the Board of the Bank.

Significant events that occurred in the Bank’s activities, as well as events that had an impact on the financial stability of the Bank in 2007 and created the preconditions for financial stability in the future related to:

Growth of the Bank's key indicators based on the results of 2007. Due to the policy of dynamic increase in equity capital, its value as of January 1, 2007 amounted to 1,940,548 thousand rubles, having increased over 2006 by 676,222 thousand rubles (53%), including due to the profit of the reporting year by 566,166 thousand . rubles;

The development of consumer lending, especially mortgage lending, which caused an increase in the client base of individuals, as well as an increase in the volume of lending to the population as a whole by 787,406 thousand rubles or 63% compared to previous year, including mortgage lending for 361,749 thousand rubles or 8 times;

Development retail operations related to plastic cards, which was one of the priority areas in the Bank’s activities and was reflected in the growth of funds raised using bank cards by 1,107,051 thousand rubles or 64.6%;

The Bank’s purposeful work to transform its internal structure, which resulted in a significant increase in the volume of operations and an increase in its client base legal entities And individual entrepreneurs. The turnover on the Bank's client accounts increased by 23.4% compared to 2005 and amounted to 432,842,713 thousand rubles;

The closure of the Moscow and Goryacheklyuchevsky branches of the Bank in 2006. In the future, JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK plans to develop a network of mini-offices in large cities of the region;

The Bank's entry into the VISA payment system in May 2006;

Carrying out work in 2007 to centralize settlement operations with cards of international payment systems from a number of processing centers, which became a prerequisite for closing (reducing balances) on insurance deposit accounts and correspondent accounts in other credit institutions;

The Bank's implementation in 2007 of centralization of budget control and the planning process, which led to a reduction in non-operating expenses by 856 thousand rubles (excluding payroll), and a failure to improve the quality of planning of the Bank's volumetric and income-expenditure indicators.

The bank carries out international settlements for its clients in foreign currency in various forms through an extensive correspondent network abroad, which includes 27 banks in the CIS and beyond. NOSTRO accounts are opened in leading banks in the USA, Germany, France, Great Britain, Austria, Holland, Italy, Finland, Japan, and other countries. In connection with the introduction of the Euro currency in Europe, work was carried out to prepare for settlements in this currency and correspondent accounts were opened in Europe.

In order to maximize customer satisfaction, new, most effective service schemes were developed and used. In particular, executing client orders for the purchase and sale of foreign currency at trading on the Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange, URALSIB-YUG BANK provided clients with the opportunity to participate in trading in real time.

In addition, due to pre-deposit on the exchange account of their own funds in rubles and foreign currency, clients are given the opportunity to participate in trading on the day of submitting an application without the condition of preliminary deposit of funds, as well as transfer the purchased currency under the contract on the day of purchasing the currency on the exchange.

Working with individuals on transactions in foreign currency was one of the priority areas in the Bank’s work. Thus, a wide variety of banking services were available to individual clients: receiving and issuing international transfers, acceptance of bank checks for collection, purchase and sale of traveler's checks, placement of funds on deposits, issuance and servicing of international plastic cards, purchase and sale of 11 types of cash currency.

Priority direction currency servicing of clients, as before, remained servicing foreign trade transactions.

Affiliation with professional organizations:

Association of Russian Banks

International money transfer system Coinstar Money Transfer Limited (CMT)

National Stock Association (self-regulatory non-profit organization)

All-Russian system of plastic cards Closed Joint Stock Company "Golden Crown"

Russian National SWIFT Association (ROSSWIFT)

LLC NKO Western Union DP Vostok

New York Clearing House

State Corporation "Deposit Insurance Agency"

Closed Joint Stock Company "Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange"

Closed Joint Stock Company " Stock Exchange MICEX"

VISA International Service Association

Open Joint Stock Company "Kuban Mortgage Agency"

MasterCard International Incorporated

The results of the Bank's activities are reflected in separate monthly, quarterly annual balance sheets, in the Bank's profit and loss statement, as well as in the annual report, which are submitted to the Bank within the deadlines established by it, as well as to the territorial branch of the Bank of Russia at the Bank's location. The Bank's balance sheet includes a consolidated balance sheet, and a daily balance sheet is also compiled.

Control over the financial and economic activities of the Bank is carried out by: the Audit Commission, elected by the General Meeting of Shareholders of the Bank, the Auditor of the Bank, approved General meeting shareholders and Service internal control Jar.

High growth rates allow the Bank to remain in leading positions in the ratings of leading Russian media. Thus, in the rating of the business weekly “Expert” in terms of assets among the 200 largest banks in the country, OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK took 85th place as of January 1, 2007. The growth rate of the Bank's equity capital, which exceeded the Russian average, allowed OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK to move in the rating of Expert magazine from 172nd position to 151st in 2006.

Over the eighteen years of its existence, OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK has become the largest universal bank, which is a reliable partner for more than 33 thousand legal entities and individuals, has 17 branches and 9 additional offices in the Krasnodar Territory.

By successfully implementing the adopted strategy, in 2007 OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK confirms the reputation of a dynamically developing Bank. Activities of the Bank in reporting year can be described as the most successful in the Bank’s seventeen years of operation.

Figure 7 - Organizational structure jar.

Key trends of the year:

Moderate but consistent expansion of the balance sheet currency;

Significant growth of the Bank's capital;

Expanding lending to the real sector of the economy;

Activation of the interbank lending market;

Obtaining stable profits, improving work efficiency;

Use of advanced technologies and modern equipment;

Qualitative changes in personnel policy.

To study the efficiency of a bank, it is necessary to analyze the composition and structure of active and passive operations jar.

2.2 Structure of bank resources for the period 2005-2007

The bank's own resources represent bank capital and funds equivalent to it. Their task is to maintain the stability of the bank. At the initial stage own funds cover priority expenses (land, buildings, salaries), without which the bank cannot start operations. Using their own resources, banks create the reserves they need. And also own resources are the main source of investment in long-term assets. According to the current banking legislation, banks are required to cover at least 10% of the total need for funds from their own funds.

The importance of own funds for the bank is extremely high and consists of:

A) the need to maintain its financial stability; B) the ability to start activities at the initial stage;

C) in creating the necessary reserves;

D) the possibility of forming long-term assets.”

A visual representation of the resource base of the bank under study is provided by the information presented in Table 1.

According to the balance sheet data of OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK, the bank’s own funds as of January 1, 2008 amounted to 3.0 billion rubles, amounting to 197.0 million rubles. from the authorized capital, by 1.1 billion rubles. from

Between passive and active operations of banking operations, liquidity, profitability, riskiness, as well as funds and profits of previous years, by 1.0 billion rubles. from the profit of the reporting year and by 659.3 million rubles. at the expense of the additional fund formed as a result of the revaluation of fixed assets. Compared to 2005 and 2006, there was an increase in own funds both in general and in the context of these items, with the largest increase coming from funds and profits of the current year and previous years, which amounted to 1.4 billion rubles compared to 2005, and against 2006 - 1.0 billion rubles.

The bank's liabilities amounted to 23.2 billion rubles as of January 1, 2008. Over the three years under analysis, their volume has doubled. The increase (by 11.1 billion rubles) was mainly due to two items of the balance sheet liability: funds from clients of legal entities (by 10.9 billion rubles) and attracted deposits from individuals (by 6.4 billion rubles) . For other items, the bank's liabilities increased slightly.

Table 1 - Structure of resources of OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK in dynamics for the analyzed period

Title of articles							Deviation 2007
Funds from credit institutions
Client funds, including: - individuals	11 648 063 4 481 968		16513618 8 346 020		22 586 130 10 926 253		10 938 067 6 444 285
Obligations to pay interest
Debt issued
Other obligations
Reserves for possible losses on contingent credit obligations, other losses, etc.
Total liabilities	12 177 200		17 078 380		23 298 889		11 121 689
Funds of shareholders (participants), including: Ordinary shares Preference shares
Share premium
Funds and unused profits from previous years
Revaluation of fixed assets
Profit to be distributed (loss) for reporting period
Deferred expenses and upcoming payments affecting equity

2.3 Structure of bank assets for the analyzed period

The bank's active operations constitute a significant and decisive part of its operations. The asset structure refers to the placement of the bank's own and borrowed funds in order to generate income. In particular, the ratio of asset items of the bank’s balance sheet of different quality and economic content to the balance sheet total. This structure allows us to judge the composition and character active operations, liquidity, profitability, riskiness, as well as the relationship between passive and active operations of the bank.

In the analyzed bank, assets are divided into five main categories: cash and equivalent funds (cash in exchange offices, in transit, in ATMs, operating cash desks outside the premises of a credit institution, checks, the nominal value of which is indicated in the currency, precious metals in the form gold and gold on the way); funds in non-cash form in the Central Bank and in credit institutions (on correspondent accounts, in required reserves and in deposits); investments in securities; loans; fixed assets, intangible assets and other business materials.

The structure of assets is formed under the influence of banking legislation and national characteristics the country in which the bank operates. Thus, depending on the reserve requirements established by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the amount transferred by the bank to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation to special accounts in the currency of the Russian Federation (account 30202) and in foreign currency (account 30204) is determined.

According to the current procedure for the formation of balance sheet asset items (form code 0409806), the latter is divided into 11 sections.

The dynamics of the balance sheet assets of OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK is reflected in Table 2.

Table 2 - Structure of assets of OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK in dynamics for the analyzed period

from 2005 - 2007

Title of articles							Deviation 2007
1. Cash
2. Funds of credit institutions in the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
2.1. Mandatory reserves in the Central Bank of the Russian Federation
3. Funds in credit institutions
4. Net investment in trading securities
5. Net loans outstanding
6. Net investments in investment securities held to maturity
7. Fixed assets, intangible assets and inventories
8. Requirements for receiving interest
9. Other assets
10. Balance currency

The data presented indicate a stable growth of the bank's assets throughout the entire analyzed period. So, in three years (from 2005 to 2007), the asset grew by more than 12.7 billion rubles. mainly due to an increase in loan operations (by 9.8 billion rubles), transactions with securities and other similar investments - 0.7 billion rubles, cash assets - 1.1 billion rubles, as well as assets stored in Central Bank and correspondent banks in the form of funds in correspondent and deposit accounts - 1.7 billion rubles.

Also, based on the data in the table, we can say the following:

1. The main place in the bank’s active operations is occupied by credit operations, their share ranges from 71.04% in 2005 to 73.86% in 2007.

2. In second place are cash assets (from 5.98% to 7.56%).

3. Third place among banking assets are occupied by investments in securities (their share compared to 2005 decreased by 2007 from 8.45% to 7.26%).

4. The fourth place in the structure of assets is occupied by fixed assets and intangible assets. Their share compared to 2005 decreased by 2007 from 7.91% to 4.70%, despite their growth in absolute value.

5. In fifth place are non-cash assets in the form of funds in correspondent and deposit accounts in credit institutions (from 4.83% to 2.94%) and in the Central Bank.

6. The share of other assets is insignificant and amounts to only 0.27% in 2005 and 0.90% in 2007 in the asset structure.

2.4 Bank income and expenses for the analyzed period

The sources of income of OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK are various types of business, the elements of which include the loan business, discount business (purchase by the bank of unpaid bills, checks and claims at a discount), security business (performance of trust and agency services), business with securities (issue of own securities and their sale, transactions with securities on the secondary market of other issuers, services for the provision of dealer and brokerage operations), depository and guarantee activities, business related to attracting deposits (various commissions for opening, closing and maintaining accounts), purchase and sale of foreign currency and precious metals, provision of safes for rent and other types of activities licensed by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

The item of expenses of OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK can include operating expenses (costs directly related to banking operations), expenses for supporting business activities, expenses for remuneration of bank personnel (salaries, bonuses, payroll charges), expenses for the payment of taxes, contributions to special reserve funds (needs to ensure resources against possible losses), as well as other bank expenses.

All of the listed types of income, as well as the bank’s expenses, are grouped in the “Profit and Loss Statement” (published form and in expanded form - in Form 102).

Based on the data from these forms, the dynamics of income and expenses of the above-mentioned bank for 2005-2007 were formed and are shown in Table 3.

According to the data in this table, OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK is a profitable, financially stable structure throughout the entire analyzed period of time.

Table 3 - Structure of income and expenses of OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK in dynamics for the analyzed period from 2005 to 2007.

Title of articles	Amount, thousand rubles			Deviation 2007 to 2005 (+,-) thousand rubles.
1. Total interest received and similar From placing funds in credit organizations From loans provided to clients Other sources
2. Total interest paid and similar expenses, According to borrowed funds organizations Based on attracted funds from clients For issued debt obligations
3. Net interest income
4. Net income from transactions with securities
5. Net income from foreign currency transactions
6. Net income from revaluation of foreign currency
7. Commission income
8. Commission expenses
9. Net income from non-recurring transactions
10. Other net operating income
11. Administrative and management expenses
12. Reserves for possible losses
13. Profit before tax
14. Accrued taxes
15. Profit for the reporting year

In 2007, the amount of interest received and similar income of a commercial bank amounted to 2,137.4 million rubles, and the amount of interest paid and similar expenses was 765.4 million rubles, which allowed it to receive 1,372.0 million rubles. interest profit, which was 1.8 times higher than the interest profit of 2005 and 1.6 times the profit of 2006. Income from transactions with foreign currency increased in 2007 compared to 2005 by 79.0 million rubles, amounting to 136.3 million rubles. against 57.2 million rubles, with a decrease in income from revaluation of foreign currency by 3.0 million rubles. in 2007 compared to 2005 and by 3.6 million rubles. compared to 2006.

In 2006, the level of methodological base, software, and technical equipment was increased in accordance with the goals and objectives of the main areas of activity.

In accordance with certain objectives, accounting and tax policy for the purpose of reporting according to IFRS, according to which as of 10/01/07. For the first time, the Bank's reporting was compiled under IFRS for the purpose of submitting it to the Central Bank of Russia.

The results of the Bank's activities ensured the fulfillment of the requirements for the financial stability and reliability of the Bank in order to enter the insurance system.

Based on the results of a comprehensive audit of the Bank of Russia, from December 9, 2004, JSCB Yugbank became a participant in the deposit insurance system.

The bank's performance results for 2007 created conditions for further expansion of operations, development of new areas of activity, growth of reliability and capital, in order to maintain the status of a competitive largest regional Bank.

3 Main directions for improving operations with plastic cards at OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK

3.1 Evaluation of bank operations with plastic cards

As you know, the main task of a bank is to make a profit with a relative minimum of costs, i.e. economic effect from the use of this banking product. Consequently, it is possible to calculate the effect and the economic indicators that depend on it only by comparing costs with profits.

The economic efficiency of a plastic card system should be understood as what real benefits the system brings to a particular bank. Therefore, the main objective of the effectiveness assessment methodology is to obtain answers to the following questions:

What is the payback period for expensive equipment?

What overhead costs does the bank bear for the maintenance of the plastic card system apparatus and supporting services (collection, cash desk, accounting);

What costs are spent on providing processing, supporting lines and correspondent relations;

How much does it cost to maintain an equipped retail outlet or ATM installation site?

Under what conditions can you work with a specific client?

At the same time, an increase in the number of trading terminals and ATMs potentially has an impact on reducing the working time of operating personnel and cash counter employees.

It should be noted that the introduction of the “card” business, along with increasing the competitive potential of the bank and with the growth of its authority as a participant in the innovation process, also has a less pleasant side, which is associated with high costs, especially at the beginning of working with cards (entering an already existing system and organizing your own processing center, costs for hardware and software, establishing relationships with stores, etc.).

Based on this, economic efficiency The use of plastic cards should be given special attention.

One of the main and significant issues is the question of correct calculation of the profitability of the plastic card system.

Calculations of economic efficiency belong to the category of complex and complex tasks and must be reduced to common digital parameters, i.e. to specific monetary terms that allow us to evaluate the current and developing plastic card system.

In preparation preliminary calculation income and expenses, it is more convenient to start with income, since, having counted them, it becomes clear which way the card program should be developed in a particular bank.

The income of the card program consists of the annual rate charged to the client for issuing cards and servicing the card account, as well as an additional set of services provided.

OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK has been working with plastic cards for quite a long time. The first international card was issued to the client in June 1994.

Currently, the bank acquires plastic cards VISA, EUROCARD, MASTERCARD, UNIONCARD.

In addition to acquiring, OJSC JSCB "URALSIB-YUG BANK" issues plastic cards "Golden Crown" in accordance with the "Regulations on the procedure for issuing bank cards by credit institutions and making settlements on transactions made with their use" dated November 29, 2000, as well as in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation, regulations and decrees of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

In January 2005, the number of cards issued by the bank exceeded 140 thousand.

Bank cards are issued to the client on the basis of an agreement concluded with him. The bank card must contain the name and logo of the issuer, which uniquely identifies it.

The issuer is obliged to notify clients of the need to obtain permission from the Bank of Russia to carry out foreign exchange transactions related to the movement of capital, in accordance with currency legislation.

One client account can reflect transactions using several of the same type of bank cards of the same or different payment systems issued by a credit institution either to the client himself or to persons authorized by the client. Bank clients can be both individuals and legal entities. OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK issues and provides full service of plastic cards Russian system"Gold Crown".

The Golden Crown plastic card system is widespread in Russia, which is due to its adaptability to economic conditions and the low cost of using the card for its owner.

The “Golden Crown” ruble card is a universal means of payment with which you can pay in shops, restaurants, etc., as well as get the required amount in cash at bank tellers or ATMs.

The “Golden Crown” card is not only a convenient and safe way to make payments, but also a profitable form of savings.

Interest is accrued daily to the card account, the amount of which depends on the type of card chosen.

In addition, also on the basis and in accordance with the technologies of the “Golden Crown” system, the bank issues a “Pension Card”. It is intended for crediting funds to the account of pensioners in accordance with the General Agreement “On the payment of pensions and lump sum payments" Servicing a pension card is 15 rubles per month. Using the Golden Crown pension card you can buy food, medicine, etc. with a discount from 3 to 10% in more than 120 stores in Krasnodar.

In the system of OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK, as of January 1, 2009, the rate is 250 rubles for a “personal” card and from 150 rubles to 250 rubles for a “salary” card. More detailed tariffs for services on the Golden Crown card can be seen in Table 4.

Table 4 – Tariffs for services on the “Golden Crown” card.

SERVICES FOR INDIVIDUALS
1. Fee for settlement service card accounts	250 rubles
2. Blocking the card at the request of the client	for free
3. Fine for loss or damage to the card	250 rubles
4. Issue new card to replace the lost	for free
5. Transfer of amount from card account and cardholder name: In the system of JSCB "Yugbank" To another credit and financial establishment	0.5% of the amount operations
6. Initial minimum deposit to the card account	Not provided
7. Minimum balance on the card account	Not provided
8. Add/withdraw	For free
9. - crediting funds to the holder’s card account Cash deposits by the card account holder by third parties Non-cash deposits	For free 1% of the amount operations 1% of the amount operations
10. Cash withdrawal by bank card through the cash desk In the system of JSCB "Yugbank" In other financial and credit institutions	For free 5% of the transaction amount + tariff credit and financial institutions
11. Servicing a bank card at the enterprise	For free
12. Accrual of interest on the balance of funds on bank card accounts with monthly capitalization	from 0 – 31 days from 31 – 91 days from 91 – 181 days

In addition, the bank receives income from commission fees for transferring funds to the account and for withdrawing funds from the account.

At the same time, the bank receives the greatest income not in the form of a commission, but in the form of income from placing funds on clients’ card accounts.

There is also a significant unevenness of the load - in the regions of presence of the branch of OJSC JSCB URALSIB YUG-BANK, it is either equal to or less than the standard value, and in Krasnodar it is several times higher than the norm.

This problem needs to be solved in the near future, so in 2008 an additional 18 ATMs were installed, which on average slightly reduced the load on 1 ATM.

At the same time, it should be borne in mind that the volume of profit will increase primarily if the balances on card accounts increase and, on the contrary, the costs of introducing and servicing plastic cards decrease.

For example, last year the most advanced card technologies, primarily chip or microprocessor cards, were actively introduced in Russia. But it was the implementation of expensive chip projects that was under threat. Confirmation of this trend was the recent transition of the Zolotaya Korona microprocessor card system to cards with a magnetic stripe. Certain changes in approaches to the implementation of the “card” business have also occurred at OJSC JSCB URALSIB YUG-BANK.

Based on this, we can conclude that only the mass introduction of inexpensive cards with a wide range of services for the client will allow (taking into account the ongoing growth dynamics) optimal timing recoup costs and develop the plastic card market.

A general improvement in the economic situation in the country, the formation of a sufficiently large group of creditworthy population, the gradual formation of a consumer lending market - these and other factors create the necessary prerequisites for the development of the credit card segment in Russia.

For banks operating on financial market with individuals, the problem of high-quality provision of a wide range of financial services to a significant mass of the population in the field of various transfers and cash payments, utility and other payments, placing clients’ personal funds in deposit, and lending to clients with a reliable credit history is becoming increasingly urgent.

At the same time, issues of minimizing own costs, problems of optimal control cash flows individuals and - at the same time - the need to reduce operational and technological costs force banks to look for new forms of working with individuals.

Among the factors hindering the development of retail banking services in Russia:

Low level of income of the population;

Uneven distribution of income between different segments of the population;

Low density population and large territorial extent.

To maintain the advantage and increase the growth of bank clients, the following program is necessary:

Moving terminal equipment, from retail outlets with low turnover, to trade and service enterprises that are in constant demand among city residents, with a large one-time purchase (purchase of furniture, household appliances, jewelry) and these retail outlets provide a discount of at least 5%.

Planned replacement of old VeriFone Omni 395 terminal equipment in stores with high turnover, and therefore long queues at the cash register, with new VeriFone Omni 3350 equipment, which allows reducing customer service time by 2.5 times (to 8-10 seconds).

Among other things, the Bank needs to begin acquiring all-Russian payment systems such as STB Card, Accord, which will allow OJSC JSCB URALSIB YUG-BANK, with its extensive infrastructure on the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory, to receive profit in the form of a commission for cash withdrawals funds, holders of plastic cards of these payment systems at the cash issuing point.

For example, let’s take two options for installing terminals in Krasnodar and offer the following conditions:

Option 1: one terminal at the expense of OJSC JSCB URALSIB YUG-BANK;

Option 2: two terminals at the expense of the Agent Bank;

Table 5 - Efficiency of installing a terminal of another payment system

Thus, it will be more profitable for OJSC JSCB URALSIB YUG-BANK to install 2 terminals at the expense of the Agent Bank, with a low commission rate (1.5), than one terminal at its own expense with a high commission rate (2.5%). While this table does not take into account communication costs, in negotiations with the Agent Bank, OJSC JSCB URALSIB SOUTH-BANK, it is necessary to insist that communication costs be at the expense of the Agent Bank.

Currently, due to intense competition from Sberbank and Moscow Banks, OJSC JSCB URALSIB YUG-BANK needs to revise the tariff policy for salary projects with the possibility of providing cards to the Company free of charge. The provision of cards by the Bank at its own expense is possible only when issuing and servicing magnetic plastic cards. Solving this problem in this way will allow OJSC JSCB URALSIB YUG-BANK to reduce tariffs on plastic cards, gain additional profit and attract enterprises with a large number of seasonal workers.

OJSC JSCB URALSIB YUG-BANK needs to constantly resolve the issue of the amount of interest paid on card accounts of individuals, based on the size of the refinancing rate, income from the placement of borrowed funds, and rates on demand accounts, so that with one sides to reduce the cost of borrowed funds, and on the other hand, make the interest accrued on the card account attractive

As for the infrastructure for servicing bank cards, by the end of 2007 the acquiring network of Zolotaya Korona cards consisted of more than 50,000 trading terminals, 7,850 cash issuing points and 697 ATMs. Zolotaya Korona cards are accepted for service in 150 cities of Russia, as well as in Ukraine (in 9 largest cities), in Kyrgyzstan (in 7 cities) and Kazakhstan (Almaty, Petropavlovsk). Bank "Caspian" (Almaty) has installed the first point for issuing cash using Zolotaya Korona cards in the largest city of the Republic of Kazakhstan - Almaty.

Developing the market for banking services provided using plastic cards, OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK has implemented highly efficient technologies for mass servicing of individuals. With this approach, the plastic card, being identification in nature, acts as a universal means of access and management of the client’s bank account.

Table 6 – Dynamics of account balances of plastic cards of individuals

Having analyzed the reporting data (form 101) on card accounts of individuals, the following conclusions can be drawn: positive dynamics can be traced over the three analyzed periods. If in 2005 the balances on card accounts were only 80,000 thousand rubles, then in 2006 this figure increased by 17092170000 thousand rubles. and amounted to 17092250000 thousand rubles. And in 2007, the increase in balances on card accounts turned out to be even more significant, and amounted to 28168510000 thousand rubles. In turn, this is due to the introduction of a new card product by OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK and the transition of most organizations in the Krasnodar Territory to the Zolotaya Korona card system through the conclusion of salary projects with the bank.

The priority direction of development for OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK should be the further expansion and development of the plastic money market.

As part of the Zolotaya Korona System, OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK plans to further expand the service infrastructure and increase the number of participating banks in the System, both in Russia and the CIS countries.

First of all, proposals for improving operations with plastic cards should be built on existing experience and build on the basic principles of servicing a wide range of individuals, for this it is necessary:

1) Increase the bank’s income from the amounts credited to clients’ card accounts. This type of income depends on the credit turnover of the movement of funds on card accounts, i.e. on the amounts of funds credited (receipt) to card accounts. In this case, in accordance with concluded agreements, for example, “salary” projects, a percentage of the commission from the amounts credited to the bank account is charged to the bank’s income. Depending on the amount of receipts on clients’ card accounts, the income received by the bank also increases.

2) Increase the bank’s income from the turnover of transaction amounts in trade and service organizations. The amount of this income depends entirely on the debit turnover on clients’ card accounts, which arise when they make a purchase or pay for services using cards. Turnovers arise when funds are written off from card accounts in the amount of purchases made and paid for services in trade and service organizations. From this activity the bank should receive more income, in the form of a contractual percentage, charged to the trading or service organization.

3) Increase the bank’s income from cash issuance through a network of ATMs, cash issuance points, and non-cash transfers. This type of income also depends on the debit turnover of clients arising when conducting cash withdrawal operations from a card account. In this case, the bank's income will be received in the amount of the established commission percentage charged on the amount of cash issued.

Thus, customer credit turnover, i.e. all receipts to card accounts, will be used in three main debit options:

To pay for goods and services;

To receive cash;

For non-cash transfers.

4) Increase in other bank income from operations with plastic cards. This includes other bank income from the operation of the plastic card system, which was not included in the previous three, namely payments from processing companies, payment for services for currency conversion, for non-cash transfers, the positive difference between the cost of the card and the cost of servicing the card account, fines, penalties, received and other payments in favor of the bank.

However, it is necessary not only to increase revenues from operations with plastic cards, but also to optimize the costs associated with issuing and servicing plastic cards.

Undoubtedly, increasing profitability for the bank is fundamental, but we must not forget about the image side.

A promising bank, such as OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK, offering retail banking services, must strive for constant growth.

Conclusion

The rapid spread of bank credit cards, their transformation into a mass payment instrument, and the steady increase in their popularity among wide groups of the population serves as clear evidence that this form of payment is beneficial to the main categories of participants in the system.

There are many types of cards available in the market. Issuing banks actively compete with each other, trying to attract more customers. As a result of competition, the cost of the card and the fees charged for using them are reduced.

One of the measures that can make cards attractive to the population is the ability to receive money through ATMs. The development of the cash distribution network should increase the number of cardholders, which will also put pressure on the retail network, encouraging it to accept cards.

In the Russian market, the promotion of cards has encountered a number of difficulties: low income levels, lack of consumer culture, obstacles at the legislative level, and large shadow cash turnover.

Considering the activities of OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK in the analyzed period, we came to the conclusion that this bank stably maintains its position in the banking services market of the Krasnodar Territory and is consistently expanding its volume of activities.

As a universal financial and credit institution, JSCB Yugbank develops activities in a wide range of areas, which ensures maximum market coverage of banking products and services, increases the degree of diversification and, accordingly, business sustainability.

In 2007, JSCB Yugbank continued its dynamic development, remaining for your clients universal bank, ready to offer a full range of modern high-quality products and services.

Customer focus is the basis on which the bank builds relationships with its partners representing various sectors of the Kuban economy. Constant, constructive dialogue with clients, attention to their problems, prompt decision-making and information openness have long been the principles of the bank’s work.

Calculations for main financial indicators also indicate the development prospects of OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK. So, over three years (from 2005 to 2007), assets grew by more than 12.7 billion rubles. mainly due to an increase in loan operations (by 9.8 billion rubles), transactions with securities and other similar investments - 0.7 billion rubles, cash assets - 1.1 billion rubles, as well as assets, stored in the Central Bank and correspondent banks in the form of funds in correspondent and deposit accounts - 1.7 billion rubles.

The bank's fixed assets and intangible assets as of January 1, 2008 amounted to 1.2 billion rubles, having increased by 162.9 million rubles compared to 2005, which is explained by the introduction of modern banking technologies for processing banking information and the technical re-equipment of cash registers and offices with window alarms.

According to the balance sheet data of OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK, the bank’s own funds as of January 1, 2008 amounted to 3.0 billion rubles, amounting to 197.0 million rubles. from the authorized capital, by 1.1 billion rubles. from funds and profits of previous years, by 1.0 billion rubles. from the profit of the reporting year and by 659.3 million rubles. at the expense of the additional fund formed as a result of the revaluation of fixed assets.

It can also be noted that from the given data, as of January 1, 2008, attracted funds (liabilities) cover 88.46% of the total need for the bank’s monetary resources intended for performing active operations. 11.54% of the total need for funds is covered from its own resources.

In the structure of the bank’s liabilities, the largest share is occupied by customer funds and deposits of individuals, fluctuating, respectively, from 85.82% to 85.76% and from 33.02% to 41.49%, but by 2007 the situation changed in favor of deposits individuals. Their share increased as of January 1, 2008 to 41.49%.

The structure of the bank's income and expenses is presented in the following data: in 2007, the amount of interest received and similar income of a commercial bank amounted to 2,137.4 million rubles, and the amount of interest paid and similar expenses was 765.4 million rubles, which allowed it receive 1,372.0 million rubles. interest profit, which was 1.8 times higher than the interest profit of 2005 and 1.6 times the profit of 2006. Income from transactions with foreign currency increased in 2007 compared to 2005 by 79.0 million rubles, amounting to 136.3 million rubles. against 57.2 million rubles, with a decrease in income from revaluation of foreign currency by 3.0 million rubles. in 2007 compared to 2005 and by 3.6 million rubles. compared to 2006.

Increased commission income by 367.2 million rubles. in 2007 compared to 2005, amounting to 903.1 million rubles. Commission expenses also increased by 3.3 million rubles. in 2007 compared to 2005.

The bank's client base expanded to almost 200 thousand clients, with an increase of 60 thousand clients. This is explained by the fact that the bank is expanding its scope of services, using new technologies for providing them, and has also reliably established itself in the financial market. The number of clients served - individuals increased by 56 thousand or 51%. And the number of clients served - legal entities - by 3000 units. or by 10%.

Based on the calculated indicators, we can say with confidence that OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK is financially stable banking structure providing their clients with a wide range of banking services.

In general, the following conclusions can be drawn from the thesis:

firstly, more transactions with plastic cards are carried out by individuals than by legal entities;

secondly, in recent years there has been a growing trend in transactions carried out using plastic cards, that is, among the population, plastic cards are increasingly becoming a means of replacing a wallet;

thirdly, income indicators dominate over expenditure indicators in both 2006 and 2007. The greatest income came from transactions from credits to citizens' card accounts, which, of course, is associated with the increasing volume of issuance and servicing of plastic cards issued by OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK.

These findings indicate that plastic cards are extremely cost-effective and are one of the most profitable types of services offered by OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK.

Based on the above, a number of proposals can be made aimed at increasing the profitability of transactions with plastic cards. First of all, these proposals should be built on existing experience and start from the basic principles of serving a wide range of individuals; for this it is necessary to increase the profitability of such operations using existing financial instruments, expand the range of additional services provided for transactions with plastic cards.

With all the new ideas and technologies, the plastic card market will not develop rapidly in isolation from the general economic situation in the country. Only in a dynamically growing economy is stable demand for the “tools” that are used in it possible. And in this case, new technologies will make it possible to achieve significant progress in the distribution of payment cards and will lead market participants to the expected financial results.

In the course of writing this thesis, I studied the basic theoretical foundations of the functioning of various payment systems, examined the conditions for issuing and servicing plastic cards of both international and Russian payment systems. An analysis of the work of OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK in the plastic card market of the Krasnodar Territory was carried out, and the main activities of the Bank and its branches in the field of salary and fuel projects were considered. The main disadvantages in the use of plastic cards are considered and recommendations for eliminating them are given.

Summarizing the accumulated world experience and accepted approaches to organizing the improvement of the system of modern non-cash payments that contribute to the further development of card products, we can recommend the following set of necessary operations at OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK:

Improve the procedure for issuing plastic cards by increasing the level of the methodological base, software and technical equipment;

Provide the possibility of savings functions on plastic cards, which will attract additional resources;

Introduction of pension product plastic cards into the product range, thereby attracting a certain segment of the client base;

Expanding the territorial and geographical possibilities for using plastic cards issued by the bank, etc.

List of used literature

1. On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia): federal law of the Russian Federation of July 10, 2002 [adopted by the State. Duma June 27, 2002: according to as of April 26, 2007]. – M.: Consultant Plus, 2008.

2. About banks and banking: federal law of the Russian Federation of December 2, 1990 [adopted by the State. Duma December 24, 1990: according to as of May 17, 2007]. – M.: Consultant Plus, 2008.

3. On non-cash payments in the Russian Federation: regulation No. 2-P of October 3, 2002 [approved. Central Bank of the Russian Federation October 3, 2002: as per. as of May 02, 2007]. – M.: Consultant Plus, 2008.

4. On the issue of bank cards and on transactions performed using payment cards: Regulation No. 266-P dated December 24, 2004 [approved. Central Bank of the Russian Federation December 24, 2004: as per. as of September 21, 2006]. – M.: Consultant Plus, 2008.

5. On approval of the regulations on the implementation of cash payments and (or) payments using payment cards without the use of cash register equipment: Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 31, 2005 [approved. Government of the Russian Federation dated March 31, 2005: according to comp. as of December 5, 2006]. – M.: Consultant Plus, 2008.

6. On the organization of internal control in credit institutions and banking groups: Regulation No. 242-P dated December 16, 2003 [approved. Central Bank of the Russian Federation December 16, 2003: according to as of November 30, 2004]. – M.: Consultant Plus, 2008.

7. On payment of banking services for transferring wages to plastic cards: letter of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 02-14-13/1254 dated May 16, 2006 - M.: Consultant Plus, 2008.

8. Rules for carrying out transactions with debit (payment) cards of the international payment systems “Visa International”, “Master Card Worldwide”, issued by OJSC JSCB “URALSIB-YUG BANK” No. 16 206

9. Terms of use of card accounts and bank debit (settlement) cards of the international payment systems “Visa International”, “Master Card Worldwide”, issued by OJSC JSCB “URALSIB-YUG BANK” No. 28 357

10. Rules for opening and closing bank accounts, deposit accounts in OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK No. 16 201

11. Basic requirements for tariffs and tariffs of OJSC JSCB URALSIB-YUG BANK for holders of debit (settlement) international bank cards No. 16 208

12. Andreev A.A. Plastic cards in Russia: collection / A.A. Andreev, A.G. Morozov. – M.: BANK CENTER, 2004. – 334 p.

13. Batrakova L.G. Economic analysis of the activities of a commercial bank: textbook / L.G. Batrakova. - M.: Logos, 2005. – 384 p.

14. Vavilov A.V. Plastic cards: principles of constructing payment schemes / A.V. Vavilov, I.I. Ilyin. - M.: Europeum - Press, 2005. - 128 p.

15. Vishnevskaya I.V. Analysis of the plastic card market: textbook / I.V. Vishnevskaya. - M.: Accounting and banks, 2007. – 306 p.

16. Golubovich A.D. Credit and other bank cards in the system of automated cash payments: textbook for universities / A.D. Golubovich, O.M. Muromskaya. – M: Menatep-Inform, 2005 – 284 p.

17. Kolesnikov V.I. Banking: textbook / V.I. Kolesnikov. - M.: Finance and Statistics, 2007. – 411 p.

18. Kupchinsky V.A Bank resource management system. / V.A. Kupchinsky. – M.: Exam, 2004 – 297 p.

19. Lavrushin O.I. Banking: textbook / O.I. Lavrushin. - M.: Finance and Statistics, 2006. – 379 p.

20. Lavrushin O.I. Management of a commercial bank: textbook / O.I. Lavrushin. – M.: Yurist, 2007, - 503 p.

21. Maslenchenkov Yu.S. Financial management in a commercial bank: Fundamental analysis: textbook / Yu.S. Maslenchenkov. – M.: Perspective, 2006 – 332 p.

22. Nemchinov V.K. Accounting and operational technology in banks: textbook for universities / V.K. Nemchinov. – M.: UNITY, 2005. – 423 p.

23. Panova G.S. Analysis of the financial condition of a commercial bank: a textbook for universities / G.S. Panova. – M.: Finance and Statistics, 2007 – 418 p.

24. Rubinshtein O.V. Plastic cards: textbook / O.V. Rubenstein. – M.: Helios, 2006. – 264 p.

25. Rudakova O.S. Banking electronic services: textbook for universities / O.S. Rudakova - M.: UNITI, 2006. - 261 p.

26. Sadvaksov K.K Commercial banks. Management analysis of activities. Planning and control: a textbook for universities / K.K. Sadvaksov. – M.: OS, 2004 – 462 p.

27. Tavasiev A.M. Banking: banking operations for clients: textbook / A.M. Tavasiev, V.P. Bychkov, V.A. Moskvin; edited by A.M. Tavasieva. – M.: Finance and Statistics, 2006. – 304 p.

28. Higgins M. Banking: strategic management: textbook / M. Higgins, V.P. Platonov. - M.: Consultbanker, 2005. – 526 p.

29. Cherkasov V.E. The financial analysis in a commercial bank: textbook for universities / V.E. Cherkasov. – M.: INFRA-M, 2004 – 321 p.

30. Sheremet A.D. Financial analysis in a commercial bank: textbook / A.D. Sheremet, G.N. Shcherbakova. – M.: Finance and Statistics, 2005 – 412 p.

31. Yanygin S.A. Methods for introducing bank cards: collection / S.A. Yanygin – M.: Perspective, 2004. – 281 p.

cards." It reflects the amount of obligations of the issuing bank, which it must repay upon presentation electronic money. Since electronic money is non-personalized, the bank’s obligations, which are reflected in account 3350, are also non-personalized. Therefore, no interest is accrued on funds accounted for in account 3350.

National Bank supervises the activities of banks issuing electronic money cards. Issuing banks must comply with economic standards and fulfill reserve requirements established by the National Bank. The National Bank has the right to increase the amount of funds contributed to the required reserve fund for banks issuing electronic money cards, as well as establish maximum amount funds and type of currency that can be written to the electronic money card.

The legislation of the Republic of Belarus applies to all bank cards produced on other media.

In addition to the above regulations, banks in their activities with banking plastic cards is guided by many other documents developed by the management of this bank in accordance with the above regulatory framework and recommendations for servicing holders of bank plastic cards developed by domestic and international systems, as well as internal private systems.

Based on the above, we can conclude that the legislative and regulatory framework for the functioning of non-cash payments using bank plastic cards reflects:

1) creation and improvement of the legal space for organizing the circulation of cards of various systems and types on the territory of Belarus, including cards of international and domestic systems, credit and debit cards, used for both individuals and legal entities;

2) creating prerequisites for the mass release of cards into circulation, including servicing the population with wages;

3) creation of a unified information space for non-cash payments for goods and services, including payment for utilities (a unified network of ATMs, trade and service enterprises that accept cards of international and domestic payment systems);

4) improving settlement mechanisms in order to optimize liquidity and reduce all types of risks.

It should be noted that the existing regulatory framework covers the main aspects of the functioning of banks within the framework of card systems. But, as it seems to us, it is necessary to refine existing documents and develop new ones that regulate the following areas of the card business:

1) development of a program of economic support for enterprises

countries operating within the framework of card programs;

2) development of regulatory documents for document storage,

formed in the process of working with plastic cards;

3) development of regulatory documents regulating the procedure for working with non-bank and combined plastic cards, etc.

2. Organization of payments with bank plastic cards in the Republic of Belarus at the present stage

2.1 Analysis of the market for bank plastic cards of the Republic of Belarus

In recent years, the Republic of Belarus has been actively implementing bank plastic cards into payment circulation. Therefore, from time to time in periodicals they write about this payment instrument, but in some cases they give a not entirely correct definition of the concept of a bank plastic card and its economic essence, the types of bank plastic cards, the concept and legal nature electronic money.

A plastic card is a payment instrument through which its holders can make non-cash payments for goods, works and services or receive cash.

In this definition I would like to note three main points.

Firstly, a plastic card is only a means of accessing funds in the holder’s account, through which he carries out the above operations (with the exception of electronic money cards). It contains certain information, with the help of which, as well as an individual code (PIN code), the holder has access to the funds in his account.

Secondly, a plastic card is a means of making payments, and not the means of payment itself. In other words, the card does not replace money itself (legal tender), nor does it replace or duplicate the function of money as a means of payment. It is only a tool through which money performs this function.

Thirdly, the card is not a money surrogate. As noted above, the card contains only certain information about the account, and not funds. In itself, it has no value (except for the cost of plastic).

The entire range of plastic cards can be divided into types depending on the selected criterion, but I would like to highlight, in our opinion, the main ones:

1) depending on the operations carried out during issue and circulation, plastic cards are divided into bank and non-bank (commercial) cards.

Bank cards assume that when they are issued and during the circulation process, banking operations will be carried out: opening accounts, settlement and cash service participants in settlements, currency exchange and other transactions.

Non-banking (trading) cards are cards issued by legal entities for payment for goods (work, services) that belong to them as property. In Belarus, these are Beltelecom cards, metro cards, and Internet cards.

2) there are various settlement mechanisms for transactions made using cards. However, in general outline There are two main types of cards - debit and credit.

Using debit card the client must ensure the availability of funds in the account, the size of which determines the limit of funds available for making payments. When making a transaction using a card, the amount of funds in the account also decreases. If all funds in the account have been spent, then to resume operations the client must replenish his account. In some cases, it is allowed to exceed the limit of funds available for transactions by a certain amount, which must be repaid within a certain period (so-called debit-credit cards, or cards with an overdraft facility).

When using a credit card, the holder does not deposit funds into the account in advance. Settlements for the holder's operations are carried out using a loan provided to him by the bank. In this case, the limit of funds available for settlements is related to the amount of the loan provided. Within a certain period, the holder must repay the resulting debt to the bank, after which the loan is renewed.

3) depending on who is the owner of the account, a distinction is made between corporate and personal cards.

The owners of corporate card accounts are legal entities. Such cards are issued to employees of a legal entity to pay expenses related to its business activities and business trips.

Owners of personal card accounts are individuals. In addition to the personal card, cards can be issued to family members of the account holder (so-called family cards).

4) depending on the identification media used, there are magnetic stripe cards and smart cards.

Magnetic stripe cards use a magnetic stripe as a carrier of identification information. It consists of magnetic tracks on which information is recorded. The weak security of data on cards with a magnetic stripe makes them quite vulnerable to fraudulent activities (copying or reading).

In smart cards, the carrier of identification information is a microcircuit. As a rule, the memory of a microcircuit is designed in such a way that it allows repeated reading and writing of information. Chip cards are essentially microcomputers and contain all the associated major hardware components. The level of data protection in smart cards is quite high, making them difficult to counterfeit.

5) depending on the information recorded on the storage medium, the following types of cards can be distinguished.

Cards containing information allowing the issuer to identify the holder. The above information usually includes the card number, owner's name, card expiration date, PIN code information. In some cases, it may also be written Additional Information. Identification data allows you to determine where to go to obtain confirmation that the account holder of a given card has the ability to perform a certain operation. TO this species cards include cards with a magnetic stripe.

Cards with full accounting of transactions. These cards contain information that allows you to identify both the holder and the amount of funds available to him when carrying out the transaction.

A card with full accounting of transactions allows the holder to carry out transactions without contacting the processing center directly at the time of their execution, but the presence of electronic means of information processing (payment terminal, ATM) is required. After completing a transaction through a payment terminal, the issuer tracks each transaction made by the cardholder and keeps a complete record of the movement of funds in the account. As a rule, these are smart cards or chip cards.

6) in payment systems using plastic cards, two operating modes can be used: on-line and off-line, and in these modes both cards with a magnetic stripe and smart cards function.

Off-line is an operating mode in which payment terminals and ATMs are not in interaction with the source of the central computer of the system at the time of the transaction. In this mode, authorization is carried out by installations inside terminals or supporting devices. Cardholder information is accessed in a non-real world environment (that is, current information is not viewed while the transaction is in progress).

On-line is an operating mode in which payment terminals and ATMs interact with a central computer system and have access to a database to authorize, request or change cardholder information. Current information about the cardholder is accessed during each transaction.

In the Republic of Belarus, the market for services using bank plastic cards is currently dynamically expanding. Three areas can be distinguished in it - cards of international payment systems Europay Int., Visa Int.; national maps Bel-Card systems and private cards of local systems of individual banks.

The international direction is represented by a wide range of products for various purposes, based on cards with a magnetic stripe (Cirrus/Maestro, Visa Electron, etc.).

In addition to purely technological differences between cards with a magnetic stripe and microprocessor cards, the payment mechanisms and sets of rules governing relations between participants are fundamentally different.

Until a certain time, international cards and BelCart microprocessor cards did not directly compete with each other. This was due to the fact that international cards are focused mainly on servicing foreign currency accounts, while BelCard cards are aimed at servicing ruble accounts. Some Belarusian banks (Priorbank, Belvnesheconombank, Belarusbank) are introducing Cirrus/Maestro cards of the Europay Int., Visa Electron (Visa Int.) systems to the Belarusian market for their use within the republic. This means that new cards are appearing to service ruble payments in the field of retail banking services. In combination with technologies and rules of international systems and low cost, they can seriously compete with BelKart cards.

We can analyze the issuance indicators of bank plastic cards for 2004-2008. based on the data in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1 - Dynamics of the number of bank plastic cards in circulation on the territory of the Republic of Belarus, pcs.

Payment system	01.01.2004	01.01.2005	01.01.2006	01.01.2007	01.01.2009
Including:
International settlement systems
Internal payment systems
Internal private payment systems

From Table 2.1 it follows that during the analyzed period the number of cards increased by 5.3 times, including: international payment systems - 6 times, domestic payment systems - 1.2 times, while domestic private systems decreased by 3. 4 times, so we can safely say that preference is given to international payment systems.

International cards are traditionally purchased when the cardholder needs quick access to funds in his account, for example, if he needs to pay for goods and services abroad. The point is that the card greatly facilitates the return of VAT on goods exported from the countries of the European Community, with savings of 10-14% of the cost of goods. In addition, hotels, shops, and car rental companies provide cardholders with discounts of up to 20%.

Belarusian banks at the end of the 90s of the last century began to use plastic cards. Indicators of the number of issued plastic cards, transactions with them and turnover at retail outlets are unlikely to impress Western issuers. However, in the conditions of Belarus, this is a significant contribution to solving the problem of non-cash payments. It should be taken into account that such results were achieved with undeveloped telecommunications networks and a still insufficient amount of computer equipment.

The formation and development of the domestic market for bank plastic cards, in fact, most actively began in 1998 and occurred simultaneously with a number of economic transformations in the republic. The card market in Belarus is developing taking into account global experience and national characteristics of the development of the economy. Moreover, this development occurs both in quantitative and qualitative terms. The number of card holders, ATMs and retail outlets accepting cards for payment is constantly increasing. New card products are appearing, technologies for storing data on cards are changing.

Table 2.2 - Indicators characterizing the development of the market for bank plastic cards in the regions for the 1st quarter of 2008.

Regions	Growth for the 1st quarter of 2008
	Emission (BOD)	Terminals in OTS	ATMs	Infokiosks
	In unit		In unit		In unit		In unit
Brest region
Vitebsk region
Gomel region
Grodno region
Minsk region
Mogilev region

From table 2.2 it is clear that for the 1st quarter of 2008. the increase in issuance amounted to more than 302 thousand cards (6.3%), terminals in OTS - 833 units (9.1%), information kiosks - 158 (11.6%), ATMs - 59 units (2.9%).

At the same time, the indicators for the development of a network of software and hardware infrastructure facilities that allow the use of a card for non-cash payment for goods and services are still far from international.

Statistical data confirms this thesis. If on January 1, 2008 In Belarus, per 1 million inhabitants there were 1,073.9 OTS payment terminals, then at the beginning of 2006. in Hungary - 4,078.9; in the Czech Republic - 6,122.8; in Germany - 6,906.4; in the UK - 16,183.3; in France - 17,463.4 payment terminals. It is obvious that according to this indicator We are significantly behind European countries.

The level of ATM equipment in the regions lags behind the number of ATMs in Minsk. Among the regions, according to this indicator, the first place is occupied by the Gomel region, the second place by the Brest region, and the third by Vitebsk region (Figure 2.1).

Figure 2.1 - Volume of ATM equipment in the Republic of Belarus as of 01/01/2009

Payment equipment for non-cash payments was financed by 87 percent from banks. The highest rates of development of the payment equipment network are at JSB Belarusbank (35%), Priorbank OJSC (11%); OJSC Belagroprombank (11%); OJSC Belinvestbank (9%). Among non-banking sources, it is necessary to note RUE Belposhta (15%). Trade enterprises equipped 2% of the facilities, RUE Belorusneft 2% of the facilities, other legal entities - 4% (Figure 2.2).

Figure 2.2 Placement of card readers by sectors of the national economy as of 01/01/2009

In the process of optimizing cash circulation, the role of non-cash payments using plastic cards has noticeably increased. Their share in the volume of non-cash payments in 2008 increased from 5.7 to 19.1 percent. The interest of cardholders in paying for communication services, utilities and other payments has increased.

The volume of transactions with plastic cards in 2008 amounted to 1077.4 billion rubles, which was 1.9 times higher than the volume in 2007 and 34 times higher than the volume in 2006. The share of non-cash payments in the total volume is 1.9 percent, or 20.3 billion rubles. On the one hand, this is not much, but on the other hand, it is 200 times more than in 2006.

The lack of a balance of economic interests of payment participants, in particular banks and trading enterprises, affected low volumes of payments and trade and service facilities. Payments for goods and services via cards amounted to only 5.1 billion rubles, or a quarter of non-cash payments using cards. At the same time, the increase in the amount of payments at trade and service facilities by 3.4 times compared to the volume for 2007 indicates positive dynamics and huge potential for the development of payment functions of the system, which is the main task of banks and other interested parties today.

In order to regulate the economic interests of trade enterprises and banks, by resolution No. 152 of October 24, 2007, the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus recommended that banks establish tariffs for collection and transactions with plastic cards in the amount of 0.33 percent of the amount. However, only Belagroprombank OJSC ensured implementation of the recommendations in the region. Average acquiring rates are still around 2 percent.

At the initiative of the Main Directorate of city and district executive committees, the composition of commissions to check the quality of service to cardholders was approved, control was established, and proposals were constantly made for taking response measures. There are still issues of providing payment terminals with separate telephone numbers, increasing the level of staff skills when servicing cardholders, and expanding information support for the possibility of payments using cards.

The range of services offered to plastic card holders has expanded significantly. Almost all equipment accepts non-cash payments (with the exception of 8 ATMs, 3 information kiosks, 110 cash points). The most popular is non-cash payment for the services of cellular operators. In December 2008, the database on city telephone network services was transferred to the Belarusbank JSB for organizing the acceptance of payments through information kiosks. Growth in the volume of foreign currency cash withdrawals using cards with an account in Belarusian rubles speaks of the growing demand of the population for this service. It is estimated that in 2008, the population purchased about 14 million US dollars in equivalent through plastic cards through ATMs and cash points.

The winners of the most significant marketing campaigns of the international payment system Visa before the Olympic Games in Turin and Beijing were residents of the cities of Beloozersk and Baranovichi, Brest region. The growth of non-cash payments via cards largely depends on the volume of credit cards issued. The volume of loans issued to the population through plastic cards exceeded 83 billion rubles in 2008, the debt as of 01/01/2006 amounted to 10.6 billion rubles, which is 1.8 times higher than the figure as of 01/01/2008.

Thus, the current stage of development of non-cash payments is characterized by the development of quantitative tasks into qualitative ones. It becomes paramount to ensure synchronicity in the development of the system, bringing it closer to international standards for equipment load (no more than 2,600 cards per ATM and 160 cards per payment terminal). The range of services and accessibility must continue to expand. Successful development should be facilitated by ensuring a balance of economic interests of all participants in the system, development and implementation by banks of an agreed and economically sound interest and tariff policy.

An important aspect of the growth of non-cash payments is the expansion of the issuance and use of credit cards. Overdraft lending should be accessible and attractive.

Significant work remains to be done to create a unified settlement and information space for the widespread and uniform provision of services, modification of services provided and introduction of new information technologies, active promotion of new card products to the market, and effective use of advertising.

Projects to encourage purchases are of great importance in increasing non-cash payments. Much in further development will depend on the constant nature and mass scale of these actions.

Research conducted by the international payment system Visa has revealed that the costs of any country for the production and servicing of cash amount to up to 7 percent of GDP. By expanding the capabilities of electronic non-cash payments, any country can save at least 1 percent of GDP per year. Taking into account global trends, the payment system using plastic cards should become the basis for the functioning of the national settlement system for retail payments.

There are 4,568 trade and service enterprises operating on the territory of the Republic of Belarus, serving holders of bank plastic cards.

It is possible to receive cash using cards at 1,345 ATMs and 2,094 cash points. Non-cash payments are possible at 590 self-service payment and information terminals (infokiosks). There are 10,730 terminals installed at all infrastructure facilities (in OTS - 5317, in PVN - 4002, outside OTS and outside PVN - 340, in RO BelPost - 1071) and 1197 imprinters.

In 2008, 66,287,546 transactions were carried out on the territory of the Republic of Belarus using bank plastic cards in Belarusian rubles in the amount of 6,240,986.12 million rubles. The share of non-cash transactions in the total number of transactions using bank plastic cards was 26.4%, and in total terms - 4.6%.

The total number of transactions in foreign currency for 2008 amounted to 470,759 transactions in the amount of 107,723.82 thousand US dollars. The share of non-cash transactions in the total number of transactions using cards in foreign currency was 5.2%, and in total terms - 9.8%.

The total number of bank plastic cards in circulation in Belarus increased in January-April by 13% and amounted to about 2 million 482.45 thousand. Of these, 2 million 195.4 thousand pieces, or 88.4% - cards of international payment systems, 265.5 thousand (10.7%) - national payment system Belkart, 21.6 thousand pieces (0 .9%) - cards of internal private payment systems.

According to the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus, there were 944 ATMs and 1,782 cash dispensing points in the republic, which is, respectively, 6.4% and 7.6% more than at the beginning of 2007. Currently, more than 3,342 trade and service enterprises in Belarus are ready to serve customers using plastic cards (a year ago there were 2,264).

In accordance with international averages, there are 2,600 cards per ATM, and 160 cards per payment terminal. In addition, the ATM network is still concentrated in the largest cities and is not properly diversified.

An insufficiently developed network of payment terminals is one of the main negative factors affecting the share of non-cash payments using cards in Belarus (Table 2.3).

Table 2.3 - Indicators characterizing the ratio of cash and non-cash transactions in rubles using bank plastic cards.

date	Volumes of transactions using bank plastic cards in Belarusian rubles
	Cash transactions	Non-cash transactions
	Qty		Amount (billion rubles)		Qty		Amount (billion rubles)

So as of January 1, 2008. the share of non-cash transactions in the total volume of transactions using cards in Belarusian rubles amounted to 36.9% in terms of the number of transactions and 6.9% in terms of the amount of transactions. Five years ago these figures were 12.6 and 3.2%, respectively.

Of course, there is growth, but it is not sufficient to meet the standards of the State program. In 2006, the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus and the National Bank approved the State Program for the Development of Technical Infrastructure Ensuring the Use of Bank Plastic Cards for 2006 - 2010 and the Action Plan for the Transition of Trade and Services to Non-Cash Payments with the Organization of an Incentive System for the Installation of Terminal Equipment and non-cash payments using plastic cards. These documents contain a set of measures to bring the share of non-cash payments in the field of retail payments to at least 30% by 2011.

The active work of banks made it possible to improve the provision of cards with the required number of technical devices for servicing them. So, as of April 1, 2008. Banks of the Republic of Belarus installed 2085 ATMs, 1518 information kiosks, 7015 OTS equipped with 10038 payment terminals.

However, bank plastic cards did not immediately gain recognition among the population. Meanwhile, analysis foreign experience shows that bank plastic cards are very popular, and payment systems based on them are highly efficient and profitable. It is also generally accepted that plastic cards are the most progressive product in the banking services market.

Today, 22 banks of the Republic of Belarus issue bank plastic cards of domestic, international and domestic private and international private payment systems: Belagroprombank OJSC, BPS-Bank OJSC, ASB Belarusbank OJSC, Belinvestbank OJSC, Priorbank OJSC, OJSC Belvnesheconombank, OJSC Paritetbank, OJSC BNB-Bank, OJSC Belgazprombank, CJSC RRB-Bank, CJSC MTBank, OJSC Technobank, OJSC Fransabank, CJSC Trustbank, CJSC VTB Bank (Belarus), CJSC Alfa-Bank, OJSC Bank Moscow-Minsk, OJSC HKBank, CJSC BTA Bank, CJSC BelSwissBank, CJSC AKB BELROSBANK, National Bank of the Republic of Belarus (only for employees of the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus system).

As of January 1, 2009, more than 6 million 083 thousand cards were issued, of which more than 5 million 603 thousand were issued for international payment systems, more than 458 thousand for the internal Belcard system, and more than 21 for internal private payment systems. thousand

Interbank settlements in Belarusian rubles based on the results of clearing for transactions using bank plastic cards, carried out on a net basis by processing centers of international and domestic settlement systems using bank plastic cards, are carried out in the system of interbank settlements for large and urgent money transfers on a gross basis in real time (BISS - Belarus Interbank Settlement System).

In 2008, 333,541,466 transactions were carried out on the territory of the Republic of Belarus using bank plastic cards in Belarusian rubles in the amount of 32,867,388.84 million rubles. The share of non-cash transactions in the total number of transactions using bank plastic cards was 40.9%, and in total terms - 9.1%. The total number of transactions in foreign currency for the same period amounted to 2,131,093 transactions in the amount of 605,693 thousand US dollars. The share of non-cash transactions in the total number of transactions using cards in foreign currency was 6.7%, and in total terms - 3.3% (Table 2.4).

Table 2.4 - Volumes of transactions using bank plastic cards as of 01/01/2009.

Today, the level of development of the so-called “dual use” infrastructure, which allows servicing cards of various payment systems, is insufficient.

The number of software and hardware infrastructure objects that support transactions using cards is shown in Table 2.5.

Table 2.5 - Objects of software and hardware infrastructure as of 01/01/2009

Thus, the market for bank plastic cards is in its infancy compared to economically developed countries.

What needs to be done to speed up the development of the bank plastic cards market? Develop regional programs transition of enterprises to the payment of wages through plastic cards. This program has already been implemented in many cities of our republic. But to achieve success, an integrated approach is required, i.e. when the following are simultaneously involved in the project:

All the largest enterprises in the city with their salary projects;

All systems and points for payment of pensions and benefits;

All large trade and service enterprises.

In order to speed up the process of development of the bank plastic cards market, it is necessary:

1) when implementing salary projects, issue bank plastic cards to individuals free of charge, that is, at the expense of enterprise funds (budget funds) or at the expense of enterprise funds (budget funds) and banks (50% + 50%). In practice, when implementing salary projects, this point is fulfilled.

2) improve the quality of business planning. Use a system of incentive measures more widely for owners of bank plastic cards (providing discounts, prize draws, bonus incentive programs, etc.).

3) preferential taxation system for trading enterprises with the use of released funds for the acquisition, installation and maintenance of payment terminals. Cancel customs duties on equipment necessary for the introduction of a system of non-cash payments using plastic cards, the production of which has not yet been established in the republic. Return to consideration of the program for the development and production of specialized devices for the payment system with bank plastic cards that meet international standards.

Thus, at present in the Republic of Belarus there is a significant intensification of processes associated with the development of the market for bank plastic cards.

For the further development of the bank plastic cards market, it is necessary to create the following conditions:

Most transactions carried out with cash should also be possible with plastic cards;

Bank plastic cards must have at least one advantage over cash.

The government, realizing the importance of the above processes, provides full support and also applies protectionist measures to expand the system of payments by bank plastic cards in the Republic of Belarus.

In conclusion, it should be noted that due to the significant influence of a number of negative factors on the process of distributing bank plastic cards (economic problems in the republic, low income levels of the population and, as a consequence, their low savings ability, high price of equipment for servicing bank plastic cards, etc.) d.) the development of the market for bank plastic cards may be difficult. Nevertheless, it should be remembered that the project for developing the market for bank plastic cards is long-term in nature and the main effect from its implementation will not be obtained immediately. Moreover, the experience of developing payment systems based on bank cards in European countries has shown that the greatest effect within an individual state is achieved through the creation of a unified national payment system aimed at the mass consumer and using both domestic and international card products, which is currently being implemented and is being implemented in the Republic of Belarus.

2.2 Implementation mechanism settlements with bank plastic cards at OJSC Belvnesheconombank

OJSC Belvnesheconombank was the first bank to issue bank plastic cards of international systems in the banking system of the Republic of Belarus.

The plastic card system at Belvnesheconombank OJSC has been operating since 1995. The Bank is a member of international payment systems and has created national product according to international standards, has mastered the entire range of services and payments, from the simplest imprinters to payment terminals and ATMs. “Salary” projects based on Cirrus/Maestro cards have been implemented and are successfully developing with enterprises and organizations McDonald’s - 1489, Center for Banking Technologies - 150, Beltransgaz - 166, Coca-Cola Amatil Belarus - 335, Mobile TeleSystems - 255, Gromin LLC - 160, LLC "Pakoplast" - 154, JSC Minsk Watch Factory "Luch" - 2435, JSC Bobruisk Machine-Building Plant - 1494 and others.

OJSC Belvnesheconombank issues cards of the international VISA and Eurocard/MasterCard systems. After JSSB Belarusbank and OJSC Priorbank, it ranks third with a share of participation: in terms of the number of transactions - 10.8%, in terms of the volume of transactions - 17.0%.

At the beginning of its activities, the bank was faced with misunderstanding and negative attitude on the part of clients towards the product being introduced. It was important to convince people of the advantages of paying with plastic cards and to show the scope of their application. This required an active advertising campaign, as well as expansion and renewal of card services.

The main procedures related to the issuance and acquiring of bank cards, and the procedure for interaction of services of OJSC Belvnesheconombank are regulated by the Rules of OJSC Belvnesheconombank for carrying out transactions using bank plastic cards approved by the Resolution of the Board of OJSC Belvnesheconombank No. 124 dated August 28, 2006.

The production of payment system card blanks is carried out by order of Belvnesheconombank OJSC from manufacturers authorized by the relevant Systems and with their consent.

Upon provision by the client of the full package of documents necessary to purchase the card, applications for the purchase of MasterCard and Visa Classic cards are registered in the client application registration book. After approving the client’s application, the bank enters into an agreement with him.

Bank in mandatory An explanation is given about the scope of the card, the conditions for using the card, tariffs for transactions carried out using cards, the rights and obligations of the client, the procedure for canceling and withdrawing the card, the technology for conducting transactions with the card, the procedure for resolving mutual claims, and the distribution of responsibilities between the bank and the holder. At positive decision authorized persons sign the agreement.

The information contained in the application is transferred to the bank card issuing department. The bank card issuance department monitors and enters the received information into the bank's card service system and generates a production report, which is transferred to the software and hardware department of the plastic card system. Based on the application data and production report, cards are personalized and PIN codes are generated. After that, the produced cards and envelopes with PIN codes are transferred against a signature on a copy of the production report to the responsible executive of the bank card issuance department.

The card and PIN code are issued to the client upon receipt of signature on the application. If the client does not receive the card within 45 calendar days from the date of production, the card and PIN code are subject to destruction. Re-production of a card to replace one destroyed by the bank is carried out upon a written application from the card holder.

In parallel with the issue of cards, Belvnesheconombank OJSC actively carried out activities to create and expand the infrastructure for servicing the cards it issued. Over the past 6 years, the bank has carried out and is currently carrying out the effect...........

Pages: | | | |

Modern life is unthinkable without modern technologies. Convenience and mobility are the main characteristics of modern technological products, which, of course, include bank payment cards.

Bank payment cards of OJSC Rosselkhozbank are not only a convenient means of accessing your accounts, but also additional features depending on the category of payment cards. Owners of payment cards of OJSC Rosselkhozbank may be provided with additional services.

OJSC Rosselkhozbank issues debit bank cards of the local payment system of OJSC Rosselkhozbank and the international payment systems Visa International and MasterCard Worldwide, as well as issues credit bank cards of the international payment systems Visa International and MasterCard Worldwide.

A plastic card is a personalized payment instrument that provides the owner with the opportunity to make cashless payments for goods and services, as well as receive cash at bank branches (branches) and automated teller machines (ATMs).

A plastic card is a plate of standard sizes (85.6 mm 53.9 mm 0.76 mm), made of special plastic resistant to mechanical and thermal influences.

To ensure owner identification, the following are used:

Logos of the issuing bank and the payment system servicing the card;

Cardholder's name, account number;

Card validity period;

There may be a photograph of the holder and his signature and other data.

Credit cards of OJSC Rosselkhozbank are intended for transactions by the client at the expense of credit funds within the established limit in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement.

Debit cards of OJSC Rosselkhozbank are designed to carry out transactions using funds previously placed by the client in his bank account, and allow clients to receive additional income in the form of monthly accrued interest on the balance on the card account.

Bank cards of OJSC Rosselkhozbank allow clients to:

Make purchases/payments for large amounts of money without the risk of keeping large amounts of cash on you;

Receive information support by calling the 24-hour Help Desk.

Bank cards of OJSC Rosselkhozbank of the local payment system provide clients with the opportunity to:

Receive cash at cash dispensers and ATMs of OJSC Rosselkhozbank in many regions of Russia;

Pay for goods and services at trade and service enterprises with which OJSC Rosselkhozbank entered into an agreement on the use of bank cards as a means of payment;

Bank cards of OJSC Rosselkhozbank of the international payment systems Visa International and MasterCard Worldwide provide clients with the opportunity to:

Receive cash from ATMs not only on the territory of the Russian Federation, but also abroad;

Pay for goods and services in trade and service enterprises on the territory of the Russian Federation and abroad;

Do not declare funds on the card account when traveling outside the Russian Federation;

Use the card in many countries of the world, making transactions in a currency different from the currency of the card account;

Participate in promotions conducted by international payment systems Visa International and MasterCard Worldwide.

Types of payment cards

Cards of the international payment system Visa Inc.;

Cards of the international payment system MasterCard Worldwide;

Cards of the local payment system of OJSC Rosselkhozbank.

+presentation and speech for defense (12 slides)

Year of defense: 2014

The thesis examines the main aspects of plastic cards, economic entity plastic cards, definitions and characteristics, specific features, techniques, types of bank cards and a number of other theoretical issues are given. The types of plastic cards considered directly using the example of OJSC Rosselkhozbank are indicated. For this purpose, an assessment of the position occupied by the bank on regional market, activity in the field of non-cash payments for a number of periods was analyzed. An analysis of the organization of work with plastic cards was carried out. The problems of promoting bank cards are considered, special attention is paid to the prospects for the development of cards in Russia.

The work totals 105 pages, contains 6 tables, 18 figures, 35 sources.

Introduction. 5

1 Plastic cards as a payment system tool.. 9

1.1 History of the emergence and development of payment bank cards. 9

1.2 Characteristics of the payment system and the place of payment bank cards in it. 13

1.3 Economic and financial justification for the creation of a national payment system.. 19

2 Modern analysis plastic cards of a commercial bank. 21

2.1 Economic and organizational characteristics of OJSC Rosselkhozbank. 21

2.2 Accounting for transactions using payment bank cards and types of cards serviced using the example of the Tambov branch No. 3349/02 of OJSC Rosselkhozbank. 35

2.3 Automation of accounting for transactions performed using payment bank cards using the example of the Tambov branch No. 3349/02 of OJSC Rosselkhozbank. 53

2.4 Related services of OJSC Rosselkhozbank (Internet banking, mobile banking, etc.) 56

3 Improvement and automation of accounting for transactions made through payment bank cards at OJSC Rosselkhozbank. 60

3.1 Problems of using payment bank cards at OJSC Rosselkhozbank. 60

3.2 Prospects for the development of services provided using payment bank cards in OJSC Rosselkhozbank. 66

3.3 Economic and financial justification for the creation of a national payment system.. 78

Conclusion. 98

List of sources. 101

Applications. 105

Introduction

The relevance of the topic of the thesis is due to the fact that the current level of development of information technology in the banking sector objectively determines the emergence of new methods and mechanisms for carrying out the payment procedure. Currently, there is high activity of Russian credit institutions in the development of an electronic payment system and the reduction of paper technologies. This process is characterized by: an increase in the issuance of payment cards, an increase in turnover and balances on card accounts, and an expansion of the range of services using bank cards. During the development of the plastic market, different types of payment cards were created, differing in purpose and technical characteristics. Transactions with bank plastic cards have opened up new prospects for financial services for clients of Russian banks. Various payment systems are developing and gaining momentum in the country, and an increasing number of Russian citizens are becoming participants in the non-cash payment system based on the use of bank cards.

Currently, the situation on the bank plastic card market in Russia differs from the situation in developed countries. Absolute numbers characterizing domestic market bank cards are still small compared to similar indicators for Western countries. The Russian bank card market is distinguished by its heterogeneity and territorial segmentation in terms of the quantitative and qualitative content of banking operations.

Analysis scientific research, one way or another affecting the operations of Russian banks with plastic cards, indicates insufficient attention to a comprehensive study of the processes and relationships of the elements of this system with each other and with external environment, which does not provide a holistic perception of the results of the study of individual areas and aspects of the activity of the payment system using bank cards and does not allow predicting its further development.

In the theoretical aspect, the relevance of the thesis topic is due to insufficient generalization and scientific systematization domestic and foreign experience accumulated in this area, as well as the need to develop theoretical aspects of the development of the sphere of retail payments based on the use of bank cards.

From a practical point of view, the choice of the topic of the thesis is associated with the need to develop a set of specific measures aimed at creating conditions for the effective functioning of the system of retail payments based on bank cards, taking into account the heterogeneity of the level and pace of development of the regions of the Russian Federation.

The degree of development of the topic of the thesis. Among the studies on the operations of Russian banks with plastic cards, the following most significant areas can be identified: the effectiveness of the functioning of payment card systems in credit institutions of the Russian Federation (S.E. Dubova, D.E. Evsyukov, N.E. Egorova, V.G. .Kulagin, A.S.Obaeva, D.V.Podolsky, S.A. Stradymov); economic conditions the use of plastic cards in the non-cash payment system (S.V. Anureev, A.V. Vavilov, T.V. Kirichenko, Yu.S. Krupnov, E.V. Orlova, O.V. Cherednichenko); construction of a methodology for researching the market of plastic cards (I.V. Vishnevskaya, V.G. Kulagin), etc. Analysis of existing works indicates the need to continue systematic research into transactions with bank cards, developing scientifically based proposals for their improvement and development. All this allowed us to formulate following goal and research objectives.

The purpose of the thesis is to analyze the main factors and trends in the functioning of the bank card market based on studying the experience of Rosselkhozbank OJSC.

The subject of the thesis is economic relations, arising in the process of functioning of the retail payment system based on the use of bank cards at the regional level, ensuring the effective functioning of new banking products and contributing to the uninterrupted and safe execution of payments.

The object of the study is the regional segment of the retail payment system based on the use of bank cards of the bank of branch No. 3349/02 of OJSC Rosselkhozbank in the Tambov region.

To achieve the goal of the research, the following tasks were set and solved in the thesis:

– study the history of the emergence and development of payment bank cards,

– characterize the importance of the payment system and the place of payment bank cards in it,

–conduct an economic and financial justification for the creation of a national payment system,

– consider accounting for transactions using payment bank cards and the types of cards serviced using the example of the Tambov branch No. 3349/02 of OJSC Rosselkhozbank,

– consider the automation of accounting for transactions performed using payment bank cards using the example of the Tambov branch No. 3349/02 of OJSC Rosselkhozbank

– list and analyze related services No. 3349/02 of OJSC Rosselkhozbank (Internet banking, mobile banking, etc.),

– consider the problems of accounting for transactions carried out using payment bank cards in OJSC Rosselkhozbank,

– to identify the main directions for the development of operations and services carried out using payment bank cards at OJSC Rosselkhozbank.

The information base for the thesis was federal laws and regulations Bank of Russia, regulating the issue and circulation of payment cards; statistical data and reporting materials of VISA International, State Administration of the Bank of Russia for the Tambov Region, Tambov Branch No. 3349/02 of OJSC Rosselkhozbank; materials of periodicals, scientific and practical conferences and Internet resources.

The theoretical basis of the study was the works of domestic and foreign scientists on the problems of evolution monetary systems, interpretation of electronic money and development of the payment card market.

The methodological basis of the study is the principles of dialectical logic, the unity of logical and historical views in the study of economic phenomena. During the research process, a systematic approach was used, as well as methods of comparative economic, economic and statistical analysis.

The structure of the thesis includes an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion and a list of sources.

List of sources

1. Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Part one: the federal law RF dated November 30, 1994 (as amended on June 26, 2011) // Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. 1994. No. 32. Art. 3301; 2007. No. 27. Art. 3213.
2. Tax Code of the Russian Federation, part one of July 31, 1998 No. 146-FZ and part two of August 5, 2000 No. 117-FZ (as amended on April 30, 2011) // Russian newspaper. August 6, 1998. No. 148-149
3. Federal Law of June 27, 2011 No. 161-FZ “On the National Payment System” // “Rossiyskaya Gazeta” – No. 139. – 06/30/2011.
4. Federal Law of December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ “On Accounting” // “Rossiyskaya Gazeta”, No. 278, 12/09/2011. (effective from January 1, 2013)
5. Federal Law of December 2, 1990 N 395-1 (as amended on September 30, 2013) “On Banks and Banking Activities” // “Rossiyskaya Gazeta”. – No. 27. – 02/10/1996.
6. Regulation of the Bank of Russia dated July 16, 2012 N 385-P “On the rules for maintaining accounting in credit institutions located on the territory of the Russian Federation” // Bulletin of the Bank of Russia. – September 25, 2012 – No. 56-57.
7. Regulation of the Central Bank of August 31, 1998 N 54-P “On the procedure for the provision (placement) of funds by credit institutions and their return (repayment)” (as amended on July 27, 2011) // Bulletin of the Bank of Russia. – October 8, 1998 – No. 70-71. – [Electronic access]: http://www.consultant.ru
8. Regulations on the rules of accounting in credit institutions located on the territory of the Russian Federation (approved by the Bank of Russia on July 16, 2012 No. 385-P, as amended on September 26, 2012) – [Electronic access] – http://base.consultant.ru
9. Answers and clarifications on some issues related to the entry into force of Bank of Russia Regulation No. 385-P of July 16, 2012 “On the rules of accounting in credit institutions located on the territory of the Russian Federation” from January 1, 2013 //<Информация>Bank of Russia http://www.cbr.ru/
10. Regulations on the rules of accounting in credit institutions located on the territory of the Russian Federation (approved by the Bank of Russia on July 16, 2012 N 385-P) (as amended on December 5, 2013) // Bulletin of the Bank of Russia. No. 56. 57, 09/25/2012.
11. Regulations on the issue of payment cards and on transactions carried out with their use (approved by the Bank of Russia on December 24, 2004 N 266-P) (as amended on August 10, 2012) (Registered with the Ministry of Justice of Russia on March 25, 2005 No. 6431) // Bulletin of the Bank of Russia . No. 17. 03/30/2005.
12. Analytical note “On investment and credit policy open joint-stock company "Russian Agricultural Bank" // Official website of OJSC "Rosselkhozbank" - http://www.rshb.ru

1. Aivaz S.A. Accounting for credit lines // Taxation, accounting and reporting in a commercial bank. – No. 5. – 2013. – P. 22–26.
2. Alegin A.P. Sources of forensic information about crimes related to the production and use of counterfeit plastic payment cards // Russian investigator. – 2007. – No. 20.
3. Antonova A.L. Trends in the consumer lending market // Banking retail. - No. 1. - 2013. - P.12–15.
4. Anchabadze N.A., Popov E.S. Means of protecting plastic cards and typical traces of counterfeiting encountered during their expert examination // Forensic expert. – 2011. – No. 1. – P. 2–5.
5. Baidina N.V. Prospects for the development of card payment turnover in Russia [Text] / N.V. Baidina // Young scientist. - 2012. - No. 6. - pp. 128–131.
6. Burykin D. Problems of legal regulation of payments // Economy and Law. – 2008. – No. 3. – pp. 81-86.
7. Gotovchikov I.F. A practical method for express assessment of the financial capabilities of individuals and legal entities // Bank lending. – No. 3. – 2009. – P.14–19.
8. Danilin V.A., Barmanova O.R. Bank card market in the Samara region - problems and prospects //Money and Credit. – 2011. – No. 2. – P. 18.
9. Daudrich N.I. The credit card market in anticipation of a boom // Business and banks. - 2010. - February (No. 5). - No. 3. - P. 6.
10. Dzhanbalaev R.M. Features of taxation of transactions associated with the use of plastic cards // Taxes. – 2007. – No. 3.
11. Ivanov V.Yu. The problem of classifying forms of non-cash payments in the context of the development of new information technologies // Banking Law. - 2005. - No. 4. – P. 7-9.
12. Ivanov V.Yu. Problems of legal qualification of payments using “electronic money” // Banking Law. -2004. - No. 3. – pp. 22-29.
13. Ivanova O. Market of plastic cards // Expert. – 2009. – No. 15. – P. 58.
14. Kireeva O.L. “Bank card – past, present and future (civil aspect). – Nizhny Novgorod, 2011.
15. Kosoy A.M. Modern money // Money and credit. – 2012. – No. 6. – P. 21.
16. Krakhmalev S.V. Modern banking practice of making international payments. – M.: GrossMedia, 2011.
17. Kuragin V. Printed advertising of plastic cards // World of Cards. – 1997. – No. 16. – P. 12;
18. Kurishev O.Yu. Bank cards as an important element of retail banking business // Banking retail. – 2011. – No. 1. – P. 18–22
19. Lavrushin O.I. Banking: Textbook - M.: KNORUS, 2006. -768 p.
20. Larkin M. Payment system using plastic cards // EKO. – 2011. – P. 5.
21. Lukashok Yu.V. Russian plastic market: development trends and promising products // Banking retail. – 2012. – No. 3. – P. 12–16.
22. Obaeva A.S. National payment system: infrastructure, innovation, development prospects // Money and Credit. – No. 5. – 2010. – P. 34–39.
23. Payment and settlement systems: international experience // Issue 3: General guidance on the development of the payment system. Central Bank of the Russian Federation. Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems of the Bank for International Settlements. M., 2008.
24. Pukhov A.V. Organization of operational work for accepting payments from individuals without opening an account // Calculations and operational work in a commercial bank. – 2012. – No. 5. – P. 15–19.
25. Spiranov I.A. Legal regulation transactions with bank cards. – M.: Yunistform, 2011. – P. 22–24.
26. SukhanovA. Principles of coexistence of technologies in card standardization // World of Cards. – 1998. – No. 10. – P. 17–18.
27. Tedeev A.A. Electronic banking services: Textbook. - M.: Eksmo Publishing House, - 2005. - P. 49.